efficacy of oxytocin and prostaglandins administered at the time of artificial insemination on ...

176 Pages·2013·0.94 MB·English

EFFICACY OF OXYTOCIN AND PROSTAGLANDINS
ADMINISTERED AT THE TIME OF ARTIFICIAL
INSEMINATION ON CONCEPTION RATE OF
ESTRUS AND OVULATION SYNCHRONIZED
REPEAT BREEDER COWS

RAVIKUMAR, B. P.

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY
AND OBSTETRICS
VETERINARY COLLEGE, HEBBAL, BANGALORE
KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES
SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 401
AUGUST, 2013
i
EFFICACY OF OXYTOCIN AND PROSTAGLANDINS
ADMINISTERED AT THE TIME OF ARTIFICIAL
INSEMINATION ON CONCEPTION RATE OF
ESTRUS AND OVULATION SYNCHRONIZED
REPEAT BREEDER COWS

Thesis submitted to the
KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES
SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy
IN
VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS

By
RAVIKUMAR, B. P.

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY
AND OBSTETRICS
VETERINARY COLLEGE, HEBBAL, BANGALORE
KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES
SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 401
AUGUST, 2013
ii
KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES
SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY, GYNAECOLOGY
AND OBSTETRICS
VETERINARY COLLEGE, HEBBAL, BANGALORE
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled Efficacy of oxytocin and prostaglandins
“
administered at the time of artificial insemination on conception rate of estrus and
ovulation synchronized repeat breeder cows” submitted by Dr. RAVIKUMAR, B.P. ID
No. DVHK-1135 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of
Philosophy in Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Karnataka Veterinary,
Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar is a record of bonafide research work
carried out by him during the period of his study in this University under my guidance
and supervision. And the thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award of any

degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or other similar titles.

Bangalore Dr. A. KIRSHNASWAMY
August, 2013 Major Advisor
Professor and Head,
Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics

Approved by :
Chairman : ________________________
(A.KRISHNASWAMY)
Nominated External Examiner : ________________________
(K.C.S. REDDY)
Members : 1. ________________________
(M. DEVARAJ)
2. ________________________
(V.C. MURTHY)
3. _______________________
(SRIDHAR BHAT)
4. _______________________
(RAMACHANDRA)
iii
Affectionately dedicated to,

My beloved
TEACHERS & Parents

iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“Gratitude is when memory is stored in the heart and not in the mind”.
The success of any venture is depends upon the people who helped in its
formation. I take this opportunity to thank the number of people who helped me in this
work.
Primarily my guide Dr. A.KRISHNASWAMY, Professor and Head,
Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College,
Bangalore, the true back bone of this research work who guided me from the very
planning of this research, timely advice, constant encouragement and inspiring moral
support. This not only moulded my thesis in to right form, but also my personality. It
was a great pleasure and previlage for me to have him as my guide and I shall remain
ever greatful to him for his benevolent outlook and generosity of mind.
My sincere and heartful regards goes to Dr. M.DEVARAJ, Advisory Committee
Member and Dean, Veterinary College, Shimoga, for his moral support and valuable
suggestions that helped me in completing the research work and thesis. I am indebted to
him.
I am equally greatfull to my Advisory Committee Members,
Dr. V. Chandrasekhara Murthy Associate Professor, Dept of Gynaecology and
Obstetrics, Veterinary College, Bangalore, Dr. Sridhar bhat, Associate Professor,
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, Bangalore,
Dr. Ramachandra, Scientist, IISc, Bangalore for their valuable suggestions and
encouragement throughout the period of study.
I am equally grateful to Dr. T.G.Honnappa, Associate Professor, Dept of
Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College, Bangalore, for their statistical
suggestion and timely advice. I extend my thanks to Dr. G. Sudha, Assistant Professor,
Dept of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College, Bangalore, their kind
cooperation and suggestions during the period of study.
v
My sincere thanks to Dr. Ravindranath, B.M, Assistant Professor, Teaching
Veterinary Clinical Service Complex, Bangalore. also I am extremely thankful to Dr.
Narasimhamuthy, Assistant Professor, Bangalore, for their valuable suggestions and
encouragement throughout the period of study.
I thank to Drs. Chithra, Yatish, Jayakumar, Lakshmikanth, Mahesh,
Kantharaj, Navya, Abhignya, Malli, Premkumar, Sharan, Yugender, Prashanth and
Suja for all the moral support and academic help provided.
Special thanks to Amare gouda sir, Sowmya, Shweta and Harsha, for his timely
help and moral support during my research and thesis work.
A word of thanks should be mentioned to my friends Drs. Shankaregowda,
Suchitra, Bijurkar, Bhagirathi for all the lovely moments spent together in Bangalore. I
also thank Dr. Thimmappa, Dr. Prasanna, Shimoga, Students of B.V.Sc. & AH
Seventh Series, Ninth Series and all the Teaching & Non-teaching Staff of Veterinary
College Shimoga for making my work & stay memorable during my entire period of
study.
All the non-teaching staff members, Manju family, Vijayalakshmi, Rajanna,
Satish and Siddharama of the Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and
Obstetrics, for their cooperation and making my stay memorable during the period of
study.
I consider it would be incomplete without extending my thanks to all the
farmers of dairy farms at Gajanuru, Bullapura and also KMF Unit, Suguru, Shimoga
District for their help during my research work.
Without the encouragement and support provided by my Parents and my dear
Sister’s family it would have not possible to reach my goal. To all, I am most grateful.
In this recounts I may not thanked certain people. This does not mean that I am
ungrateful to them; it just means that I have a lousy memory.
Bangalo re
Augu, 2013 (Ravikumar B.P.)
vi
CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE No.
I INTRODUCTION 1-5
II REVIEW OF LITRERATURE 6-49
III MATERIALS AND METHODS 50-62
IV RESULTS 63-81
V DISCUSSION 82-105
VI SUMMARY 106-110
VII BIBLIOGRAPHY 111-154
VIII ABSTRACT 155
IX APPENDIX 156

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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Title
No. No.
1 Incidence of repeat breeding syndrome in dairy cows 65
2 Incidence of repeat breeding syndrome in relation to parity 67
3 Incidence of repeat breeding in relation to age of the cow 67
4 Incidence of repeat breeding in relation to season 67
5 Incidence of repeat breeding in relation to body condition score 69
Conception rate of repeat breeding cows inseminated during
6 71
spontaneous estrus (control group –Group-A)
Conception rate of repeat breeding cows treated with oxytocin during
7 71
spontaneous estrus (Group-B)
Conception rate of repeat breeding cows treated with intrauterine
8 71
infusion of PGF during spontaneous estrus (Group-C)
2α
Conception rate in repeat breeding cows following artificial
9 insemination during estrus induced using a double injection PGF 73
2α
protocol (Group-D)
Conception rate in repeat breeding cows receiving oxytocin injection
10 during estrus induced by using a double injection PGF protocol 75
2α
(Group-E)
Conception rate in repeat breeding cows receiving intra uterine
11 infusion of PGF during estrus induced by using a double injection 75
2α
PGF protocol(Group-F)
2α
Conception rate in repeat breeding cows subjected to ovsynch protocol
12 77
(Group-G)
Conception rate in repeat breeding cows subjected to ovsynch protocol
13 and receiving oxytocin injection immediately after artificial 77
insemination (Group-H)
Conception rate in repeat breeding cows subjected to ovsynch protocol
14 and receiving intrauterine infusion of PGF after artificial 79
2α
insemination (Group-I)
Comparison of conception rate in repeat breeding cows subjected to
15 79
various treatment protocols
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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. Page
Title
No. No.
1 Standard curve for the progesterone assay 63
2 Per cent conception rate recorded in control and treatment groups 80

ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
% Per cent
Mg/dl Milligram per deciliter
g/dl Gram per deciliter
Pg/ml Pico gram per mililitre
ng/ml Nano gram per mililitre
µg/ml Micro gram per mililitre
0C Degree(s) Celsius
hCG Human chorionic gonadotropin
LH Luteinising hormone
FSH Follicle stimulating hormone
GnRH Gonadotropin releasing hormone
P4 Progesterone
EED Early embryonic death
IU International unit
U Units
Ml Milli litre
m mol/L Milli mol per litre
SE Standard error
AI Artificial insemination
FTAI Fixed time artificial insemination
HAI Heat Artificial Insemination
HS Heat stress
CR Conception rate
x