EKSTRAKSI Ml NY AK KACANG T ANAH SECARA COUNTER CURRENT MUL TIT AHAP

36 Pages·2017·1.52 MB·Indonesian

EKSTRAKSMIlN YA K KACANGT ANAH
SECARAC OUNTERC URRENTM ULT IATH AP
MENGGUNAANP ELARUNT- HEKSANA
Disusuonl eh:
Susiana PrasSe tyo
A.P rimaK
i_ucy N
KartikHa
Dip o
LEMBAGA PENELITIADNA N PENGABDIAN
KEPADAM ASYARAKAT
UNIVERSITAKSA TOLIKP ARAHYANGAN
BANDUNG
2006
DAFTAII{S i
l!ALAMAN JUDUL... ................................ ................. ................
DAFTAR IS.i.. ........................................................................... ..... .....11
DAl·TGAARM BAR ........... ... l\
DAFTATRA nJ:L ... ......... v
JlJ\Il PlL NDAJI ULUJ\N. ........................ ....... .........
1.P1c ranlacnn 1adka n1 11inybaakgn 1ia nu.s.i.a. .......... .....
1.K2o moditkia cantga nadhi I ndone.s.i..a...................2
1.p·3c n1ann1aktaacna ntga na.h.. _. ............. 3
1.K4c unggnu1lianynka ka catnanga dhi banding1k1a1ni nynaakb ati ()
lainyna.. ............ ,.. .....................................................................
llJ\IBI I SOLASIM INYAK KJ\CJ\NTGA NA!!. ........................................... 7
2.P1c ngotmoirn yadk aalm prosiseolassi ... ................ ........................ . 7
2.l. l M a ladma fn( )isipcflo..a.l.. . .................................................. . 7
2.1.P2i g me n. .............................................................. . 7
2.1.A3s amlc mak.. ............................................... 7
2.M2c toidsco lmaisniy.. a k. . . . . . . . . . . . .8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......
2.2R.e1n deri.n.g...................................................... 8. ......
2.2l.'2c ngcmatp aapuac nn gcpr.c .s a.n . ... .. . . .. . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .
.
2.2E.k3s trmacknsgig unpacklaan..r u.t . . . . .. . ..9 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
2.P3c murniranni n.y...a. .. k . . . . . . . . . . . .... ... I .. 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3P.c!n gcnd(aseptatnld inagpn)c misaha(dne gguummmi .n.g.).1.0
2.3N.c2t ral...i..s..as.i.. ............ ........... ..... ... . . .... ... . .. ..1 1. . .
. ........ .
2.3P.c3m uca(btlaena ching).....................................................1.!.. ....
2.3P.e4n ghilbaan(ugd eaond oriz.i..n.g..)............................1 2
. . . . . . . . . . .1 .4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BAB IIEIK STRAKSIP AD AT CAIR
.
3!.P rinsip 14
.............................................................................................
3.W2a ktkuc setim.b.a..n. g. ..a.. n. ... ... ...... . .... . . ...... . .. . ... ... .1 5. . .
.
3_K.u3r vkae setim.b..a...n..g...a..n. ..................... ............1 ..6 . ..
ll
llAIlV3B AI! AND ANi vffTOD.F. .................................................... ..1.8
4.B1a h.a.n.. . ... l 8
4.P2c ral.a.t.an 18
4.M3c todolpocgnic l.i.t.i..a..n.. .... ..... 18
4.3i.'1c rsbiaahpabanan k .u. ...... ....... 18
4.3P.c2n 1bukautrasvnta u nnd1airn kyaacka tnagn .a..h. .... I
. CJ
4.3P.c3n 1buknutrakvnca s ctin1bangan. ..e..k...s...t...r ..a.2k.0s i .....
4.3E.k4s trnmkuslit i cto1a1nhlaerp c1 1rre111 21
Jl;V\ 1I3 L!\DSA!IN.P FMl3AHASAN. 26
5.1 miyna kka catnagan hp adcak strtaakhstaiup n g.g.a l.. . .2 .6 .
Yield
5.1P.c1n garraushFi :otS c rhadampi nykaakc atnaghn .a...2 6
yield
5.1.2.Pckncgcacrpuaphte anng adutkearnh aydiaelpmd i nvak2 7
kacang tanah
5.E2k strmauklsttiai h cao1p1 11rer-c11r.r.e.n.r. ....................2.7.
.
5. 2.Yi1e lmdi yna kka catnagn .a..h.. .................................... ..2.8. ...
5.2.2.Efitsaihccaknpss tir .a.k..s..i... ................................... .. .2.CJ. ...
BABV IK !OSIMPUDLAANNS ARAN. ................ 30
.
6.K1c simlpaun.......................................... .... . ... .. . . . . 3. 0. . .
6.S2a ran.............................................................3..0. .......
J)Al��PTl'JASJ'{r AKA.................................................3..1.. ...........
Ill
DAFTA R GAMBAR
Gamba1r. 1B ikjaic ang tanah "
.)
Gamba3r. lD iagraaml icrk strapkasdia tc-aitra hatpu nggal 16
Gamhar D3i.a2gr aaml iprr osepse rsiapan bbaakhua n 22
(;atn3b.3a Lr) iagran1 alir ckstturlaaknsig kolagcn
Gamba4r. 1D iagraaml iprc rsiabpaahna bna ku 19
Gamba4r. 2D iagraaml iprc rnbuaktuarnv kaa librkaosnis cntrasi 20
Minyakka cantga nathc rhacilnadpe kbsi as
Gamha4r.3 I'roscdpucrrn buatkaunr vkac sctimbancgkasnt raskissit cm 2 I
tT1inkyaacka ntga na-hh eksanpaa <l2a5 °(�
Gamha4r. 4S istecmk stramkusltii tahcaopu ntceurr rent 22
Gamba4r. �D iagraaml icrk stramkuslit itachoa1p1 111er-c11rren1
Gamba5r. 1K urvkac sctimbanmgianny akka cantga na-h·h·e ksana 28
IV
DAFTART ABI�L
Tabcll. l Kon1poskiascia ntga nah 4
Tabc2l. 1 Standmairn yakka cantga nah 13
Tab3c.l1 Rancangan pcrCc'oobmapaons Dietsei g(nC CD) 20
Tahe3l. 2 Tcrnpuhapne nc li tian 20
Tabd5 .l Yie/1(n/i nykaakc antgn nnh 26
Tabc5l. 2 Yielmdi ny akk acantga nachk strackosuin tceurr remnutl ttia ha2p8
Tahc5l. 3 Eflsietnashiac pk strackosuin ter cumrurlettniat h ap 29
v
BABI
PENDAHULUAN
J>cralncann1d aaln1< 1 1ibnaygamika 11usia
1.1
Lcmamke rneganpgc ranapnc ntic1l1a;l;rna cmt abolimsamkch luhki dup.
Namun,k onsurnlscim ayka ngb erlebidhaapna 1t1 1cru;ksciskeah1a1ll aunb uli.
Saailn ui1 11nartn nusmica1 1ggu11aknn4 h0ja u1t1ta1o pnpi errt ahulnc rnadka 11
minyakb,a ikl ernakn abatrnia upunk mak hcwaniH.a li nim cnunjukkan
pcntingpneynam ani nclulsclnrrnick l amni nyakb,a ihkc wanrnia upt111 nabali
yangt idadka paltc padsa rkic hidtirnpaannu sia.
Lcmakd alam1 1wkandaa1p1a btc rbcntpuakd amta upunc air( biasa
dikcndaeln zasnc butrnainn yakK)c.d ubac ntulkc maikn dia padli barn;sin jadi
:
dua kelompoky aitul cmak jenuh dan Jernatki clakj cnuh.
!htt/pi:d/. inahcarIt ?.po=Jr4 .]i d
Lcmakj cnumhc n;;a;ndunags aml crnajke nuh. J\placbmialjkac niisn i
clikonsudrnaslia mj umlabhc rlcbihan, dapal rnkeandiankrgo klaetsktacnr ol
da!adrna rahB.a hann rnkanayna ngm cngandulnczrn ajkc nuahd ala:mh i nyak
kelapkac,j kuc racsl,a lne rnahke wani.
Lemakt akj enuthe rdidrairl ie rnatka kj el1t\ulnhg gdaaln l emakt ak
jenuzha ndaL.e makt akj enuthu ngzmaelm beriksaend ikpictn zartuehr hadap
peningkaktaadna kro lestdearroalhB .a harnna kanayna ngrn cngandulnezr nak
takj cnuthu nszal adrnailnayhza aki tun, mbiinjykiaa kp asr,n inywaikj en,
minyakke lapsaa wiSte.d angklaenm atka kj enugha ndrnae mpunyapie ngaruh
terhadpaepn urunkaand akro lestdearroalBh a.h amna kanayna ngm enzandung
lernatka kj enugha ndaa dala:hm inyajka zunmzi,n yarnpke seed,m inyak
kedelmaiin,y akka cantza namhi,n yabk\ jbiu ngmaa tahadrain,m inyaikk an.
Untuki tulpaahd ap cnelitiinaidn i fokuspkaadna k acantga nayha ng
memilikkain dungaasna rlne rnatka kj enugha ndyaa ngc ukutpi nsszeih insza
rninyakka cantga naihn i sapnogtaetn suinatlu dki kembangrnkcannj adsia lah
sataul tcrnkaotmiofd ilteirn aky angm enyehatkbaanz im anusiSae.l aiint u,
2
kacantga namhe rupaksaanl asha tsuu mbcprr otenianb aytain gc ukuppe nt ing
dalamp olmae num akanp cndmludki I ndonesdican,g akna mlungalne mak
nabaytain gc ukutpi n�y<;aii,ts uc kit5a0%r .[ BernardiEnrin,c st9o8,3l1 .
12.K omoditkiac antga nadh iI ndonesia
Indonesia dikennaclg asrycaab nagmg camii likkcia nckaragaman hayati
tin;tz,gcir,m askueka nckara;h1,aasniipalc1 r1k ebunSaunm.b cdra yai nsie bagian
J·cldnih1 11n11fsneaclaknraynna taan,t arlaa ipna di, pisani�, kcdcainp ir, 111clati,
ladaT.c tadpiil aipni habkc,b crakpoam odiltaii mna sibhc lutdni manfaatkan
sccaroap timaUln.t 1tikl tdti pcrlumkeant odyca 11t;c1,p a;t1,,u rmnc1n golah
komoclyiatnig p otcnsiinails chin;1,<,\cal aparntc ningkatnkiilma tia rnbah
komodittcir selTnairnt1.m a11x11 11m;c1,lainp uti ,p1a<c1l;1,is1,orn rg;,1, 1kuc1d1c,l ai,
kacanh;i1,j auk,a cant;a.;n ahu,b ij alaurb,i k ayuk,a can;1,-kacmainngoarn
(kacatnu,n<;;� 1,kHakc,a nk;o1,r oc)l,a unb i-ubimainn or( uwi:,� anibta,l itm1g,
!ala;s.;,a dtrndga,ng crnbilFi')a.dp ac nclitaikaannd ifokuspkaadna k omodili
kacantsa nah.
Biji-bijitaann acmlapanor lio ng-polomnegraunp aksaanl asha tsuu mbct'
protenianb aytain g pcnbtaignmiga nusikaa rcnkaa ndtrngparno tecilnaa ns am
an1i1e1s0c nsialynayna�c ;u kupt in��t�eir�u t:laJ71.1S1'laJJ iIi1n .d o11eksaicaa,n (c�
tmrnh( /trnhcyhp';i<;s�(C!I L .m)c rupaksaanl ah ksoarnloud iytain gd iminadtain
J9 69,
bcrkembang speccsaaSrtea.j ak proclucklsapinr oduktikvaictaanstg a nah
nasionmacln ingktaetr uclsa nm erupakkaonm oditteir pentsicnlga kicnd clai.
Hali nirn embawaI ndonesrniean empaptois isseib agsaail asha tpue nghasil
kacantga nathe rbesdaiAr s iab,a hkadni p asaran dIunndioan ebseirah asil
mcnebudsa latmu juh bpeesnagrh aksaicla ntga nathe rbesdaidr u nisae tclah
IndiCai,n aN,i gerSiean,e gaUlS,A ,d anB razi[ll.b arAzl,b cradn dG ustavVo. ,
2003]
Nanum iromsnyIan,d onesjiuas trtue rmasunke garap engimpor
beberapprao duokl ahakna cantga nahK.a cantga nathe rsecbluite kscploarl am
bcntumke ntahnsycah ingpgearn anfaataknunryaan ogp timcalla tne ntsua ja
berdampak pada kecilnyay annigdl iacil atpaamtbHkaaahlni .n id isebabkan
karcnpae ngolakhaacna ntga nadhi I ndonebseilau m bancylaikk ednaanlt idak
optimaslc hingtgiad adka patr nengimbapnrgoid uktivityaasnngsy aan gat
berlimpaSha.l ahs atuk andungakna cangt anahy angp otensiuanlt uk
dikembangakdaanl amhi nyakka cantga nayha ngs clamian ih anya menjadi
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produske kunrd.e! a'dap enclitiinaian k and ilakukuasna hpae ngolahkaamc ang
lanahm cnjaddiu a produkU l\"'<z,ulyaani t:u minyakk acangt anahy ang
111c111bielbiekria pkae unggulan dibandmiinngykaaknn abatIia innysac rta
kacanb;e;;l msJ enrnyka ngd apal dioJleabhiJ ha njurnli,s alnmyean jadoin com
ataupupnr oduukn sgulaIna innya.
1.3P cmanfaatakna cantga nah
Kacangt anah( 1lrnc/1il' (l!LJ.'}M)eJ ffO./)'{ Cdb erasall \draarsii lia.
FcnycbnrandniyI an donescilai rnuollaeihp eda:;aPno;rst u:y?ains,n (1se 1nba\va
kiicatnagn akhc M alukup acltaa l11l1 n8 5S�aaJl.i n ip,u laJua wa1 naupakan
senlrpar odukksaic angt anahd i Indones(i8a :%'>) .Ta naman kacatna;n;;a h
dapatb ergunuan tuk1 11cmbanmleun yub111·lkaanna hk,a rcnpaa daa knrnva
lerclapal bRafktueiroib yiaunmgd apalm empcrkaya kandunni;t;;raong en
dalamt anah.
Kaca;1tga nahb erdasarkpaenn gerliSaNn! a dalahha sicll artia naman
i\rachhiysp ogacLa b erupa( polonagt)a uwos(cb ijyia)n gs 1u1adhi bcrsihkan
1.1
dand ikeringkBainjk.ia cantga nadha padti lihpaatd aG arnbar scdangkan
komposisi kbaic.aini; lsa nahd apatd ilihaatp da Tabcll .l . [llJjp:(/
\.Y\.Y\.Y,;;raud fao o&odrnb nci.oJlc§if!LciWc aI wIo r I d. £Lml
Gambar1 .1B.i jkia cantga nah
4
Ta!J1C.I1 K.o mposiksaic antga nah
l0 05; rd arKia cankge ring Mcntah
149<J
Protein
LcmakT akJcnuh 2196
LcnrnJken u h I0 9<1
Karbohidrat 296
Saal 8\li
( /0
Kcilcsterol o·x)
Vil<lrnI:i n ;;_' )' ) ri;\\I)
Niacin I :J\X)
iVl.i\'Sil11C1S1i1 J2 '\�
Folatc J01X1
1O t/;1
Copper
I o�v)
Phosphorous
'
IO l){,
Pott1ssiun1
Thimai n 89·6
Seng (tll
) /\) J
Ilcsi L1 ')()
Kalsuirn 21}6
l-lampsierrn uab agiakna cangt anahd apatd irnanfaatkmaunl,a id ari
bijik,u lidta n dau nnya.B ijkia cangt anahm cngandunkga darl emakd an
protetiinn ggKia.n dungapnr otekianc antga naht erdidrair ais am-asaamm ino
esensisaelp cratrig inifnc,n ilalahniisnt,i diisno,l euslienu,s ilni,s irnne,t ionin,
1G -50%7,G -86%
triptofdaann, valinK.a ndungalne maknysae besar di
antaranaydaa laahs arnl emakt idajke nuhs eperatsia mo leadta n linolcat.
Kacangt: anahrn cngandunagn toik sidayna,i tsue nyawtao koferosle,l aiint u
mcngandung arakhiddaonnm aitn,e ra(lk alsiumrna,g nesiupm,h osphodra,n
sulfur), serta (rviibtoafmliantv hiina,n ians,a mn ikotinviikt,a miEn, d an
vit am inA ).
Biji kactaannga hda padti olalhe bilha njuste bagabiu mbup ecelk,u e,
cakes,e lakia candga nm inyakM.i nyakk acantga nadha padti ekstrdakasrbiii ji
kacantga nahd anb iasdai olah lebihm elnajnajduritn inyagko rengrn,e ntega,
s
bahacna mpurknuncb ,a hacna mpurknons mcbtaihka,bn a kfua rrnadsain,
minypaekl ummacss idni esel.
Ampaksa catnagn a(hb iasmaenryuap akans iseak strmaiknsyia k
CHkc
kacatnagn adha)p at dbiubnugaaklli alou n comme laflcunin enjtaamsuDiri .
l>Jdonpccsmiaan,f akaatcaantn agn ahha nytae rbamtcansj akdaic agnagr ing
ataguu lkaa canPgad.a bhiakjlai c atnagn adha pdaito llaehbl iahn jmuetn jadi
prnduukn ggulsaenpc,:sr etlikaaic ang, kgeumlbkaaa,nc gaa nsgi cnl,ka na cang
sang,grnBia.h kdaiIn n dbiiakj,ai c atnagn daiho lrnachn jasduisp ue n:;s:u1,saun ti
sa1p.
Kulkiatc atnagn jauhg dan pdaitm anfasactbkaaugnna tiub ka habna kar
ntaupun bahan dpacl1ap1mec mab1u1a1ptpaaupnra n Selaiitnu ,
hr11ribodrd
kulkiatc atnagn ah djaupgdaait m anfasaetbkaasgnua mib scerl ulosa clan scrat
atm1p1m ddiapepragtu sncabkaap:na1, kaaitn e rnDaaku.kn a cang stcalnaaihn
sebasgaayiu rrnaenn t(a!hpa alnaj) u gdaa pat digsuenbaabkgaaahnia p na kan
lcnrsnckrp tuap uhki jau.
Kacang tanhaahn ydJaii kdeadnkiaI ln donensaimauj,nu gdain egara·
negalraai dne,n gbacnb crsaepbau taannt alraai: kn a ca1n1g1 k1aac,a snugu k,
kacajnegb rkoalc,a bnagn duknagc,a tnugb akna,c aknogl kei,i cbaenn;ss, 'l,ala,
kacacni:n�ka a,c abnrgok la,c abnrgu <diaunl at au
"pec111t/1?tl '<}ttJJliJ111/-'�
Il asriils mcclm mjukkbaanh wsac kclomoproakny ga ngrn crnpunyai
kebiasmaeanng konskuamcsaitn agn amhe mpunykaeim ungklienbainh kccil
lcrkesnear angpaenn yakjiatn tunKga.c ang tcalnaasnhc lakia cang
mcngandpurnogt neaibnay tainb ge rkuatliintgJagisikd .ai bandidnegnkgaann
makansaenj eknaicsa,tn agn amhe milliekbibi ahn yak pIr-niJtnacpilic nn.t ing
untupke rtumbaunhaavkne, g etadraina no yraannmgge maksaend idkaizti ng.
DalaIm0 0g raamt asue genggarn pent aunham hek nagcaanndg2u ng
grasmc rnHta.il n siu damhc mcnu8h%ik ebtuuhasne rsaett hiaarpSi e.l aiitnu ,
100g rakma catnagn amhe ngand2u5n%gd arkic butuvhiatna mE isnc tiap
harVii.t amE tienl taehr bsuckbtaiag natii okysainddgaa np maetn gmarncgsii ko
pcnyajkaintt uknogr onKearc.a ng mtearnuapha skuamnb er penting mineral
sepcMratgin,e sicuomp,p eprho,s ppoort,a ssciluasmne nBge.b ermaipnae ral
sepertid acnmo apgpneers siuusmda iht emudkaalnam ma kanan ldaaipna,t dan
mencegtaihr nbuplennyyaaj kaintt uknogr onKearc.a tnagn jauhg mae rupakan
surnvbietra Bmy iann bge rguna rnuenntcuekgc aahcj aatn dianl akma ndungan.