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Herbal medicine in Egypt
Younis Haggag M.
in
Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.).
Identification of wild food and non-food plants of the Mediterranean region
Chania : CIHEAM
Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 23
1997
pages 45-55

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To cite this article / Pour citer cet article
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Younis Haggag M. Herbal medicine in Egypt. In : Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.). Identification
of wild food and non-food plants of the Mediterranean region. Chania : CIHEAM, 1997. p. 45-55 (Cahiers
Options Méditerranéennes; n. 23)
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http://om.ciheam.org/
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
EGYPT
Younis
of of
El
st.,
&m
été utilisée en Egypte depuis longtemps. Les
de beaucoup de plantesm édicinales et les les
utilisées. La égyptienne 2000
été étudiées et beaucoup de
est utilisées et
au égyptien sont aussi inclues.
plants haveb eenu sed as a of since ancient times.' Thea ncient
with many medicinal of in
of The healing of sick out
The in Ancient Egyptian tombs. The
the temple walls and in the that Ancient Egyptians
the same as they plant, as well as
the egg,
vegetable that theyu sed acacia, aloes,
colocynth, linseed, squill, cumin, onions, anise, oil and wine. They useda ll
plant such as seeds, as well as
medicaments in the of pastes and ointments.
When the to Egypt, art of healing made use
of all available as the Chinese,
as well as the Ancient Egyptian. The as
Sina, still in as
Among these books Fil Tib Oli Albab @awood El-Antaki)
people still go to shops seeking
since they as
Nowadays, is an the use of
an confidence in two companies in Egypt that
specialisedi n the of addition,
constituents is called
in
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
The of Egypt includes about 2000 species of plants in its localities that
in type of soil and climatic and that
the of of plant species. addition, many plante have been successfully
acclimatized in Egypt.
About 300 mostlyo f local be found in The
accompanying table (Table 1)s howse xamples of such including local and
scientific names, used, and main active constituents and uses..
as well as in Egyptian
and have taken on the task of studying both wild and cultivated plants with
view to chemical possible
USES. The accompanying list shows the names of plants that studied mainly
both the in Egypt until 1989.
is that he of some wild plants in Egypt is becoming and
some species with extinction a of such as
the extension of building to many
we calling in Egypt to save such species
extiactioz. ai the collection seeds of such species Ud
to find optimum conditions
carried out on squill (Urginea maritima)a ná Egyptian henbane (Hyoscyamus muticus)
this
native plants cultivated in Egypt such as
species, Thymus spp., Salvia
(LavanduZa osficcincclis), basil (Ocimum basilicurn), plants such as
fennel (Foeniculum vulgare),a nise aniwm), (Carum (Cuininum
cyminum), (Corimdrums a tivum), (Apircrr,
gt-aveolens), dill (Anethum grmeolew), ajowan (Carum copticurn) and Ammi vìsnsga and Ammi
majus. plants include (Trigorzella foenum-graecum), (Hibiscus sabdaTiffa),
Sm
does (Aloefei-ox,A . vem), sema species (Cassia acutìfolia), species safsalf, S. ailm atid
S. Olea europea, Egyptian lupin Datum and
Digitalis species , belladonna (Atropa belladonna), (Althaea oficinalis),
spp., Ambrosìa maritima, Cym,bopogon citratus, proximus, chamomile
(Helianthus annuus), henna (Lawsonia inermis), white and black (Sinapis alba,
S. nigra ), psyllium .
is evident that many many plant species in
common. will be the benefit of all to among themselves and exchange
and the of out on medicinal plants.
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
1: Some herbald rugs found in the Egyptian market
Part used ¿k family
Acacia arabicaL . Sant
Leguminosae
Acacia famesiana (L.)Willd. Fitnah
Leguminosae
Achmilill elaef olium L. I
l
Compositae
I
Accoarl anms us L. Qaads- a b
Araceae
Allium sativum Thawm
anthelmiiltic Liliaceae
cJhLuoailxcaae gt oivgeu,e Aloe vera L.
Liliaceae
Althea officinalis
h-alvaceae
Ambrosia maritima L.
Compositae
l Ammi visnagaL . Wiia
1 calculi 1 limbelliferae
Ammi majus L.
Umbelliferae shytani
Anacyclus pyrethrumL qush
Compositae
I I
Anastatica hierochuntica
Crucìferae
Aizetkurn gnmeokms L. Shibith .
Umbelljferae
Anthemis cotda Sheih
Compositae
I Apium gmveoiensL .
UnlbelliJerae
Amica montana L.
Compositae el Fahd
Artmesia cina Shih balady
Comvositae
Ahrteermb ais-iaal ba I Shih
Compositae
Balaniteas egyptiaca (L.)
infections Simarubacea~~ e ~~
Bryonia albaL . el
Cucurbitaceae
Skin Calendula oficinalis Oqhwan
leaves emmenagogue Compositae
Capsella busa-pastoris
Cruciferae
Capsicum minimum Shatt ah
Solanaceae
Carum carviL .
antispasmodic Umbelliferae
1
Antispasmodic, antisepticjn Carum copticum Nakhwah
I I Umbelliferae
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
Cartthinacm toursi us L.
emmenagogue, Compositae
Caacsu stiiafo lia Sama makki
Laxative
Legumtnosae
Csielirqaut oan ia
I
Leguminosae
Anthelmintic Leaves, Chenopodiuma mbrosioides L.
Chenopadiaceae
Ciicnhtyobr uiusm L. Shìkowah
hypoglycemic, laxative seeds, Compositae
Bark Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Lauraceae
pdp, Citmllns colocynthis
seeds Cucurbitaceae
Citrus limon Laymm
Oleo gum Commiphora mukulL .
UDurseraceae
CB Coriandrunt sativurn
hypoglycemic Umbelliferae
styles & Crocus sativusL .
48
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
antispasmo.dic vulgare
Umbelliferae
Glossostemon bruguieri Sahlab
1
l
' Abbad esh
shams
Ussab
diseases. 1 i
1
Leaves, R. L. 1
bps 1 kilbiatae
I
heads chammilla L.
sedative l Comvosttae l
antiseptic
Antislimming, tonic.
haemostatic
Antispasmodic, digestive,
galactagogue
emmenagogue.
49
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
1 I
50
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
OF
1. Abrus precatorius L. 54. Arthrucnemum glaucum
2. Acacia arabica L. Ung -
3. Acacia farnesiana L. 55. Asclepias curassavica L.
4. Acacia senegalensisL . 56. Asparagus stipularis
5. Achilleafragrantissima 57. Aster squamatusL .
6. Achillea santolinaL . 58. Asteriscus graveolensL ess.
7. Acokanthera spectabilis 59. Astragalus alexandrinus
8. Adhatoda vasica Nees 60. Astragalus boeticus L.
9. Adonis aututnnalis L. 61. Astragalus cremophilos
l o. Adonis dentata 62. Astragalus tomentosus Lam.
Aegialophila pumila 63. Astragallust rigonus
12. Aegle marmelos (L.) Con. 64. Atrocarpus integrfolia Link
13. Aervlaa n ata Juss. - 65. Atropa belladonna L.
14. Aerva tomentosa 66. Avicennia officinalisL .
15. Agave americana L. var. marginata 67. Barleria cristataL .
16. Agave decipiens 68. Bassiß mtu-ico-fa
17. Agave sisalana 0:umm. 69. Bauhiaea purpurea L.
70. Bauhinia variegata L.
C%
18. Ajuga iva L. 71. Beamontiag randij7ora Wall.
19. Albizia julibrissin 72. Bolusanthus specìosus
2 o. Alhagi maurorum
21. Allium aschersonianum 73. Brassica juncea
22. Allium cepa L. 74. Brassica nigra L.
23. Allium sativum L. 75. Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.
24. Aloe grandidentata 76. Bryonia cretica L.
25. Aloe vera L. 77. Calendula arvensisE .
25, Aithea officimiis L. 78. “dendula officinalis L.
2 7. klthea rosea L. 79. Culligonum cornosum
28. kmberboa tubulìjlora 80. Callistemon lanceolatus
29. Ambrosia maritima L. 81. Callistemon rigidus
30. hmmi majus L. 82. Calotropis procera
31, Arnmi visnaga L. 83. Calycodendron milnei
32. Anahasis articulafa L. A.C.Smith.
33. Anagallis arvensis L. 84. Canavalia obtusifolìa
34. Anastatica hierochuntica L. 85. Cannaflaccida Salisb.
35. Anchusa millerì Willd. 86. Canna indicaL .
3 ó. hnnona cherimola 87. Canna orientalis
3 7. Annona ghbra L. 88. Cannabis sativaL .
38. Annona muricata L. 89. Cardiospernwm halicacabumL .
39. Annona squamosa L. 90. Carduncellus eriocephalus
40. Anthemis nobilis L. 91. Carduus getulus
41. Anthemis pseudocotula 92. Carduus nutansL .
42. Antirrhinum majus L. 93. Carica papayaL .
43. Apiurn graveolensL . 94. Carissa carandasL .
44. Argemone mexicana L. 95. Carissa grandiflora
45. Arisarum vulgare Schott. 96. Carthamus glaucus
46. Aristolochia elegans alexandrinus
47. Artemisia absinthium L. 97. Carthamus mariuticus
48. Artemisiaa rgentea 98. Carthamus tinctoriusL .
49. Artemisia argyi Levl. & Vant. 99. Carum copticum
50. Artemisia cina OO. Carurn carvi L.
51. Artemisia herba alba L, 101. Cassìa acutrgolia
52. Artemisia judaica L. 102. Cassia didymobotrya
53. Artemisia monosperma L. 103. Cassiafistula L.
51
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
104. Cassia javanica L. Conyza dioscorides( L.)
105. Cassia nigricans 157. Conyza linijdia Willd.
106. Cassia obovata Coll. 158. Cordia myxaL .
107. Cassia siameaL am. 159. Coriandrum sativumL .
108. Cassia spectabilis 160. Cornulacca monacantha
109. Catha edulis 161. Cotula cinerea
110. Centaurea aegyptiaca 162. Crinum americanum
111. Centaureaa lexandrina 163. Crinum augustum
112. Centaurea calcitrapa 164. Crinum bulbispermum
113. Centaurea cinerariaL . 165. Crotolaria aegyptiaca
114. Centaurea moschataL . 166. Crotolaria madurensis Wight
115. Centaurea ragusina subsp. 167. Crucianella maritimaL .
168. Cucumis meloL .
116. Centaurium pulchellum SW. 169. Cucurbita maxima
117. Centaurium spicatum( L.) 170. Cucurbita pepo varm. edullosa Alef.
118. Ceratonia siliqua L. 171. Cuminum cyminumL .
119. Cerbera odollarn 172. Cupressus arizonica
120. Cestrum aurantiacumL i d 173. Ccpressus lusitanica
121. Cestrum diurnumL . 174, Cupressus sempervirens
122. Cestrcm elegans SchJect. 175. Cumma lo.~g~
123. Chenopodium ambrosiodes 176. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taub.
124. Chenopodium murale 177. Cymbopogon citratusL .
125. Corchorus olitoriusL . 178. Cymbopogon nardus
126. Chrysanthemuma nethijolium 179. Cymbopogon proximus Stapf.
180. Cy.wrzdropsis pentaphylla
127. Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium 181. Cyperus rotundus L.
Visiani 182. Datura discolour
128. Chrysanthemum coronarium 183. Datura fastusa L.
129. Chrysanthemum manifohm 184. Datura ferox L.
130. Cichorilcm inntybiisL . 185. imoxia
131. Cichorizcm pundum 186. Datma metek L.
132. Cttrullus colocynthis( L.) 87. Datua metelolides
133. Citrus aurantijoliaS wingle 188. Datma stramonium L.
134. Citrus aurantiunt L. 189. Datura stramonium var. inermis
135. Citrus aurantiumL . var. amara S
136. Citrus aurantiumL . var. deliciosa 190. Vatura tatula L.
137. Citrus aurantiumL . var. sinensis 191. Datura tatula L. var. inernlis
138. Citrus bergamia &
Wight & Am. 192. Daucus carota L. var. boissieri
139. Citrus limettaL . Schweinf.
140. Citrus (L.) fil. 193. Daucus glaber
141. Citrus nobilis 194. Delphinium ajacisL .
142. Citrus X paradisi 195. Delphinium barbeyi
196. Delphinium belladonna
143. Citrus reticulata
197. Derris elliptica
144. Citrus sanguineaE ngl.
198. Digitalis lanata
145. Citrus triyoliataL .
199. Digitalis mertonensis Buxt. &
146. Cleistopholis patens
200. Digitalis parvifloraJ acq.
147. Cleonze amblycarpa &
201. Digitalis purpureaL .
148. Cleome droserifolia
202. Digitalis purpwea var. miniana
149. Clerodendron inermisL .
Sampaio
150. Clivia miniata
203. Digitalis viridifora Lindl.
151. Cocculus laurijolius
204. Dioscorea opposita Thunb.
152. Coffea arabicaL .
205. Discorea tokoro
153. Convolvulus althaeoides L.
206. Dolichoìs lablabL .
154. Convolvulus awensis L.
207. Ducrosia ismaelis
155. Convolvulus lanatusV ahl
208. Duranta plumeriJ acq.
52
CIHEAM - Options Mediterraneennes
209. Duranta repens L. 261. Haloxylon salicornicum auct .non
210.
211. 262. Haplophyllum tuberculatum
212. Vahl
213. (L.) L. 263. Hedera helixL .
214. (L.) Campd. 264. Helianthus annuusL .
215. 265. Heliotropium digynumF orssk
Schott 266. Hemerocallis aurantica
21 6. 267. Hibiscus sabdarìfa L.
21 7. 268. Hippeastrum vittatum
21 8. 269. Hyoscyamus albus var. desertorum
219. Stapf 2 70. Hyoscyamus muticusL .
o.
22 271. Hyoseris lucidaL .
221. sativcz 2 72. Hypecoum aegyptiacum
222. Tackl. Asch & Schweinf.
223. L. = 2 73. Hyossopus 0J”jirtalis L.
2 74. L.
224. L. 2 75.
225. caLì$obmica Cham. 276. &
226. LX gracilis Schweinf
Asch & Schweinf 277. scabra
22 7. 2 78.
228. Labiii. 2 79. var. alba
229. 280. Jasminium mesnyi
230. Labill. 281. Jasminum grandgorum L.
231. 282. Jasminum sambac &.)Aiton
232. 283. Jasonia montana Wald)
citriodora Bailey 284. .Tatropha curcas
233. L. 285. Joannesia principzs VA.
234. 01%. 286. A. Juss.
235. L. 287. Lacturn saligna L.
236. 288. Lagenaria brevijlora
237. pwalias L. 289. hgenarie sicerariu Standl.
238. peplus L. 290. kantana camara L.
239. -Wílid 29i. Launea mucronata
240. 292. Launaea nudicaulis( L.)
241. L. 293. Launaea resedifolia (Willd.)
242. Fagonia arabicaL .
243. Fagonia bruguieri 294. Lunaea spinosa
244. Fagonia cretica L. 295. Lclunaea tenrciloba
245. Fagonia glutinosa 296. Laurus nobilis L.
246. Fagonia mollis 297. Lavandula officinalis
247. Fagonia parviflora 298. Luwsonia inermisL .
248. Fagopyrum esculentumL . 299. Ligustrum ovalifolium
249. Farsetia aegyptia 300. Limonium sinuatum
250. Ficus benghalensis 301. Limonium tubgorum
251. Ficus benjamina L. 302. Linum usitatissimum
252. elastica 303. Lotus arabicus
253. Ficus platyphylla 304. Lotus creticus L.
254. Fuymaria densiflora 305. Lupinus termis
255. Fumaria judaica 306. Lycium shawii & Sch.
2 56. Glacium9avurn 307. Lycopersicum prumijorme
257. Glossostemon bruguieri 308. Lygos raetam
258. Glycyrrihiuzag labra L. 309. L.
259. Gossypium barbadenseL . 31O .
260. Haemanthus multiflorus 31 1. Coss.
312. L.