Electrical systems for nuclear power plants

249 Pages·2018·2.771 MB·English

by  Mazzoni, Omar S.

ElectricalSystemsforNuclearPowerPlants
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GiancarloFortino AndreasMolisch LindaShafer
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DonaldHeirman RayPerez SarahSpurgeon
XiaoouLi JeffreyReed AhmetMuratTekalp
Electrical Systems for Nuclear Power Plants
OmarS.Mazzoni
Publishedby
StandardsInformationNetwork
Thiseditionfirstpublished2019
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
ISBN:9781119483601
Coverdesign:Wiley
Coverimage:©MichaelUtech/GettyImages
Setin10/12ptWarnockProbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Thisbookisdedicatedtomybeloveddaughter,RuthMariaMazzoni,whois
everpresentinmymindandwhomIammissinggreatlysinceherearly
departurefromthislifeonJanuary23,2012.
vii
Contents
Preface xiii
 ElementsofaPowerSystem 1
1.1 TheAlternatingCurrentOne-LineDiagram 1
1.2 BasisforOne-LineRepresentation 3
1.3 MainElectricalComponentsofPowerPlants 4
1.4 TransmissionLines,Switchyards,andSubstations 5
QuestionsandProblems 6
References 8
 NuclearPowerPlants:GeneralInformation 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 EnvironmentalImpact 9
2.3 NuclearGenerationFuelCycle 10
2.4 EvolutionofNuclearPowerGeneration 13
2.5 NuclearPowerintheUnitedStates 13
2.6 PlansforNewReactorsWorldwide 14
2.7 IncreasedCapacity 14
2.8 NuclearPlantConstruction 14
2.9 NuclearPlantLicensing 14
2.10 CurrentCommercialNuclearPlants 15
2.11 EvolutionaryCommercialNuclearPlants 18
2.12 AdvancedReactors 20
2.13 NuclearAccidents:ThreeMileIsland,Chernobil,and
FukushimaEvents 22
QuestionsandProblems 32
References 33
 SpecialRegulationsandRequirements 35
3.1 Regulations 35
3.2 IEEEStandards 39
viii Contents
3.3 NRCRegulatoryGuides 39
QuestionsandProblems 42
References 43
 UniqueRequirements:ClassEPowerSystem 45
4.1 Class1EElectricalSystems:GeneralDescription 45
4.2 SpecificRequirementsforClass1EacPowerSystems 48
4.3 SpecificRequirementsforClass1EDCPowerSystems 48
4.4 SpecificRequirementsforClass1EInstrumentationand
ControlSystems 49
4.5 SpecificRequirementsforClass1EContainmentElectrical
Penetrations 50
4.6 SpecificRequirementsforEmergencyOn-SiteacPowerSources 50
QuestionsandProblems 51
References 52
 NuclearPlantsContainmentElectricalPenetrationAssemblies 53
5.1 ContainmentElectricalPenetrationAssemblies:General
(Informationonthischapterisbasedontherequirementsof
IEEE317) 53
5.2 ServiceClassification 54
5.3 ElectricalDesignRequirements(extractedfromIEEE317) 56
5.4 MechanicalDesignRequirements(ExtractedfromIEEE317) 59
5.5 FireResistanceRequirements(ExtractedfromIEEE317) 61
5.6 QualifiedLife 62
5.7 QualificationTests 62
5.8 DesignTests(ExtractedfromIEEE317) 62
5.9 ProductionTests 67
5.10 MonitoringandTestability 67
QuestionsandProblems 67
References 68
 On-SiteEmergencyAlternatingCurrentSource 71
6.1 GeneralRequirementsoftheEmergencyAlternatingCurrent
Source 71
6.2 GeneralRequirementsofDieselGeneratorsUsedas
EmergencyAlternatingCurrentSource(Informationinthis
chapterisbasedontherequirementsofIEEE387) 72
6.3 SpecificDesignRequirementsforEmergency
DieselGenerators 79
6.4 FactoryQualification 82
6.5 SiteAcceptanceTesting 87
6.6 SitePreoperationalTesting 87
6.7 SiteOperationalTesting 87
Contents ix
6.8 SitePeriodicTestingandSurveillance:PreventiveMaintenance
Program 93
QuestionsandProblems 96
References 97
 On-SiteEmergencyDirectCurrentSource 101
7.1 EnergyStorageSystemsforNuclearGeneratingStations 101
7.2 GeneralRequirementsofDirectCurrentSystems 101
7.3 DesignRequirements 102
7.4 BatteryLoads 103
7.5 ClassificationofLoadsinTermsofPowerversusVoltage
Characteristics 105
7.6 BatteryChargers 111
QuestionsandProblems 112
References 114
 ProtectiveRelaying 115
8.1 General 115
8.2 GeneralCriteriafortheProtectionSystem 115
8.3 SpecificCriteriaforProtectionofAlternatingCurrentSystems 116
8.4 DegradedVoltageProtection 124
8.5 SurgeProtection 128
8.6 ProtectionforInstrumentationandControlPowerSystem 128
8.7 ProtectionAspectsforAuxiliarySystemAutomaticBusTransfer 129
8.8 ProtectionforPrimaryContainmentElectricalPenetration
Assemblies 137
8.9 ProtectionofValveActuatorMotors(DirectGearDriven) 137
8.10 ProtectionforDCSystems 144
8.11 TestingandSurveillanceofProtectiveSystems 144
QuestionsandProblems 145
References 148
 InterfaceoftheNuclearPlantwiththeGrid 151
9.1 PreferredPowerSupplySafetyFunction 151
9.2 InterfacebetweentheNuclearPlantandtheGrid 155
9.3 TransmissionLineandSwitchyardProtectiveRelaying 156
9.4 ConnectionsofthePPStotheClass1ESystems 157
9.5 SwitchyardGrounding 157
9.6 SwitchyardandTransmissionLineSurveillanceandTesting 158
9.7 EffectofPPSVoltageDegradationontheClass1EBus 158
9.8 MultiunitConsiderations 159
9.9 ConsiderationsforPPSReliabilityinaDeregulatedEnvironment 159
9.10 AlternateACSource 162
x Contents
9.11 StudyofRecentEvents 162
QuestionsandProblems 163
References 165
 StationBlackout:IssuesandRegulations 167
10.1 Introduction 167
10.2 RegulationsRelatingtoSBORequirements 168
10.3 SpecificSBORequirements 169
10.4 AlternateAlternatingCurrentPowerSources 170
10.5 ProceduresandTraining 174
10.6 QAandSpecificationsforNonsafety-RelatedEquipment 176
10.7 MonitoringoftheGridCondition 177
QuestionsandProblems 177
References 178
 ReviewofElectricPowerCalculations 181
11.1 Introduction 181
11.2 LoadandVoltageCalculations 181
11.3 MotorStartingCalculations 183
QuestionsandProblems 186
References 188
 PlantLife:EquipmentAging,LifeExtension,
andDecommissioning 189
12.1 NuclearPlantLicensedLife 189
12.2 ImportanceofMaintenance:TheMaintenanceRule(Courtesy
oftheNRC) 189
12.3 MonitoringIssuesAffectingElectricalEquipment,
Transformers,Motors,Cable,ControlEquipment 193
12.4 Cable-MonitoringMethodsandTechniques(CourtesyofNRC) 194
12.5 FurtherInformationonCableTesting 201
12.6 SwitchyardMaintenanceActivities 202
12.7 EmergencyDieselGenerators 202
12.8 Interpretationof“Standby” 202
12.9 NormallyOperatingSSCsofLowSafetySignificance 203
12.10 EstablishingSSC-SpecificPerformanceCriteria 203
12.11 ClarificationofMPFFsRelatedtoDesignDeficiencies 204
12.12 ScopeoftheHazardstobeConsideredduringPowerOperations 204
12.13 ScopeofInitiatorstobeConsideredforShutdownConditions 204
12.14 FireScenarioSuccessPath(s) 205
12.15 EstablishingActionThresholdsBasedonQuantitative
Considerations 205
12.16 SSCsConsideredunder10CFR50.65(a)(1) 205
Contents xi
12.17 InclusionofElectricalDistributionEquipment 206
12.18 TheLicenseRenewalRule 206
12.19 InterpretationofAging 207
12.20 EffectsofPlantAging 207
QuestionsandProblems 208
References 209
 ElectricalandControlSystemsInspections 213
13.1 PurposeofInspections 213
13.2 ObjectivesofInspections 213
13.3 AreasofReview 214
13.4 TypicalApproachtotheReview 214
13.5 AcceptanceCriteria 215
QuestionsandProblems 216
Reference 217
Appendix Abbreviations 219
Appendix Definitions 231
Index 239