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©EntomologicaFennica. 15December2010 Egg morphology of Mydaea Iateritia (Rondani, 1866) (Diptera: Muscidae) Andrzej Grzywacz& ThomasPape Grzywacz,A. &Pape,T. 2010: EggmorphologyofMydaealateritia(Rondani, 1866) (Diptera: Muscidae).—Entomol. Fennica21: 187—192. Several specimens ofMydaea lateritia (Rondani, 1866) were collected during studiesofarthropodsuccessiononpigcarrionsinwesternPoland.Thisisthefirst recordofthis speciesinPolandandthenorthernmostoccurrenceofthespecies. ScanningelectronmicroscopydocumentationofeggmorphologyofM. lateritia is presented for the first time. Hexagonal chorionic network, foliate hatching pleats, shortlateralrespiratoryhorns, dorsomedianflangeandmedianareawith smoothhexagonalnetworkandcratersaredescribed.Theeggcouldbeclassified asMydaea-typewith shortrespiratoryhorns. A. Grzywacz,DepartmentofAnimalEcology,InstituteofEcologyandEnviron— mentalProtection, NicolausCopernicus University, Gagarina9, 87—100Torun, Poland;E—mail.‘ [email protected] T.Pape,ZoologicalMuseum, UniversityofCopenhagen, UniversitetsparkenI5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;E—mail.‘ [email protected] Received3February2010, accepted14April2010 1. Introduction foliaceoushatchingpleatsareknownasPhaonia- type or ‘simple flangedtype’, andthosewithout The genus Mydaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 suchhatchingpleatsareknownasMusca-typeor currently contains 108 species (Bisby et al. ‘unflangedtype’ (Hinton 1960, Skidmore 1985, 2009). Ofthese, 20 are recorded as occurring in Ferrar 1987). Eggs ofmost Mydaeinae genera Europe (Pont 2004) and 10 in Poland (Draber— and some Coenosiinae (Limnoplzora Robineau- Monko2007).Mydaealateritia(Rondani, 1866) Desvoidy and Lispe Latreille of the Limo- was originally described from Italy, and for al- phorini) are classified as a modification ofthe mostacenturyitwasknownonlyfromItalyand Phaonia-type, with elongated hatching pleats France(Hennig 1956). which sometimes form a long respiratory horn Recently it was recorded from Bulgaria, anterodorsally (Skidmore 1985, Ferrar 1987). France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Italy,Slove- The respiratory horns have evolved independ- niaandSpain(Pont2004), andwithits eastward entlyinvarious insectfamiliesandaretreatedas limitofdistributionatIraq(Gregoretal.2002).A an adaptation for oviposition under water or in yellowabdomenandpredominantlyyellowtho- wet orwaterlogged habitats (Hinton 1969). Be- rax will allow the identification ofM. lateritia sides inMydaea-typeeggs, respiratoryhorns are adultsamongotherMydaeaspeciesfromCentral foundinMuscidaealsoinsomeMuscaLinnaeus. Europe(Gregoretal. 2002). Themainaimofthispaperistodescribe,doc- Eggs of Muscidae have traditionally been umentanddiscussthemorphology ofthe egg of classifiedintwomaingroups. Eggswithbroadly M. lateritia. 188 Grzywacz&Pape - ENTOMOL. FENNICAVol. 21 ?mm 3mm 12 14 WD WD 00pm 00pm 1 1 X90 X70 2 i 0 C: r» r- SEI SEI Fig. 1. EggofMydaealateritia.—a. Lateralview.—b. Dorsalview.—c. Hexagonal patternwithsmoothbound- ariesofmedianareanearapex.—d. Marginofoutersurfaceofdorsalflange.—e. Chorion hexagonal pattern withelevated boundaries. 2. Material and methods Alder forest 4.XI.2006, Q; 24.X.2007, Q; 29.X.2007, 3QQ; 11.XI.2007, E2; In2006and2007,alarge-scaleexperimentonar- Hornbeam—oakforest7.XI.2006, 9. thropodsuccessionondecomposingpigcarrions ReferencespecimensaredepositedintheDe- wasundertaken. Theresearchwas carriedout in partmentofAnimalEcology,Nicolaus Coperni- theBiedruskomilitaryrangelocalizedinwestern cus University, Poland. Eggs were obtained by Poland(52°31’N, 16°54’E;UTM: XU22).Into- dissectionfromtheabdomenofadultfemaleflies tal36deadpigsweredeployed inthreedifferent andpreservedin70% ethanol. habitats (pine-oak, hombeam—oak and alder fo- Eggs(n=3)werepreparedforSEMbyclean- rest)inspring,summerandautumn.Adultinsects ingwithafinebrush,dehydrationthrough80, 90 were collected using an aerial sweep net. For a and 99.5% ethanol, critical-point drying in CO2 fulldescriptionoftheexperiment,seeMatuszew- and coating with platinum. SEM images were skieta1. (2010). Duringtwoyearsoftheexperi- taken with a Jeol Scanning Microscope JSM- ment, 12 adult female specimens ofM. lateritia 6335F in the Zoological Museum, University of werecollected(leg. S. Matuszewski&D. Bajer- Copenhagen.Forlightmicroscopy, material(n= lein): 5) was stainedwith 1% ofpotassiumpermanga- Pine-oak forest 22.X.2006, Q; 21.IX.2007, natesolution(Sukontasoneta]. 2004). Thepho- Q; 4.XI.2007, 29E2; 11.XI.2007, E2; tographwastakenwithadigitalNikon8400cam- ENTOMOL. FENNICAVol. 21 - EggmorphologyofMydaea lateritia 189 10.8mm WD 1U,uln— X300 7.0kV SEI 7.0kV X1300 lOwn WD11.8mm Luu 'VLGM u "a u . 7.IJkV X700 10an WDMflmm Fig.2. EggofMydaealateritia.—a. Lateralviewofanteriorpart;m: micropyle.—b. Dorsalviewofanteriorpart. —c.Apical partofdorsalflange.—d. Baseofmedianflange. era mounted on a Nikon Eclipse E200 micro- Medianrespiratoryhorndevelopedattheanterior scope. Terminology follows Hinton (1981), eggpoleasashort,collar-likeflangewithnumer- Skidmore(1985) andFerrar(1987). ouspapillae(Fig.2b).Thefoliatehatchingpleats projectbeyondapexasmuchasthedorsomedian flange,therebyformingtwoalmostparallel-sided 3. Egg morphology bands (Figs 2a, b). Inner surface of hatching pleats,papillaeontheirmarginandmedianflange Egg creamy white, elongated, rounded at both withplastronnetwork(Figs2c, d). Inner surface ends(Figs 1a,b,2a). Hatchingpleatsbroadlyfo- ofbroadenedhatchingpleatswithhexagonalpat- liatethroughout, attachedtothedorsolateralsur- tern(Fig. 3). faceoftheeggandfoldinginwardssoastoalmost Ahexagonalpatternonthechoriononentire meet medially halfway between the poles (Fig. lateral andventral surface with elevated bound- 1b). Pleats denticulate along the entire margin, aries,contrastingtotheoutersurfaceofthehatch- withmore distinctpapillae in anteriorpart (Figs ingpleats, which are almost smooth (Figs 1a, b, 2a—c), lateralrespiratoryhornsshort(Figs 1a,b). e). Dorsomedian area with smooth hexagonal 190 Grzywacz&Pape - ENTOMOL. FENNICAVol. 21 network andcraters more distinct along first 0.1 mm ofanterior part (Figs 1b, c, 2b). Micropyle behind and below the median flange at the egg apex(Fig. 2b), the chorionic hexagonal network reachesthemicropyle. 4. Discussion Apart from Hinton (1981), who described the eggs of several Muscidae using SEM, this methodwasusedonlyrecentlyfordifferentiating eggs offorensically importantMuscidae. Exam- ples are Synthesiomya nudiseta (van der Wulp) (Alencar&Leite 1992),Muscinalevida (Harris) (Liu & Greenberg 1989), M. stabulans (Fallen) (Liu& Greenberg 1989; Alencar&Leite 1992), and Hydrotaea (ZOphyra) aenescens (Wiede- mann) (Mendonca et a]. 2008). Description of egg morphology ofM. lateritia is presented for thefirsttimeinthepresentpaper. Withinspecies ofMydaea, SEM eggdatais otherwise available onlyforM. corni(Scopoli) andM. urbana(Mei- gen) (Hinton 1969, 1981). In eggs obtained by dissection from the fe- maleabdomen,thedorsalflangesareoftenpoorly visiblebecausetheyarewrappedaroundtheegg Fig.3. Egg ofMydaea (Ferrar 1987). Probably duringpassage through lateritia the ovipositor, flanges fold outwards (Ferrar (dorsalsur- 1987). Very similar egg shell, shape and size of facewith flanges were described previously for M. corni viewofin- (Hinton 1981).However, figuresoftheeggofM. nersurface cornipresentedbyHammer(1941, asM.pagana ofbroad- (Fabricius)) and Skidmore(1985) differslightly, ened especiallyintheproportionsoflateralanddorso- hatching median flanges. In the figures presented by pleat). Skidmore(1985,fig.98a),thehatchingpleatsex- tendfurtherbeyondtheeggapexandaremoreta- pering.TheeggshellofM. lateritiaismoresimi- The hexagonal pattern of the exochorion lartothefigureofM. corm'presentedbyHammer foundinM. lateritia (imprints fromthematernal (1941, fig. 26b). follicular cells) has not previously been docu- TheeggsofM. lateritiaandM. urbanadiffer mentedforotherspeciesofMydaea.Ahexagonal markedly in the size of the respiratory horns, network with elevated boundaries is present in whichinM. urbanaprojectbeyondtheeggapex speciesofothermuscidgenera, e.g.,AzeliaRobi- asthreelong, taperingprocesses(Hammer 1941, neau-Desvoidy,Hebecnema andHydrotaeaRo- Skidmore 1985). Hinton (1969, 1981) published bineau-Desvoidy (Hinton 1981), Eginia Robi- a SEM-based description of the structure of neau-Desvoidy (Michelsen 2006), and it occurs papillae on the respiratory horn ofM. urbana, in most other calyptrate families, e.g., Antho- which is very similar to that ofM. lateritia pre- myiidae(Ferrar 1987; Gaponov2003), Callipho- sentedinthispaper. ridae(Ferrar 1987,Erzinclioglu1989,Mendonca ENTOMOL. FENNICAVol. 21 ° EggmorphologyofMydaea lateritia 191 et al. 2008), Rhinophoridae (Draber—Mor'iko supportedbytheMinistryofScience andHigherEduca— 1997),Tachinidae(Ferrar 1987,Gaponov2004). tion(grantNo. 2P04C10429), andDr. V. Michelsen for verificationofourspeciesidentification. WorkinCopen- Thehexagonalpattern intheMusca-type egg of hagenwassupportedbyagrantfromtheEuropeanCom— H. aenescens has less distinctboundaries (Men- mission’s (FP6) Integrated Infrastructure Initiative pro- doncaetal.2008). ThePhaonia-typeeggofMu— grammeSYNTHESYS(DK—TAF). scina levida andM. stabulans have longitudinal ridges andapolygonalpatternlimitedtotheme- References dian area and surroundings of the micropyle (Greenberg &Kunich2002). Alencarde,A.P.P.&Leite,A.C.R. 1992:Ultrastructure Pits foundonthe median area inM. lateritia ofthe egg ofMuscina stabulans andSynthesiomyia (Figs 1c,2b)arelargerandnotasnumerousasin nudiseta(Diptera: Muscidae). 7MemoriasdoInsti— tutoOswaldoCruz87: 4637166. M. cornl'(Hinton 1981).Medianareasurfacedif- Bisby, F. A., Roskov, Y. R., Orrell, T. M.,Nicolson, D., fersdistinctlyfromMusca-typeeggsinwhichthe Paglinawan,L. E.,Bailly,N.,Kirk,P. M.,Bourgoin, median zone is covered with plastron (Hinton T.&Baillargeon,G.(eds)2009:Species2000&ITIS 1969, 1981) and sometimes does not reach the CatalogueofLife:2009AnnualChecklist.CD-ROM. posterior egg pole (Sukontason et al. 2004, Su- 7Species2000. Reading,UK. kontasonetal.2007,Mendoncaetal. 2008). Sur- Draber—Monko, A. 1997: The morphology ofthe egg of Rhinomoriniasarcophagina(Schiner,1862)(Diptera, face ofthemedianarea(Fig. 1b) intheposterior Rhinophoridae).7AnnalesZoologici46:2257232. part is similarto thatofM urbana presentedby Draber—Monko,A.2007:Muscidae.7In:Bogdanowicz, Hinton (1981), howeverpits in the anteriorpart W.,Chudzicka,E.,Pilipiuk,I.&Skibinska,E. (eds), (Figs 1b, c) are deeper and less numerous. The FaunaofPolandCharacteristicsandchecklistofspe— cies Vol. II: 1427144, 2267229. Muzeum i Instytut polygonalpatternonthemedianareaisnotasdis- ZoologiiPAN,Warszawa. 505pp. tinctandwithoutnumerouspits as in, e.g.,Myo— Erzinclioglu,Y.Z. 1989:Thevalueofchorionicstructure Spila meditabunda (Fabricius) and Haematobia andsizeinthediagnosisofblowflyeggs.7Medical stimulans(Meigen) (Hinton 1981). andVeterinaryEntomology3: 2817285. A lateral plastron crater as in Musca Ferrar,P. 1987:AGuidetotheBreedinghabitsandImma- tureStagesofDipteraCyclorrhapha.Entomonograph vetustissimaWalkerandM sorbensWiedemann 8(172). 7 Scandinavian Science Press, Leiden, Co— (Hinton 1966, 1981)wasnotfound. penhagen. 907pp. ThebroadhatchingpleatsofthePhaonia-ty- Gaponov, S. P. 2003: Morphology ofeggs inthe family peeggarenotproducedanteriorlyanddonotre- Anthomyiidae(Diptera).7RussianJoumalofZoolo— achthe anteriorpole. Basedonthe length ofthe gy82: 134771356. [InRussian]. Gaponov, S. P. 2004: Types of chorion structure in respiratory horns within the Mydaea-type eggs, Cyclorrhaphaflies(Diptera,Cyclorrhapha).7Proce- two groups ofeggs can be distinguished: long- edings ofVoronezh State University, Series Chemi- horned eggs, e.g., M urbana and Hebecnema stry,Biology,Pharmacy2: 1127122. [InRussian]. umbratica(Meigen),andshort-homedeggs,e.g., Greenberg,B.&Kunich,J. C.2002:Entomologyandthe M corni,H. vespertina(Fallen)andallspeciesof law.7CambridgeUniversityPress.XIII+306pp. Gregor,F.,Rozkosny,R.,Bartak,M.&Vafihara,J.2002: Brontaea Kowarz (Skidmore 1985). The egg of TheMuscidae (Diptera) ofCentral Europe. 7Folia M lateritiashouldbeclassifiedasaMydaea-type Facultatis ScientiarumNaturaliumUniversitatis Ma- eggbecauseofthe shortlateralrespiratoryhorns sarykianaeBrunensis,Biologia 107: 17280. andshortdorsomedianflange. Thepresentgrou- Hammer, 0. 1941: Biological and ecological investiga- ping systemis apractical one andis most likely tionsonfliesassociatedwithpasturingcattleandtheir not in agreement with a cladistic classification. excrement. 7 Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk NaturhistoriskForening 105: 1417393. However, muscid phylogeny is still far from Hennig,W. 1956:63b.Muscidae.7In:Lindner,E.(ed.), stable (Kutty etal. 2008), andourknowledge of Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. 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