Electric Power Transformer Engineering - The Electric Power Engineering Hbk

549 Pages·2007·23.82 MB·English

by  James H. Harlow

Electric Power Engineering Handbook
Second Edition
Edited by
Leonard L. Grigsby
Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution
Edited by Leonard L. Grigsby
Electric Power Transformer Engineering, Second Edition
Edited by James H. Harlow
Electric Power Substations Engineering, Second Edition
Edited by John D. McDonald
Power Systems
Edited by Leonard L. Grigsby
Power System Stability and Control
Edited by Leonard L. Grigsby
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Electric Power Engineering Handbook
Second Edition
ELECTRIC POWER
TRANSFORMER ENGINEERING
Second Edition
Edited by
James H. Harlow
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
CRC Press
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© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-9186-5 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-9186-6 (Hardcover)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Power transformer engineering / editor, James H. Harlow. -- 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8493-9186-6 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8493-9186-5 (alk. paper)
1. Electric transformers. I. Harlow, James H. II. Title.
TK2551.E65 2007
621.31’4--dc22 2007010459
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Table of Contents
Preface
Editor
Contributors
1 Theory and Principles
Dennis J. Allan and Harold Moore
2 Power Transformers
H. Jin Sim and Scott H. Digby
3 Distribution Transformers
Dudley L. Galloway and Dan Mulkey
4 Phase-Shifting Transformers
Gustav Preininger
5 Rectifier Transformers
Sheldon P. Kennedy
6 Dry-Type Transformers
Paulette Payne Powell
7 Instrument Transformers
Randy Mullikin
8 Step-Voltage Regulators
Craig A. Colopy
9 Constant-Voltage Transformers
Arindam Maitra, Anish Gaikwad, Arshad Mansoor, Douglas Dorr, and Ralph Ferraro
10 Reactors
Richard F. Dudley, Michael Sharp, Antonio Castanheira, and Behdad B. Biglar
11 Insulating Media
Leo J. Savio, Ted Haupert, and Dave Hanson
12 Electrical Bushings
Loren B. Wagenaar
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13 Load Tap Changers
Dieter Dohnal
14 Loading and Thermal Performance
Robert F. Tillman
15 Transformer Connections
Dan D. Perco
16 Transformer Testing
Shirish P. Mehta and William R. Henning
17 Load-Tap-Change Control and Transformer Paralleling
James H. Harlow
18 Power Transformer Protection
Armando Guzma´n, Hector J. Altuve, and Gabriel Benmouyal
19 Causes and Effects of Transformer Sound Levels
Jeewan L. Puri
20 Transient-Voltage Response
Robert C. Degeneff
21 Transformer Installation and Maintenance
Alan C. Oswalt
22 Problem and Failure Investigation
Wallace B. Binder and Harold Moore
23 On-Line Monitoring of Liquid-Immersed Transformers
Andre Lux
24 United States Power Transformer Equipment Standards and Processes
Philip J. Hopkinson
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Preface
It is appropriate that I first acknowledge my appreciation to Professor Leo Grigsby for inviting me to
prepare the chapter on power transformers for the first edition (2001) of his now very popular Electric
Power Engineering Handbook. From this evolved the recognition that two chapters from the 2001
Handbook, those for (1) substations and (2) transformers, could be extracted, expanded, and be offered
as stand-alone books while retaining the composite association with Professor Grigsby’s overall work.
Thus, the first edition of Electric Power Transformer Engineering was offered by CRC Press in 2004.
As editor of the book, my charge to the chapter authors was to direct their messages to engineers who
know the basic physics, or applications, or possess a hands-on working knowledge of power transfor-
mers. Thus, it is believed that all persons with a power transformer background experience, be they
merely curious, seasoned professionals, or acknowledged experts, will find much in the book with which
to relate, and that all such readers will glean material appropriate to their individual degree of expertise.
The book is divided into three groups:
Chapter 1. Theory and Principles
Illustrates to electrical engineers the relevant theories and principles (concepts and mathematics) of
power transformers
Chapters 2 through 10
Devote a complete chapter to each of nine particular embodiments of power transformers and closely
related apparatus
. Power Transformers
. Distribution Transformers
. Phase-Shifting Transformers
. Rectifier Transformers
. Dry-Type Transformers
. Instrument Transformers
. Step-Voltage Regulators
. Constant-Voltage Transformers
. Reactors
Chapters 11 through 24
Delves into 14 ancillary topics that are fundamental to the operation or design of the basic transformer
. Insulating Media
. Electrical Bushings
. Load Tap Changers
. Loading and Thermal Performance
. Transformer Connections
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.
Transformer Testing
.
Load-Tap-Change Control and Transformer Paralleling
.
Power Transformer Protection
.
Causes and Effects of Transformer Sound Levels
.
Transient-Voltage Response
.
Transformer Installation and Maintenance
.
Problem and Failure Investigation
.
On-Line Monitoring of Liquid-Immersed Transformers
.
United States Power Transformer Equipment Standards and Processes
Typical of each chapter are photographs, equations, and tabular data appropriate to the discussion.
For my part, the manner in which I have been most useful to the production of this book is simply by
virtue of the long-standing (and always most enjoyable) association I have had with the experts who are
the chapter authors. Each author has enthusiastically supported the effort. This reveals a window into
the unselfish attitude of the community of power transformer engineers, without whom this book would
not have been possible.
James H. Harlow
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Editor
James H. Harlow is self-employed as principal of Harlow Engineering Associates, consulting to the
electric power industry since 1996. Before this, he had 34 years of industry experience with Siemens (and
its predecessor company Allis-Chalmers) and Beckwith Electric. While at these firms, he managed or
conducted groundbreaking projects that blended electronics into power transformer applications. Two
such projects were the introduction of the first intelligent electronic device used in quantity in utility
substation environments and a power-thyristor-based product for arc mitigation for load tap changing
in power step-voltage regulators.
Harlow received his BSEE from Lafayette College, MBA (statistics) from Jacksonville State University,
and MS (electric power) from Mississippi State University. In 1982, he joined the IEEE–PES Transform-
ers Committee serving in various capacities before becoming an officer, culminating as chair of the
committee (1994–1995). In this capacity, he exercised oversight of all power transformer standards
sponsored by the IEEE. During this period, he served on the IEEE delegation to the ANSI C57 Main
Committee (Transformers). As chair of the transformers committee, he was a member of the IEEE–PES
Technical Council, the assemblage of leaders of the 17 technical committees that comprise the IEEE
Power Engineering Society. His continued involvement led to serving as PES vice president of technical
activities and chair of the technical council during 2001–2002.
Harlow has authored more than 30 technical articles and papers besides serving as editor of the
transformer section of the 2001 edition of The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, CRC Press. His
editorial contribution within this handbook is the section on his specialty, ‘‘LTC Control and Trans-
former Paralleling.’’ A holder of five U.S. patents, Harlow is a registered professional engineer and a life
senior member of the IEEE.
ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.