Effects of Poisonous Plants on Livestock

571 Pages·1978·10.433 MB·English

by  Richard F. Keeler, Kent R. Van Kampen and Lynn F. James (Eds.)

ACADEMIC PRESS RAPID MANUSCRIPT REPRODUCTION
Proceedings of a Joint United States-Australian Symposium
on Poisonous Plants at Utah State University, Logan, Utah,
June 19-24, 1977.
EFFECTS of
POISONOUS PLANTS
on LIVESTOCK
Edited by
RICHARD F. KEELER
Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Logan, Utah
KENT R. VAN KAMPEN
Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences
Utah State University
Logan, Utah
LYNN F. JAMES
Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Logan, Utah
ACADEMIC PRESS New York San Francisco London 1978
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
The United States-Australian Symposium on Poisonous Plants was
held under the auspices of the United States-Australian Agreement
for Scientific and Technical Cooperation for Joint Meetings.
Financial and physical facility support were generously provided by
the National Science Foundation, the Australian Department of
Science, the Agricultural Research Service of the United States
Department of Agriculture, and by Utah State University.
COPYRIGHT © 1978, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR
TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC
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ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Ill Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003
United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD.
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Joint United States-Australian Symposium on Poisonous
Plants, Utah State University, 1977.
Effects of poisonous plants on livestock.
"Held under the auspices of the United States-
Australian Agreement for Scientific and Technical
Cooperation for Joint Meetings."
1. Stock poisoning plants—Congresses. 2. Stock
poisoning plants—UnitedStates—Congresses. 3. Stock
poisoningplants—Australia—Congresses. I. Keeler,
Richard F. II. Van Kampen, Kent R. III. James,
LynnF. IV. Title.
SF757.5.J64 1977 636.089'59'52 77-25330
ISBN 0-12-403250-8
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
List of Participants
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
HELEN ACLAND, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsyl-
vania 19348
A.F. ALEXANDER (285), Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
80523
J.G. ALLEN (241), Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Perth,
Western Australia, Australia
MILTON J. ALLISON (101), National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural
Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa 50010
CHARLES K. ANDERSON, Veterinary Research Laboratory, Montana
State University, Bozeman, Montana 59715
E. MURL BAILEY, JR., College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Agricultural
Experiment Station, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas
77840
J.M. BENSON (273), Department of Environmental Toxicology, University
of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
JAMES P. BLAISDELL, USDA Forest Service, Intermtn. Forest and Range
Experimental Station, Ogden, Utah 84403
J.T. BLAKE, Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University
—UMC 56, Logan, Utah 84322
CHARLES H. BRIDGES, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College
of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas
77840
GARY W. BRIDGES, Veterinary Phys. and Pharm., College of Veterinary
Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77840
DENNIS BROWN (409), Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, USDA, Logan, Utah 84321
DONALD R. BUHLER, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Oregon
State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
J.W. CALL (587), Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State Uni-
versity—UMC 56, Logan, Utah 84322
JAMES R. CARLSON (251, 261), Department of Animal Science, Washing-
ton State University, Pullman, Washington 99163
IX
χ LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
ARTHUR A. CASE, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veteri-
nary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Colum-
bia, Missouri 65201
PETER CHEEKE, Department of Animal Science, Oregon State University,
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
P.A. COCKRUM (565), CSIRO, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Pri-
vate Bag, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
ERIC E. CONN (301), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Univer-
sity of California, Davis, Cahfornia 95616
D.R. CORDY (327), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medi-
cine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
R.I. COX (451), Ian Clunies Ross Animal Research Laboratory, Prospect,
CSIRO Division of Animal Production, Blacktown NSW 2148, Australia
E.H. CRONIN (521), Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, USD A, Logan, Utah 84321
M. WARD CROWE (419), Department of Veterinary Science, University of
Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40504
C.C.J. CULVENOR (189, 349, 565), CSIRO Division of Animal Health,
PHI Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
EARL O. DICKINSON (251, 261), Department of Veterinary Science, Uni-
versity of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
JOHN O. DICKINSON (201), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington
State University, Wagner Hall, Pullman, Washington 99164
ALAN R. DOSTER (311), Pathology Department, College of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
EARL L. DRAKE, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Nevada,
Reno, Nevada 89511
DON D. DWYER (13), Department of Range Science, Utah State University
—UMC 52, Logan, Utah 84322
GARY R. EVANS, Soil Conservation Service, USDA, Washington, D.C.
20013
SELWYN L. EVERIST (47, 93), Consultant Botanist, 13 Sunset Avenue,
Bongaree, Bribie Island, Queensland 4507, Australia
MURRAY E. FOWLER, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of
California, Davis, Cahfornia 95616
HARRY JAMES FOX, Bureau of Land Management, Division of Range,
U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240
J.L. FRAHN (349, 565), CSIRO, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Pri-
vate Bag, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
JOHN E. GARST (311), Biochemistry Department, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tennessee 37232
ROBERT T. GEMMELL (229), Department of Anatomy, University of
Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS xi
EDWIN R. GOODE, JR., Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville,
Maryland 20705
W.J. HARTLEY (363, 391), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
ERNEST HASKELL, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Berkeley, Cali-
fornia 94705
STEPHEN L. HATCH, Department of Animal and Range Science, New
Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88001
TREVOR J. HEATH (229), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of
Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
M.P. HEGARTY (575), CSIRO, Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures,
Cunningham Laboratory, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
WERNER HERZ (487), Department of Chemistry, Florida State University,
Tallahassee, Florida 32306
A. HOLIAN (217), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19174
S.K. HOLIAN (217), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19174
P.T. HOOPER (161, 337), Arid Zone Research Institute, Alice Springs, NT
5750, Australia
J. HRDLICKA (241), Veterinary School, University of Queensland, St.
Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
M.W. HULL (217), Veterinary Research Laboratory, Montana State Univer-
sity, Bozeman, Montana 59715
J.C. HURLEY (217), Department of Chemistry, Eastern Montana College,
BiUings, Montana 59101
G. WAYNE IVIE (475), Veterinary Toxicology and Entomology Research
Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station,
Texas 77840
M.V. JAGO (349), CSIRO, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Private
Bag, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
LYNN F. JAMES (3, 135, 139, 379, 465, 587), Poisonous Plant Research
Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Logan, Utah 84321
P.W. JENNINGS (217), Department of Chemistry, Montana State Univer-
sity, Bozeman, Montana 59715
A. EARL JOHNSON (209, 273), Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Ag-
ricultural Research Service, USDA, Logan, Utah 84321
JOHN D. JONES, Agriculture Canada, Food Research Institute, Central
Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OC6, Canada
RICHARD F. KEELER (273, 397), Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Logan, Utah 84321
W.R. KELLY (293), Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of
Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
xii LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
BRUCE W. KENNEDY, Nutrition and Avian Sciences Department, Univer-
sity of California, Davis, California 95616
ROBERT R. KING (201), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State
University, Pullman, Washington 99163
JOHN M. KINGSBURY (81), Plant Science Building, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York 14850
G.W. LANIGAN (349), CSIRO, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Pri-
vate Bag, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
J.S. LEE (241), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of South Korea,
Suewon, South Korea
P. LEE (217), Department of Industrial Engineering, Montana State Univer-
sity, Bozeman, Montana 59715
H.W. LEIPOLD (429), Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
ROBERT D. LINNABARY (311), Pathology Department, Vanderbilt Uni-
versity, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
TRAVIS LITTLEDIKE, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Re-
search Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa 50010
T. McEWAN (147), Department of Primary Industries, Animal Research In-
stitute, Fairfield Road—Yeerongpilly, Brisbane, Queensland 4105, Aus-
tralia
M.D. McGAVIN, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medi-
cine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37901
WALTER MAJAK, Agriculture Canada, Range Research Station, Kam-
loops, British Columbia V2B 8A9, Canada
A.R. MATTOCKS (177), Medical Research Council Laboratories, Carshal-
ton, Surrey SM5 4EF, England
GENE W. MILLER (35), Department of Biology, Utah State University,
Logan, Utah 84322
RUSSELL J. MOLYNEUX, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural
Research Service, USDA, Albany, California 94710
P.H. MORTIMER (353), Research Division, New Zealand Department of
Agriculture, Ruakura Agricultural Research Center, Hamilton, New
Zealand
DANIEL J. MUCHIRI, Agency of International Development, Veterinary
Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A & M University, College Sta-
tion, Texas 77843
STEVEN S. NICHOLSON, Louisiana State University, Cooperative Exten-
sion Service and School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisi-
ana 70815
D. B. NIELSEN (521), Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, USDA, Logan, Utah 84321
FREDERICK W. OEHME (67), Comparative Toxicology Laboratory, Kan-
sas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS xiii
JOHN D. OLSEN (535), Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural
Research Service, USDA, Logan, Utah 84321
ARLAND E. OLSON (35), Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah
State University, Logan, Utah 84322
O.E. OLSON (121), Chemistry Department, South Dakota State University,
Brookings, South Dakota 57006
R.J. PANCIERA (499, 555), Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074
MICHAEL A. PASS (229), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of
Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
HOWARD B. PETERSON (35), Department of Agriculture and Irrigation
Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322
R.D. PLOWMAN, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Utah State Uni-
versity—UMC 48, Logan, Utah 84322
J.A.S. PRIBANIC (217), Chemistry Department, Montana State University,
Bozeman, Montana 59715
JOHN C. REAGER, Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Col-
lege Station, Texas 77840
S.K. REEDER (217), Sunkist Growers, Inc., Ontario, Cahfornia 91761
GUY E. REYNOLDS, School of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State Univer-
sity, CorvalHs, Oregon 97331
R.W. RHEES (465), Zoology Department, Brigham Young University,
Provo, Utah 84601
J.D. ROBBINS, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Richard B. Russell
Agricultural Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605
J.E. ROBBINS (217), Chemistry Station, Montana State University, Boze-
man, Montana 59715
JOSEPH L. SCHUSTER (23), Department of Range Science, Texas A & M
University, College Station, Texas 77843
ALAN A. SEAWRIGHT (229, 241, 293), Veterinary School, University of
Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
H.J. SEGALL, Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis, Cahfornia 95616
J.N. SEIBER (273), Department of Environmental Toxicology, University
of California, Davis, Cahfornia 95616
LLOYD A. SELBY (441), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201
WARREN C. SHAW, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville,
Maryland 20705
J.L. SHUPE (35), Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State Uni-
versity—UMC 48, Logan, Utah 84322
ROBERT SIMMONS, 521 North 7th East, Boise, Idaho 83702
CS. SISODIA, W.C.V.M., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sas-
katchewan S7N OWO, Canada
xiv LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
HARRY E. SMALLEY, Veterinary Toxicology and Entomology Research
Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station,
Texas 77840
L.W. SMITH (565), CSIRO, Animal Health Research Laboratory, Private
Bag, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Austraha
ROBERT E. STEGER, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, San Angelo,
Texas 76901
FRANK R. STERMITZ (371), Department of Chemistry, Colorado State
University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 60523
HARVEY L. TOOKEY (507), Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Ag-
ricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, Illinois 61604
CECIL H. VANETTEN (507), Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Ag-
ricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IHinois 61604
KENT R. VAN KAMPEN (135, 465), Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sci-
ences, Utah State University—UMC 48, Logan, Utah 84322
R.H. WASSERMAN (545), Department of Physical Biology, New York
State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853
J.H. WHITTEM (7, 57), Embassy of Australia, Washington, D.C. 20036
AGEE M. WIGGINS, School of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University,
Auburn, Alabama 36830
M. COBURN WILLIAMS (379), Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Logan, Utah 84321
BENJAMIN J. WILSON (311), Environmental Toxicology Center, School
of Medicine, VanderbiU University, Nashville, Tennessee 37215
DAVID G. WILSON, Bureau of Land Management (D-330), Denver Federal
Center, Denver, Colorado 80225
GAROLD S. YOST (371), School of Pharmacy, University of California,
San Francisco, California 94143
Preface
The effects of plants on livestock have been a concern since man became
aware that some plants were poisonous. However, concerted effort to study
these effects awaited organized application of the scientific method and,
more particularly, development of certain physical and biological sciences.
By the beginning of the twentieth century, studies were well underway in
both the United States and Australia. Research in these two countries on the
effects of poisonous plants on livestock has been in the forefront since that
time. It has been stimulated by the nature of pastoral practices in the two
countries, where much of the land has not been suited to uses other than live-
stock grazing. Research began with the identification of hazardous plants,
and then progressed to studies of the gross and microscopic effects of the
plants on animals and to studies on biochemical mechanisms of action once
identification of toxins was achieved. Recently, efforts have centered on elu-
cidation of structural, configurational, and conformational aspects of toxins
using analogs and on more precise definition of pathologic effects. The driv-
ing force throughout has been the hope that one could utilize the body of
knowledge to reduce morbidity and mortality of livestock in the field.
This volume is the outcome of a U.S.-Australian symposium on the effects
of poisonous plants on domestic livestock. The symposium was held at Utah
State University in Logan, Utah, on June 19-24, 1977. The material in each
chapter was presented at the symposium generally by the senior author. In a
few instances, the papers were read by a colleague, as noted in the table of
contents. In addition to the contributions that make up the chapters of this
volume, a number of movies and informal papers were presented at the sym-
posium. They are not published here, but were significant contributions to
the success of the symposium. They were the following:
Movies
Perennial Ryegrass Staggers, P. H. Mortimer
Phalaris Staggers, W. J. Hartley
Bermuda Grass Tremors, S. S. Nicholson
Cycad Poisoning, P. T. Hooper
Lathyrism in the Horse, M. E. Fowler
Yellow Wood Poisoning in Cattle and Sheep, A. A. Seawright
Pimelea Poisoning (St. George Disease), A. A. Seawright
Macrozamia Poisoning in Cattle, A. A. Seawright
XV