Electrical Wiring Residential

836 Pages·2011·25 MB·English

by  Ray C. Mullin

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RAY C. MULLIN
PHIL SIMMONS
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Electrical Wiring Residential, 17th Edition © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Ray C. Mullin, Phil Simmons
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Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxix
CHAPTER General Information for Electrical Installations . . . . . . . . 1
1
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Safety in the Workplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Personal Protective Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Arc Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Safety Cannot Be Compromised! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Licensing and Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Symbols and Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
National Electrical Code (NEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Building Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Metrics (SI) and the NEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories (NRTL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
CHAPTER Electrical Symbols and Outlets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Electrical Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Luminaires and Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Outlet, Device, and Junction Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Grounding/Bonding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Nonmetallic Outlet and Device Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Ganged Switch (Device) Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Box Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Boxes for Conduit Wiring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Yoke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
v
vi
Special-Purpose Outlets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Number of Conductors in Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Selecting the Correct Size Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Height of Receptacle Outlets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Positioning of Receptacles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Typical Heights for Switches and Outlets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
CHAPTER Determining the Required Number of Lighting
3
Outlets, Receptacle Outlets, and Small-Appliance
Branch Circuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Basics of Wire Sizing and Loading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Calculating Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Calculating Floor Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Determining the Minimum Number of Lighting Branch Circuits . . . . . 73
Track Lighting Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Determining the Number of Small-Appliance Branch Circuits . . . . . . . 75
Receptacle Outlet Branch-Circuit Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Summary of Where Receptacle and Lighting Outlets Must Be
Installed in Residences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
CHAPTER Conductor Sizes and Types, Wiring Methods,
4
Wire Connections, Voltage Drop,
Neutral Conductor Sizing for Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Conductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Permissible Loads on Branch Circuits (210.23) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Aluminum Conductors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Conductor Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Wet, Damp, Dry, and Sunlight Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Voltage Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Approximate Conductor Size Relationship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable (Article 334 ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Armored Cable (Type AC) and Metal-Clad Cable (Type MC) . . . . . . 125
Installing Cables Through Wood and Metal Framing
Members (300.4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Cables in Shallow Grooves and Chases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
vii
Installation of Cables Through Ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Connectors for Installing Nonmetallic-Sheathed and Armored Cable. . . . 135
Intermediate Metal Conduit (Article 342), Rigid Metal
Conduit (Article 344), Rigid PVC Conduit (Article 352),
and Electrical Metallic Tubing (Article 358) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Flexible Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (ENT) (Article 362). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Service-Entrance Cable (Article 338) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
CHAPTER Conductor Identification, Switch Control
5
of Lighting Circuits, Bonding/Grounding
of Wiring Devices, Induction Heating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Conductor Identification (Articles 200 and 210). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Connecting Wiring Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Push-In Terminations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Toggle Switches (Article 404). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Combination Wiring Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Common Code Violation “Taps” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
CHAPTER Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters, Arc-Fault
6
Circuit Interrupters, Surge Protective Devices,
Immersion Detection Circuit Interrupters,
and Appliance Leakage Current Interrupters. . . . . . . . . 190
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Electrical Shock Hazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Code Requirements for Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (210.8) . . . 191
Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters in Residence Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Feed-Through Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Testing and Recording of Test Data for GFCI Receptacles . . . . . . . . . 202
Other Special Purpose Receptacles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Replacing Existing Receptacles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Personnel Ground-Fault Protection for All Temporary Wiring . . . . . . 214
Immersion Detection Circuit Interrupters (IDCIs) and Appliance
Leakage Current Interrupters (ALCIs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Surge Protective Devices (SPD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
viii
CHAPTER Luminaires, Ballasts, and Lamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
7
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
What Is a Luminaire? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Types of Luminaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Fluorescent Ballasts and Lamps, Incandescent Lamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Lamp Efficacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Lamp Color Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
CHAPTER Lighting Branch Circuit for the Front Bedroom. . . . . . . 252
8
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Residential Lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Laying Out General-Purpose Lighting and Receptacle Circuits. . . . . . 254
Estimating Loads for Outlets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Drawing a Cable Layout and Wiring Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Drawing the Wiring Diagram of a Lighting Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Lighting Branch Circuit A16 for the Front Bedroom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Determining the Size of Outlet Boxes, Device Boxes,
Junction Boxes, and Conduit Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Grounding of Wall Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Positioning of Split-Wired Receptacles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Positioning of Receptacles Near Electric Baseboard Heating. . . . . . . . 264
Luminaires in Clothes Closets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
CHAPTER Lighting Branch Circuit for the Master Bedroom . . . . . 274
9
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Lighting Branch Circuit A19 for the Master Bedroom. . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Sliding Glass Doors and Fixed Glass Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Selection of Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Ceiling-Suspended (Paddle) Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
CHAPTER Lighting Branch Circuit—Bathrooms, Hallway. . . . . . . . 287
10
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Lighting Branch Circuit A14 for the Hallway
and Bathrooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Hanging Luminaires in Bathrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Hallway Lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291