Eileen R. Choffnes, LeighAnne Olsen, and Alison Mack, Rapporteurs Forum on Microbial Threats ...

548 Pages·2014·7 MB·English

Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary
Eileen R. Choffnes, LeighAnne Olsen, and Alison Mack,
Rapporteurs
Forum on Microbial Threats
Board on Global Health
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary
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and the Institute of Medicine.
Financial support for this activity was provided by the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infec-
tious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Food and Drug Administra-
tion, and the Fogarty International Center; U.S. Department of Defense: Armed Forces
Health Surveillance Center, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and Medical Research and
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Department of Veterans Affairs; U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Agency
for International Development; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences;
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; American Society for Microbiology; Burroughs Wellcome
Fund; GlaxoSmithKline; Infectious Diseases Society of America; Johnson & Johnson;
Merck Company Foundation; and sanofi pasteur. The views presented in this publication
do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support
for this activity.
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International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-29062-7
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Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2014. Microbial ecology in states of health
and disease: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary
“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.”
—Goethe
Advising the Nation. Improving Health.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary
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Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary
PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR A WORKSHOP ON
MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN STATES OF HEALTH AND DISEASE1
ARTURO CASADEVALL, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx,
New York
EDUARDO GOTUZZO, Instituto de Medicina Tropical–Alexander von
Humboldt, Universidad Peruaña Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
JO HANDELSMAN, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
JAMES M. HUGHES, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
DAVID A. RELMAN, Stanford University and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto
Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
P. FREDERICK SPARLING, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina
1 Institute of Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop,
identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary
rests solely with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
v
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary
FORUM ON MICROBIAL THREATS1
DAVID A. RELMAN (Chair), Stanford University, and Veterans Affairs Palo
Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
JAMES M. HUGHES (Vice-Chair), Global Infectious Diseases Program,
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
LONNIE J. KING (Vice-Chair), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
KEVIN ANDERSON, Biological and Chemical Defense Division, Science
and Technology Directorate, Department of Homeland Security,
Washington, DC
ENRIQUETA C. BOND, Burroughs Wellcome Fund (Emeritus), QE
Philanthropic Advisors, Marshall, Virginia
ROGER G. BREEZE, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore,
California
JOHN E. BURRIS,2 Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
ARTURO CASADEVALL, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva
University, Bronx, New York
ANDREW CLEMENTS, U.S. Agency for International Development,
Washington, DC
PETER DASZAK, EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York
JEFFREY S. DUCHIN, Public Health–Seattle and King County, Seattle,
Washington
JONATHAN EISEN, Genome Center, University of California, Davis,
California
RALPH L. ERICKSON,3 Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Silver Spring, Maryland
MARK B. FEINBERG, Merck Vaccine Division, Merck & Co., Inc.,
West Point, Pennsylvania
JACQUELINE FLETCHER, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
CLAIRE FRASER, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
JESSE L. GOODMAN, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland
EDUARDO GOTUZZO, Instituto de Medicina Tropical–Alexander von
Humboldt, Universidad Peruaña Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
CAROLE A. HEILMAN, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
DAVID L. HEYMANN, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
1 Institute of Medicine forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual docu-
ments. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs
and the institution.
2 Forum member until October 18, 2013.
3 Forum member until June 30, 2013.
vi
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary
ZHI HONG,4 GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
PHILIP HOSBACH, sanofi pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
STEPHEN ALBERT JOHNSTON, Arizona BioDesign Institute, Arizona
State University, Tempe, Arizona
KENT KESTER,5 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,
Bethesda, Maryland
GERALD T. KEUSCH, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston
University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
RIMA F. KHABBAZ, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta,
Georgia
MARK KORTEPETER,6 Uniformed Services University of the Health
Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
STANLEY M. LEMON, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina
MARGARET J. McFALL-NGAI, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin
EDWARD McSWEEGAN, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
PAULA J. OLSIEWSKI, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, New York, New York
JULIE PAVLIN, Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring,
Maryland
GEORGE POSTE, Complex Adaptive Systems Initiative, Arizona State
University, SkySong, Scottsdale, Arizona
DAVID RIZZO, University of California, Davis, California
GARY A. ROSELLE, Veterans Health Administration, Department of
Veterans Affairs, Cincinnati, Ohio
KEVIN RUSSELL, Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring,
Maryland
JANET SHOEMAKER, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC
JAY P. SIEGEL,7 Johnson & Johnson, Radnor, Pennsylvania
P. FREDERICK SPARLING, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina
MARY E. WILSON, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University,
Boston, Massachusetts
EDWARD H. YOU,8 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC
4 Forum member until October 18, 2013.
5 Retired as of December 31, 2013.
6 Forum member since January 15, 2014.
7 Forum member since January 15, 2014.
8 Forum member since July 1, 2013.
vii
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary
IOM Staff
EILEEN CHOFFNES, Scholar and Director
LEIGHANNE OLSEN,9 Program Officer
KATHERINE McCLURE, Associate Program Officer
REBEKAH HUTTON, Research Associate
CHARLEE ALEXANDER,10 Senior Program Assistant
JOANNA ROBERTS,11 Senior Program Assistant (Temp)
9 Staff member until August 15, 2013.
10 Staff member from April 1 to November 15, 2013.
11 Staff member since November 1, 2013.
viii
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary
BOARD ON GLOBAL HEALTH1
THOMAS C. QUINN (Chair), Associate Director for International Research,
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Professor of Medicine, International Health, Epidemiology, and
Molecular Biology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
JO IVEY BOUFFORD (IOM Foreign Secretary), President, New York
Academy of Medicine, New York
CLAIRE V. BROOME, Adjunct Professor, Division of Global Health, Rollins
School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
JACQUELYN C. CAMPBELL, Anna D. Wolf Chair, and Professor, Johns
Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
THOMAS J. COATES, Michael and Sue Steinberg Professor of Global AIDS,
Research Co-Director, UC Global Health Institute, David Geffen School of
Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
GARY DARMSTADT, Director, Family Health Division, Global Health
Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington
VALENTIN FUSTER, Director, Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Kravis
Cardiovascular Health Center, Professor of Cardiology, Mount Sinai
School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
JACOB A. GAYLE, Vice President, Community Affairs, Executive Director,
Medtronic Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
GLENDA E. GRAY, Executive Director, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris
Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Diepkloof,
South Africa
STEPHEN W. HARGARTEN, Associate Dean, Global Health Program,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
PETER J. HOTEZ, Professor of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and
Microbiology, Texas Children’s Hospital Endowed Chair of Tropical
Pediatrics, President, Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children’s Center
for Vaccine Development, Dean, National School of Tropical Medicine,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
CLARION JOHNSON, Consultant, Exxon Mobil, Fairfax, Virginia
FITZHUGH MULLAN, Professor, Department of Health Policy, The George
Washington University, Washington, DC
OLUFUNMILAYO F. OLOPADE, Walter L. Palmer Distinguished Service
Professor of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
1 Institute of Medicine boards do not review or approve individual workshop summaries. The
responsibility for the content of the workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the
institution.
ix
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary
GUY PALMER, Regents Professor of Pathology and Infectious Diseases,
Director of the School for Global Animal Health, Washington State
University, Pullman, Washington
IOM Staff
PATRICK KELLEY, Director
ANGELA CHRISTIAN, Program Associate
x
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.