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Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice 91 Masahisa Deguchi Editor Effective Enforcement of Creditors’ Rights Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice Volume 91 SeriesEditors MortimerSellers,UniversityofBaltimore,Baltimore,MD,USA JamesMaxeiner,UniversityofBaltimore,Baltimore,MD,USA EditorialBoard MyroslavaAntonovych,Kyiv-MohylaAcademy,Kyiv,Ukraine NadiadeAraújo,PontificalCatholicUniversityofRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro, Brazil JasnaBakšic-Muftic,UniversityofSarajevo,Sarajevo,BosniaandHerzegovina DavidL.CareyMiller,UniversityofAberdeen,Aberdeen,UK LoussiaP.MusseFélix,UniversityofBrasilia,FederalDistrict,Brazil EmanuelGross,UniversityofHaifa,Haifa,Israel JamesE.HickeyJr.,HofstraUniversity,SouthHempstead,NY,USA JanKlabbers,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,Finland CláudiaLimaMarques,FederalUniversityofRioGrandedoSul,PortoAlegre, Brazil AnicetoMasferrer,UniversityofValencia,Valencia,Spain EricMillard,WestParisUniversity,NanterreCedex,France GabriëlA.Moens,CurtinUniversity,Perth,Australia RaulC.Pangalangan,UniversityofthePhilippines,QuezonCity,Philippines RicardoLeitePinto,LusíadaUniversityofLisbon,Lisboa,Portugal MizanurRahman,UniversityofDhaka,Dhaka,Bangladesh KeitaSato,ChuoUniversity,Tokyo,Japan PoonamSaxena,UniversityofDelhi,NewDelhi,India GerrySimpson,LondonSchoolofEconomics,London,UK EduardSomers,UniversityofGhent,Gent,Belgium XinqiangSun,ShandongUniversity,Shandong,China TadeuszTomaszewski,WarsawUniversity,Warsaw,Poland JaapdeZwaan,ErasmusUniversityRotterdam,Rotterdam,TheNetherlands Ius Gentium is a book series which discusses the central questions of law and justice from a comparative perspective. The books in this series collect the contrasting and overlapping perspectives of lawyers, judges, philosophers and scholars of law from the world’s many different jurisdictions for the purposes of comparison, harmonisation, and the progressive development of law and legal institutions. Each volume makes a new comparative study of an important area of law. This book series continues the work of the well-known journal of the same nameandprovidesthebasisforabetterunderstandingofallareasoflegalscience. The Ius Gentium series provides a valuable resource for lawyers, judges, legislators, scholars, and both graduate students and researchers in globalisation, comparative law, legal theory and legal practice. The series has a special focus on the development of international legal standards and transnational legal cooperation. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/7888 Masahisa Deguchi Editor Effective Enforcement of Creditors’ Rights Editor MasahisaDeguchi FacultyofLaw RitsumeikanUniversity Kyoto,Japan ISSN1534-6781 ISSN2214-9902 (electronic) IusGentium:ComparativePerspectivesonLawandJustice ISBN978-981-16-5608-8 ISBN978-981-16-5609-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5609-5 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SingaporePteLtd.2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsofreprinting,reuseofillustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Dedicatedtomytwoacademicmentors,the lateProfessorDr.Dr.h.c.PeterArensin GermanyandthelateProfessorDr.Dr.h.c. mult.AkiraIshikawainJapan MasahisaDeguchi Preface Thisbookexploresthecommonalitiesanddivergencesinenforcementproceedings ofthefollowingcountries:Germany,Japan,Korea,France,UK,Switzerland,Austria, Spain,Poland,Russia,TheNetherlands,NorthAmerica,Taiwan,Brazil,Argentina, andtheEU.Theproblemofenforcingamoneyjudgmentexistsineverylegalsystem intheworld,butthemethodsandorientationvarysignificantly.Effectiveenforcement proceedingsarecrucialtoensurefullaccesstojusticeforcreditors.Completeandfull knowledge of the debtor’s assets is crucial to choose the appropriate enforcement measure. But each legal system must balance the creditors’ right to an efficient enforcement with the debtors’ rights. The wide differences between enforcement proceedingsmirrorthewayeachsocietytriestofindabalancebetweenconfronting rightsandinterests. This book explores and compares how different legal systems approach these issueswithafocusonthediscoveryofdebtor’sassets,whichisacommonproblem toenforcementandexecutionproceedingsinalmosteveryjurisdiction. The editor organized the international symposium “Effective Enforcement of Creditor’sRightinCivilExecutionthroughEffectiveDiscoveryofDebtor’sAssets” from 6th through 8th November 2019, at Ritsumeikan University in Kyoto/Japan. Thisbookisbasedonthissymposium,anditisthefirstbooktocompareenforcement proceedingsaroundtheworldandpresentsavarietyofarticlesandcountryreports fromleadingexpertsfromfourcontinents.Itrepresentsthejointworkofprofessors andlegalauthorities. Iwouldliketothankmydearcolleagueswhohavecontributedtomyacademic adventure. They were contributing as reporters, moderators, commentators, and discussants to the three days of this academic and cultural event. I am very glad andhonoredthatIcouldrealizeareallyfruitfulandexcitingacademicactivitywith mydeardistinguishedcolleagues. This book was supported financially by JSPS KAKENHI, Grant Number JP20K01407, the Shihokyokai, Nihon Hosei Gakkai, Shakaikagaku Kokusaikoryu Egusa Kikin, Zenkoku Ginkou Gakujyutsukenkyuu Shinkouzaidan, Kokusai- bunkakoryuujigyoudan, Jinbun Research Office of Ritsumeikan University. I also thankProf.Dr.JamesMaxeinerandProf.Dr.MortimerSellerswhohaveaccepted vii viii Preface thisbookaspartoftheirbookSeriesIusGentium:ComparativePerspectivesonLaw andJustice ofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia.Iwouldliketothankallofthem sincerely. Lastly, I must also thank my academic assistant Mr. Tha-Phuong VO from Freiburg/Germanyandmycolleagues,staff,andstudentsatRitsumeikanUniversity, whohavesupportedmyinternationalacademicadventure. Kyoto,Japan Prof.Dr.MasahisaDeguchi July2020 HonoraryVicePresidentofInternational AssociationofProceduralLaw(IAPL) Contents EnforcementAgainstMovablePropertyinGermany ................. 1 PeterGottwald ClarificationofFactsinAustrianEnforcementLaw ................... 17 WalterH.Rechberger CommentsonthePaperofProfessorDr.WalterH.Rechberger; ClarificationofFactsinAustrianEnforcementLaw ................... 23 MaikoMiyashita TheEffectiveDisclosureoftheDebtor’sAssetsinEnforcement Proceedings ....................................................... 27 BurkhardHess EffectiveRightsProtectioninCivilEnforcement ..................... 43 LoïcCadiet Comments on Information Concerning the Debtor’s Assets fortheEnforcementProceeding ..................................... 49 ÁlvaroPérezRagone America’sBYOApproachtoEnforcingMoneyJudgments ............ 57 RichardMarcus Fact Clarification and Effective Legal Protection in Civil EnforcementLawinJapan ......................................... 71 MasahisaDeguchi InvestigationofDebtor’sPropertyinJapan—ToMakeClaims TrulyEnforceable ................................................. 85 HiroshiTega CommentonCivilEnforcementReformsfromaComparative andHistoricalPerspective .......................................... 89 OmiHatashin ix x Contents ProposalforaProceduretoStrengthenCreditor’sClaimsWhile ProtectingDebtor’sQualityofLifeandPrivacyinJapan .............. 95 HirokoNamuraandShigehideKoyanagi Some Comments on the Proposals of the Study Group fromaGermanPerspective ......................................... 111 WolfgangLüke Commenton“AProposalofaProceduretoStrengthenCreditor’s ClaimsWhileProtectingDebtor’sQualityofLifeandPrivacy in Japan” by the Study Group for Improvement of Civil EnforcementLaw ................................................. 117 Hans-PeterMarutschke TheEuropeanAccountPreservationOrderinDutchPractice ......... 121 BartKransandPaulineRibbers TheInvestigationintotheDebtor’sAssetsinCivilEnforcements Proceedings ....................................................... 145 GuillermoOrmazabal TowardsMoreEffectiveEnforcementProceedingsThroughMore EffectiveAssetDiscovery ........................................... 153 FernandoGascón-Inchausti Finding Defendant’s Assets in Proceedings to Enforce Money JudgmentsinSwitzerland .......................................... 171 SamuelP.BaumgartnerandMartinHeisch Searching Assets and Pressuring the Debtor for an Effective Enforcement:AnOverviewoftheBrazilianExecutionProceedings .... 187 AntonioCabral PolishEnforcementLawinCivilCasesGeneralCharacteristics andDirectionsofDevelopment ...................................... 199 PiotrRylskiandKarolWeitz EffectiveEnforcementofCreditor’sRightsinCivilExecution ThroughEffectiveDiscoveryofDebtor’sAssetsinTaiwan ............. 217 Kuan-LingShen The Problem of the Disclosure of the Debtor’s Assets inEnforcementProceedings ........................................ 221 Moon-hyuckHo Some Characteristics of the Recourse to Debtors’ Finances andTheirOtherAssetsinRussia ................................... 227 AnastasiyaChekmareva