Eight New and Four Newly Recorded Species of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Korea

2012·1.7 MB·

by  Han Il Ree

Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 28, No. 4: 241-260, October 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2012.28.4.241
Short communication
Eight New and Four Newly Recorded Species of
Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Korea
Han Il Ree*
Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank,
Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
ABSTRACT
Adult chironomids were collected by various methods, such as light traps, sweeping on grasses, aspiration of
light-attracted adults, and sweeping of swarming males with insect nets at various localities. All collected spe-
cimens were slide-mounted and identified. I report eight species new to science: Chironomus jangchungensis
n. sp., Demicryptochironomus paracamptolabisn. sp., Demicryptochironomus wontongensis n. sp., Microten-
dipes paratamagoutin. sp., Polypedilum macrohemispheren. sp., Eukiefferiella busanensisn. sp., Psectrocla-
dius paratogaminimus n. sp., and Pseudosmittia seosanian. sp. I also report four species for the first time in
Korea: Chironomus fujiprimus Sasa, Pentapedilum convexum Johannsen, Tanytarsus smolandicus Brundin,
and Tanytarsus oyamai Sasa. All species are fully described with illustrations. This is the first report of the
genera Eukiefferiellaand Pseudosmittia in Korea.
Keywords:chironomidae, taxonomy, new record, new species, Korea
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS
There are numerous species of non-biting midges(Diptera: Chironomid adults were collected by sweeping with an insect
Chironomidae). Chironomid larvae develop in almost all net on grasses around breeding places during daytime hours.
kinds of water sources. Because of their enormous numbers, Swarming males were collected by sweeping an insect net
fast growth and short life span, they are well-known nuisance in the evenings. Light traps were operated at night. Chirono-
insects, and also play an important role in allergic diseases mid adults attracted to light and resting on the walls and win-
(Kay et al., 1978; Lee et al., 1995; Yong et al., 1999). Very dows of stores, restaurants, and official buildings were aspi-
little historical information about Korean chironomids was rated using a sucking tube. The collected specimens were
available. In 1968, only one species of Chironomidae, Chiro- preserved in 75% ethanol.
nomus plumosus prasimus, was listed(without any references) The antennae, head, wings, abdomen and hypopygium of
in the Nomina Animalium Koreanorum, II. Insecta, which each specimen preserved in 75% ethanol was dissected using
was published by the Zoological Society of Korea. Ree and two fine dissecting needles under a stereomicroscope, and
Kim(1981) reported 31 species of Chironomidae, including mounted on either phenol balsam mounting media or Hoyer’s
six new species from 45 different localities in Korea, repre- solution. Terminology follows Sæther(1980).
senting the first taxonomic study of Korean Chironomidae. Measurements of slide mounted specimens were obtained
Since then, 34 new and 68 unrecorded species of Chirono- from observing the specimens with a compound microscope
midae have been reported in 19 scientic papers published equipped with a micrometer. The values were transformed
during the period of 1988-2012. In this report, I extend the to mm or μm using the scale of the micrometer. The length
fauna of Korean Chironomidae to 145 species, 54 genera, of the wing was measured from the apex of the wing to the
and 5 subfemilies. acrista, which represents the size of the body. The antennal
ratio(AR) was calculated by dividing the length of the long-
est flagellar segment plus any segment distal to it by the
cc This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative *To whom correspondence should be addressed
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pISSN 2234-6953 eISSN 2234-8190 Copyright The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology
Han Il Ree
combind length of the remaining segments of the flagellum, Superior volsella(Fig. 1D) bare, rather long, horn-shaped,
not including the pedicel. Leg ratio(LR) was calculated by abruptly bent at tip, with 7-8 setae basally, Inferior volsella
dividing the length of the first tarsal segment by the length of cylindrical, with 30-36 recurved setae. Gonostylus yellow-
the tibia of the fore leg. Abbreviations used for wing length, ish dark brown, tapered apically, with 12-14 setae irregu-
radius-medial cross veins, and forked Cu are WL, RM, and larly arising on inner-lateral tip. Anal tergite with 36-40
FCu, respectively. apical and median setae; anal tergite band V-type, sclerotiz-
The type specimens were deposited in the collection of ed, and darkened.
Arthropods of Medical Importance Resourse Bank, Depart- Female. Same as male, except for the usual sexual differ-
ment of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University. ences. Antenna(Fig. 1E) pale orange yellow, with 5 seg-
ments(1st and 2nd segments fused): 93, 61, 61, 61, 168μm.
Cercus as shown in Fig. 1F. WL 4.2mm.
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS Distribution.Japan, Korea.
Remarks. All antennae of the examined specimens were
Order Diptera lost, so the AR could not measured. The reported AR of the
Family Chironomidae Holiday Japanese specimens is 3.57(Sasa, 1985). The key characters
Subfamily Chironominae Macquart of Korean specimens are consistent with those of Japanese
Genus Chironomus Meigen specimens except for a small difference in the LR value(1.30
vs. 1.45, respectively).
1*Chironomus fujiprimusSasa, 1985(Fig. 1)
Chironomus fujiprimus Sasa, 1985: 104; Sasa and Kawai, 2*Chironomus jangchungensis sp. nov.(Fig. 2)
1987: 10.
Material examined.Holotype: �(RCH-6203), Korea: Seoul,
Material examined. 20��, 6♀♀, Korea: Gyeonggi-do, Jung-gu, Jangchung-dong, 8 Oct 1979, Ree HI. Paratypes:
Yoju-gun, Gumsa-myeon, 29 Sep 2009, Song KH. 10��, same as holotype.
Diagnosis. Greenish yellow, large species(WL 4.0mm). Diagnosis. Pale yellow, medium to large species(WL 3.15
Superior volsella hooked at tip, with 7-8 setae at base. Gono- mm). Anal tergite produced distally, with 12-14 short, pale
stylus tapered apically, with 12-14 irrgular setae on inner- apical setae and 11 long pale median setae. Anal point mod-
lateral tip. LR 1.30. erately long, bent upward. Apical bare blade of superior vol-
Description(male). Head: Eye bare, strongly produced sella with broad, round apex, abruptly bent upward, and 4-
dorsomedially. Frontal tubercle rather small, tip narrowed, 5 irregularly arranged setae at base. AR 2.91. LR 1.62.
forming nipple shape(Fig. 1B). Clypeus yellow, with 32- Description(male). Head: Eye bare, produced dorsome-
35 setae. Palp pale dark brown, with 4 segments: 83, 259, dially. Antenna yellowish brown, with 11 segments. AR
259, 403μm(1:3.1:3.1:4.9). Thorax:Greenish yellow in 2.91. Frontal tubercle moderately large(Fig. 2B). Palp pale
ground color. Antepronotum yellow, well developed, reach- yellow, with 4 segments: 61, 243, 214, 196μm(1:4.0:3.5:
ing anterior margin of scutum. Scutum greenish orange yel- 3.2). Clypeus pale yellow, roughly round, with 27 strong,
low, with inconspicuous light brown vittae; acrosticals ab- pale setae on dorso-central site. Thorax: Pale yellow on
sent; 18-19 dorsocentrals each side. Scutellum greenish ground color. Antepronotum pale yellow, developed. Scutum
pale yellow, with 38-40 setae. Postnotum greenish orange pale yellow, vittae absent, 6 prealars. Scutellum pale, with
yellow. Wing(Fig. 1A): WL 4.0mm. Costa not produced, 22 setae. Postnotum pale yellow. Wing(Fig. 2A):WL 3.15
almost reaching apex of wing. R distal to M . R mm. Membrane bare, transparent. All veins bare, except R,
4++5 3++4 2++3
ending near R . Wing membrane bare. Only veins R, R and R and R . Costa not produced. R almost reach wing
1 1 1 4++5 4++5
distal 1/3 of R with setae. An reaching well beyond FCu. apex, far beyond M . RM pale, proximal to FCu. Anal
4++5 3++4
Anal lobe developed. Squama with setae. Legs: Femur and lobe developed. Squama with 17-20 setae. Arculus and
tibia yellowish green, tarsi I and II yellow with darker tip, brachiolum pale.Legs: All segments uniformly pale yellow.
tarsus III yellow with darker distal half, tarsi IV and V dark. Fore tibia with a pale, sharply pointed spur(Fig. 2E); mid
Mid and hind tibial combs contiguous, each comb with a and hind tibial combs contiguous, each with a short spur
rather short spur. Pulvillus developed. LR 1.30. Abdomen: (Fig. 2F). Pulvillus large. LR 1.62. Abdomen: Uniformly
Uniformly light green. Hypopygium(Fig. 1C): Anal point pale yellow. Hypopygium(Fig. 2C): Anal tergite moder-
dark brown, a little expanded on distal half(clavate form). ately produced distally, with 12-14 short, pale apical setae
Korean name: 1*금사깔따구(신칭), 2*장충깔따구
242 Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 28(4), 241-260
Eight New and Four Newly Recorded Species of Korean Chironomidae
A
B
F
E
D
C
Fig. 1. Chironomus fujiprimus(male). A, Wing; B, Frontal tubercle; C, Hypopygium; D, Superior volsella; E, Antenna(female); F,
Cercus(female). Scale bars: A==1mm, B==0.5μm, C, D, F==0.1μm, E==0.2μm.
around base of anal point and 11 long, pale median setae; round apex, abruptly bent upward, and 4-5 irrgularly arrang-
apodemes not distinct. Anal point moderately long, bent ed setae at base. Inferior volsella cylindrical, slightly expand-
upwards. Superior volsella with apical bare blade, broad, ed at apex, with 12-15 recurved setae. Gonostylus narrow,
Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 28(4), 241-260 243
Han Il Ree
A
B
E
C
F
D
Fig. 2. Chironomus jangchungensis sp. nov.(male). A, Wing; B, Frontal tubercle; C, Hypopygium; D, Superior volsella; E, Apical
spur of fore tibia; F, Comb scales of hind tibia. Scale bars: A==0.5mm, B, D-F==0.05μm, C==0.1μm.
slightly tapered distally, with 1 short apical and 4-5 subapi- Etymology.This species named after the type locality(Jang-
cal inner setae. chung-dong).
Female.Unknown. Distribution.Korea.
244 Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 28(4), 241-260
Eight New and Four Newly Recorded Species of Korean Chironomidae
Remarks. This new species is easily distinguishable from ularly arising short setae on distal inner-margin, and weekly
other species of the genus Chironomus, by the following two developed keel.
characters: 1) the anal point is bent upward(dorsal direction), Etymology.The specific name paracamptolabis is given for
which is not observed in any other species of this genus; 2) its similar morphological similarity to camptolabis.
the apical bare blade of the superior volsella has a broad, Distribution.Korea.
round tip, which is deeply bent dorsally. Female.Unknown.
Remarks.The structure of hypopygium of this new species
Genus Demicriptochironomus Lenz is similar to that of camptolabis described by Edwards(1929)
and Sasa(1984), though the species described here has an
1*Demicryptochironomus paracamptolabissp. nov.(Fig. 3) indistinct longitudinal keel on the gonostylus, which is a
unique character with in the genus Demicryptochironomus.
Material examined.Holotype: �(RCH-7053), Korea: Jeol-
labuk-do, Muju-gun, Muju-eup, Dangsan-ri, 28 Aug 2009, 2*Demicryptochironomus wontongensis sp. nov.(Fig. 4)
Jeong KY, Nam SH. Paratypes: 29��, same as holotype.
Diagnosis. Small to medium(WL 1.3mm), yellowish pale Material examined. Holotype: �(RCH-2674), Korea:
species. Anal tergite triangular, strongly produced distally; Gangwon-do, Inje-gun, Wontong-myeon, 2 Oct 1988, Ree
5-7 apical setae each side of anal point; median setae absent. HI. Paratypes: 4♀♀(RCH-2675, 2677, 2679, 2693), same
Anal point narrow, parallel-sided, with round tip. Superior as holotype.
volsella pediform, covered with microtrichiae and several Diagnosis. Brownish yellow, medium-sized species(WL
short apical setae. Inferior volsella absent. Gonostylus long, 2.3mm). Anal point very long, narrow, paralled-sided, with
slightly tapered apically, with weak longitudinal keel, AR 10-11 apical setae each side. Superior volsella small, 2 figer-
1.63. LR 1.84. like lobes, subequal, each lobe with an apical seta. AR 2.65.
Description(male). Head:Eye bare, widely produced dor- LR 1.47.
somedially. Frontal tubercle moderately developed(Fig. Description(male). Head: Brownish yellow. Eye brown,
3B). Antenna brownish yellow, 11 segmented. AR 1.63. bare, dorsomedially extended. Frontal tubercle minute(Fig.
Palp(Fig. 3E) brownish pale yellow, with 5 segments: 29, 4B). Antenna pale dark brown(1st-3rd segments pale), with
36, 95, 119, 125μm(1:1.2:3.3:4.1:4.3). Clypeus yellow, 11 segments. AR 2.65. Palp pale dark brown, with 4 seg-
with 13 setae on dorsal half. Thorax:Light yellow in ground ments: 40, 144, 158, 158μm(1:3.6:3.9:3.9). Clypeus(Fig.
color. Antepronotum slightly narrow dorsally, notched medi- 4C) shield-like, brown, with 12 long setae, Thorax: Yellow-
ally. Scutum light yellow, with deep yellow vittae; 13 long, ish brown in ground color. Antepronotum moderately devel-
erect acrositicals; 7-9 dorsocentrals, arising from small pit. oped. Scutum yellowish brown, without vittae; 14 acrosticals;
Scutellum pale yellow, with 7 uniserial setae. Postnotum 11-12 dorsocentrals and 4 prealars each side. Scutellum pale
yellow. Wing(Fig. 3A):WL 1.3mm. Membrane bare, grey- yellow, with 19 setae. Haltere pale. Wing(Fig. 4A):WL 2.3
ish yellow in color. All veins bare, except R and basal R . mm. Membrane bare. All veins pale, without seta, only R,
1 1++2
Costa not produced. R distinct, ending near R . R R and R with setae. Costa not extended from R . R
2++3 1++2 4++5 1 4++5 4++5 2++3
distal to M . FCu distal to RM. Cu straight. Anal lobe not end near R . R far distal to M . FCu slightly distal to
3++4 1 1 4++5 3++4
developed. An reaching below FCu. Squama with 3 setae. RM. Cu straight. Anal lobe moderately developed. Squama
1
Brachiolum and arculus pale, without seta. Legs:Fore femur fringed. Arculus pale, brachiolum pale with 2 long setae.
pale yellow, slightly darker distally; fore tibia and tarsi I-V Legs:Foreleg dark brown, except pale femur; mid-and hind-
yellowish brown. Mid and hind femur, tibia and tarsi I-III legs pale, except for darker tip(tarsi III-V). Mid and hind
pale yellow, tarsi IV-V darker. Mid and hind tibial combs tibial combs contiguous, each with a short spur. Pulvillus
contiguous, each with a spur(Fig. 3D). Pulvillus distinct. large. LR 1.47. Abdomen:All segments pale yellow. Hypo-
LR 1.84. Abdomen: Uniformly pale. Hypopygium(Fig. pygium(Fig. 4D):Anal tergite produced distally(triangular
3C): Anal tergite triangular; median setae absent; 4-5 api- in form), with 10-11 apical setae each side of anal point;
cal setae each side of anal point; anal tergal band poorly median setae absent; anal tergal band absent; transverce ster-
developed. Anal point long, narrow, parallel-sided. Superior napodeme smoothly rounded. Anal point long(300μm), nar-
volsella pediform, covered with microtrichiae and several row, parallel-sided. Superior volsella small, 2 subequal, fin-
short setae apically, Inferior volsella absent. Gonocoxite ger-like lobes, each with an apical spur(Fig. 4E). Inferior
short. Gonostylus long, slightly tapered apically, with irreg- volsella absent. Gonocoxite small. Gonostylus long, slightly
Korean name: 1*세모반음깔따구(신칭), 2*원통반음깔따구(신칭)
Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 28(4), 241-260 245
Han Il Ree
A
B
D
E
C
Fig. 3.Demicryptochironomus paracamptolabissp. nov.(male). A, Wing; B, Frontal tubercle; C, Hypopygium; D, Comb scale of hind
tibia; E, Palp. Scale bars: A==0.3mm, B==0.03μm, C, D==0.05μm, E==0.1μm.
swollen inner-basally, tip smoothly rounded with 1 apical Female.Generally same as male, except for the usual sexual
and 3 subapical strong, pale setae; longitudinal keel present differences. Antenna 5 segmented; 1st-4th segments pale,
dorsally. 5th segment dark brown(Fig. 4F).
246 Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 28(4), 241-260
Eight New and Four Newly Recorded Species of Korean Chironomidae
A
C
B
E
D
F
Fig. 4. Demicryptochironomus wontongensissp. nov.(male). A, Wing; B, Frontal tubercle; C, Clypeus; D, Hypopygium; E, Superior
volsella; F, Antenna(Female). Scale bars: A==0.5mm, B==0.02μm, C==0.05μm, D, F==0.1μm, E==0.10μm.
Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 28(4), 241-260 247
Han Il Ree
Etymology.The new name refers to the locality where this with 11-14 rather short, apical setae each side of anal point;
species was collected. median setae absent; anal tergal band V-type; all apodemes
Distribution.Korea dark brown, well developed. Anal point rather short, slightly
Remarks. This new species is easily distinguishable from tapered apically, with round tip. Broadly expanded distal
other species of Demicryptochironomus by its long anal half of superior volsella curved inward, with 4-7 dorsal
point and two subequal, finger-like lobes of the superior setae at middle and 1 seta at base. Inferior volsella cylindri-
volsella. cal, with many setae on distal half. Gonostylus rather short
(shorter than gonocoxite), with 3 strong setae apically.
Genus Microtendipes Kieffer Female. Unknown.
Etymology.This species name refers to closely related spe-
1*Microtendipes paratamagouti sp. nov.(Fig. 5) cies, M. tamagouity.
Distribution.Korea.
Material examined.Holotype: �(RCH-6293), Korea: Jeju- Remarks.Superior volsella of this species shows consider-
do, Seoguipo-si, Jungmun-dong; 2 Oct 2008, Ree HI, Jeong able variation in the shape of the distal half and the number
KY. Paratypes: 1�(RCH-3671), Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gim- of dorsal setae(Fig. 5C). This new species is closely related
cheon-si, Daehang-myeon, Jikji Temple, 18 Oct 1996, Ree to M. tamagouti Sasa, 1983. The main differences are 1)
HI; 5��(RCH 6270, 6272, 6279, 6288, 6296), same as minute frontal tubercles present in tamagouti that are absent
holotype. in the new species; 2) median setae present in the former,
Diagnosis.Brownish, large species(WL 2.9mm). Anal ter- but absent in the later; 3) superior volsella of the former
gite large, hemisphere, without median seta. Anal point rather species has 2-3 long inner setae at base, while there is only
short, slightly tapered apically, with round tip. Superior vol- 1 long seta at base in the newly-described species; 4) the
sella broadly expanded on distal half, with 4-7 dorsal setae LR of tamagouti is 1.88, whereas that of the new species is
on middle and 1 seta at inner base. Tibia of foreleg dark, with 1.17.
narrow, long apical spur. AR 1.92, LR 1.17.
Description(male). Head: Brownish yellow. Eye black, Genus Pentapedilum Kieffer
bare, extended dorsomedially. Frontal tubercle absent. 10-
11 postoculars each side. Antenna yellowish dark brown, 2*Pentapedilum convexum(Johannsen, 1932)(Fig. 6)
with 13 segments. AR 1.92. Palp dark brown, with 5 seg- Pentapedilum convexumJohannsen, 1932: 540.
ments: 47, 65, 302, 281, 346μm(1:1.4:6.4:6.0:7.4); first Polypedilum(Pentapedilum) convexum: Tokunaga, 1964;
segment narrower than second one. Clypeus brown, with 19 596; Oyewo and Sæther, 2008: 49; Yamamoto et al., 2012:
setae. Thorax:Brown in ground color. Antepronotum mod- 35.
erately developed, narrow dorsally, without setae. Scutum
brown, with dark brown vittae(not clearly defined); acrosti- Material examined.11��, 1♀, Korea: Jeju-do, Seoguipo-
cals absent; 4 prealars. Scutellum dark brown, with 15 setae. si, Jungmun-dong, 1 Oct 2008, Ree HI, Jeong KY.
Postnotum dark brown. Preepisternum dark brown. Haltere Diagnosis. Yellowish, small to medium sized species(WL
pale. Wing(Fig. 5A): WL 2.9mm. Membrane bare, trans- 1.4mm). Wing membrane covered with macrotrichiae, except
parent. Costa not extended from R4++5. R2++3 running very at base. Clypeus round with 32 extraordinarily long setae.
close to R1(apical end of R2++3almost overlap to R1). Veins Round apex of haltere with 5 setae. Anal point short, broad,
all pale, transparent, setae only on R, R1. R4++5distal to M3++4. with round tip. Superior volsella extremely narrow, a long
FCu distal to RM. Cu1straight. Anal lob moderately devel- outer-lateral seta at middle, with 4 setae at inner base. AR
oped. Squama with 14 setae. Arculus and brachiolum pale. 0.43. LR 2.41.
Legs: Fore leg: femur pale with dark brown tip, fore tibia Description(male). Head: Yellowish brown. Eye bare,
uniformly dark brown(Fig. 5D), tarsi I-II pale yellow, tarsi moderately extended to dorsomedially. Antenna yellowish
III-V darker. Mid and hind legs: all segments pale yellow. brown, 12 segmented(1st and 2nd segment fused). AR 0.43.
Fore tibia with an extremely long, narrow spur at tip; mid Frontal tubercle absent. 9-11 postoculars each side. Clypeus
and hind tibial combs contiguous, with a rather small spur, brownish yellow, round, with 32 long, stout setae(Fig. 6B).
curved at tip. Pulvillus developed. LR 1.17. Abdomen:Ter- Palp pale dark brown, with 5 segments: 29, 39, 85.7, 121,
gite I-V pale yellow; tergite VI-VIII deep yellow. Hypo- 214μm(1:1.4:3.0:4.3:7.5). Thorax: Antepronotum brown-
pygium(Fig. 5B): Anal tergite large, hemispheric-shaped, ish yellow, narrowed dorsally. Scutum brownish yellow, with
Korean name: 1*작은꼬리왜소깔다구, 2*혀오각깔따구
248 Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 28(4), 241-260
Eight New and Four Newly Recorded Species of Korean Chironomidae
A
C
B
D
Fig. 5.Microtendipes paratamagoutisp. nov.(male). A, Wing; B, Hypopygium; C, Variation of superior volsella; D, Fore femur and
tibia. Scale bars: A, D==0.5mm, B==0.1μm, C==0.05μm.
inconspicuous brown vittae; 19 biserial acrosticals; 24-25 pale dark brown, with 7 setae(Fig. 6C). Wing(Fig. 6A):WL
dorsocentrals and 7-9 prealars each side. Scutellum brown- 1.4mm. Membrane covered with macrotrichiae. Almost all
ish pale yellow, with 19 setae. Postnotum brown. Haltere veins with setae. Costa not produced. R2++3not distinct. R4++5
Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 28(4), 241-260 249
Han Il Ree
A
C
B
F
H
D
G
E
Fig. 6. Pentapedilum convexum(male). A, Wing; B, Clypeus; C, Haltere; D, Hind tibial comb scale; E, Hypopygium; F, Superior
volsella; G, Abdominal tergite III-IV; H, Antenna(Female). Scale bars: A==0.3mm, B, D-F==0.05μm, C, H==0.1μm, G==0.2μm.
250 Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. 28(4), 241-260