electrical installation calculations PDF
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Electrical installation calculations Volume 1 Electrical installation calculations VOLUME 1 S E V E N T H E D I T I O N A. J. Watkins Chris Kitcher AMSTERDAM•BOSTON•HEIDELBERG•LONDON•NEWYORK OXFORD•PARIS•SANDIEGO•SANFRANCISCO SINGAPORE•SYDNEY•TOKYO NewnesisanimprintofElsevier NewnesisanimprintofElsevier LinacreHouse,JordanHill,OxfordOX28DP 30CorporateDrive,BurlingtonMA01803 Firstedition1957 Sixthedition1988 Reprinted2001,2002,2003(twice),2004 Seventhedition2006 Copyright©2006,ChrisKitcherandRussellK.Parton. Allrightsreserved TherightofChrisKitcherandRussellK.Partontobeidentifiedasthe authorsofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988 Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrieval systemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeanselectronic, mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithouttheprior writtenpermissionofthepublisher PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&Technology RightsDepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(+44)(0)1865843830; fax(+44)(0)1865853333;email:[email protected] youcansubmityourrequestonlinebyvisitingtheElsevierwebsiteat http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions,andselectingObtaining permissiontouseElseviermaterial Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/or damagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability, negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods, products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein.Because ofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences,inparticular,independent verificationofdiagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN–13 978-0-7506-6782-1 ISBN–10 0-7506-6782-6 ForinformationonallNewnespublications visitourwebsiteatwww.newnespress.com PrintedandboundinUK 06 07 08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface ix Useofcalculators 1 Simpletranspositionofformulae 3 SIunits 5 Conductorcolouridentification 8 Areas,perimetersandvolumes 11 Spacefactors 15 Coulombsandcurrentflow 24 Circuitcalculations 25 Ohm’slaw 25 Resistorsinseries 27 Resistorsinparallel 30 Seriesandparallelresistors 38 Internalresistance 40 Resistivity 47 Voltagedrop 52 ConductorresistanceandvoltagedropusingOhm’slaw 52 VoltagedropusingBS7671 54 Powerind.c.andpurelyresistivea.c.circuits 56 Mechanics 66 Momentofforce 66 Forceratio 67 Mass,forceandweight 68 Work 69 Theinclinedplane 70 v Thescrewjack 71 Thewheelandaxleprinciple 72 Theblockandtackle 73 Power 74 Efficiency 77 Powerfactor 83 kVA,kVArandkW 83 Transformers 86 Calculations 86 Transformercurrent 88 Electromagneticeffect 89 Magneticfluxandfluxdensity 89 Forceonaconductorwithinamagneticfield 90 Self-inductance 93 Mutualinductance 95 Cableselection 100 Heatincables 100 Disconnectiontimesforfuses 105 Disconnectiontimesforcircuitbreakers 105 Fusingfactors,overloadandfaultcurrent 107 Shortcircuitcurrent 108 Earthfaultloopimpedance 109 Earthfaultloopimpedance,Ze 109 Earthfaultloopimpedance,Zs 111 Materialcosts,discountsandVAT 115 Electrostatics 120 Theparallelplatecapacitor 120 Seriesarrangementofcapacitors 121 Parallelarrangementofcapacitors 122 vi Formulae 126 Work 127 Capacitance 127 Three-phasecalculations 128 Electronicsymbols 131 Glossary 138 Answers 142 vii
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