Effective Databases for Text & Document Management

387 Pages·2003·3.49 MB·English

by  Shirley Becker

Effective Databases
for Text &
Document
Management
Shirley A. Becker
Northern Arizona University, USA
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Becker, Shirley A., 1956-
Effective databases for text & document management / Shirley A.
Becker.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-931777-47-0 (softcover) -- ISBN 1-931777-63-2 (e-book)
1. Business--Databases. 2. Database management. I. Title: Effective
databases for text and document management. II. Title.
HD30.2.B44 2003
005.74--dc21
2002156233
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
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Effective Databases for
Text & Document
Management
Table of Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................vii
Shirley A. Becker, Northern Arizona University, USA
Section I: Information Extraction and Retrieval in Web-Based Systems
Chapter I. System of Information Retrieval in XML Documents........................1
Saliha Smadhi, Université de Pau, France
Chapter II. Information Extraction from Free-Text Business
Documents.................................................................................................................12
Witold Abramowicz, The Poznan University of Economics, Poland
Jakub Piskorski, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in
Saarbruecken, Germany
Chapter III. Interactive Indexing of Documents with a Multilingual
Thesaurus .................................................................................................................24
Ulrich Schiel, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brazil
Ianna M.S.F. de Sousa, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brazil
Chapter IV. Managing Document Taxonomies in Relational Databases ...........36
Ido Millet, Penn State Erie, USA
Chapter V. Building Signature-Trees on Path Signatures in Document
Databases...................................................................................................................53
Yangjun Chen, University of Winnipeg, Canada
Gerald Huck, IPSI Institute, Germany
Chapter VI. Keyword-Based Queries Over Web Databases................................74
Altigran S. da Silva, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brazil
Pável Calado, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Rodrigo C. Vieira, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Alberto H.F. Laender, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Bertheir A. Ribeiro-Neto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Chapter VII. Unifying Access to Heterogeneous Document Databases
Through Contextual Metadata.................................................................................93
Virpi Lyytikäinen, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Pasi Tiitinen, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Airi Salminen, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Section II: Data Management and Web Technologies
Chapter VIII. Database Management Issues in the Web Environment ..............109
J.F. Aldana Montes, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
A.C. Gómez Lora, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
N. Moreno Vergara, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
M.M. Roldán García, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
Chapter IX. Applying JAVA-Triggers for X-Link Management in the Industrial
Framework................................................................................................................135
Abraham Alvarez, Laboratoire d’Ingéniere des Systèmes d’Information,
INSA de Lyon, France
Y. Amghar, Laboratoire d’Ingéniere des Systèmes d’Information,
INSA de Lyon, France
Section III: Advances in Database and Supporting Technologies
Chapter X. Metrics for Data Warehouse Quality................................................156
Manuel Serrano, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
Coral Calero, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
Mario Piattini, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
Chapter XI. Novel Indexing Method of Relations Between Salient Objects ......174
R. Chbeir, Laboratoire Electronique Informatique et Image, Université de
Bourgogne, France
Y. Amghar, Laboratoire d’Ingéniere des Systèmes d’Information,
INSA de Lyon, France
A. Flory, Laboratoire d’Ingéniere des Systèmes d’Information,
INSA de Lyon, France
Chapter XII. A Taxonomy for Object-Relational Queries...................................183
David Taniar, Monash University, Australia
Johanna Wenny Rahayu, La Trobe University, Australia
Prakash Gaurav Srivastava, La Trobe University, Australia
Chapter XIII. Re-Engineering and Automation of Business Processes:
Criteria for Selecting Supporting Tools................................................................221
Aphrodite Tsalgatidou, University of Athens, Greece
Mara Nikolaidou, University of Athens, Greece
Chapter XIV. Active Rules and Active Databases: Concepts and Applications.234
Juan M. Ale, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Mauricio Minuto Espil, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Section IV: Advances in Relational Database Theory, Methods and Practices
Chapter XV. On the Computation of Recursion in Relational Databases .........263
Yangjun Chen, University of Winnipeg, Canada
Chapter XVI. Understanding Functional Dependency.........................................278
Robert A. Schultz, Woodbury University, USA
Chapter XVII. Dealing with Relationship Cardinality Constraints in Relational
Database Design.......................................................................................................288
Dolores Cuadra Fernández, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
Paloma Martínez Fernández, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
Elena Castro Galán, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
Chapter XVIII. Repairing and Querying Inconsistent Databases......................318
Gianluigi Greco, Università della Calabria, Italy
Sergio Greco, Università della Calabria, Italy
Ester Zumpano, Università della Calabria, Italy
About the Authors.....................................................................................................360
Index ..........................................................................................................................368
vii
Preface
The focus of this book is effective databases for text and document management
inclusive of new and enhanced techniques, methods, theories and practices. The re-
search contained in these chapters is of particular significance to researchers and
practitioners alike because of the rapid pace at which the Internet and related technolo-
gies are changing our world. Already there is a vast amount of data stored in local
databases and Web pages (HTML, DHTML, XML and other markup language docu-
ments). In order to take advantage of this wealth of knowledge, we need to develop
effective ways of extracting, retrieving and managing the data. In addition, advances in
both database and Web technologies require innovative ways of dealing with data in
terms of syntactic and semantic representation, integrity, consistency, performance
and security.
One of the objectives of this book is to disseminate research that is based on
existing Web and database technologies for improved information extraction and re-
trieval capabilities. Another important objective is the compilation of international ef-
forts in database systems, and text and document management in order to share the
innovation and research advances being done at a global level.
The book is organized into four sections, each of which contains chapters that
focus on similar research in the database and Web technology areas. In the section
entitled, Information Extraction and Retrieval in Web-Based Systems, Web and data-
base theories, methods and technologies are shown to be efficient at extracting and
retrieving information from Web-based documents. In the first chapter, “System of
Information Retrieval in XML Documents,” Saliha Smadhi introduces a process for
retrieving relevant information from XML documents. Smadhi’s approach supports
keyword-based searching, and ranks the retrieval of information based on the similarity
with the user’s query. In “Information Extraction from Free-Text Business Documents,”
Witold Abramowicz and Jakub Piskorski investigate the applicability of information
extraction techniques to free-text documents typically retrieved from Web-based sys-
tems. They also demonstrate the indexing potential of lightweight linguistic text pro-
cessing techniques in order to process large amounts of textual data.
In the next chapter, “Interactive Indexing of Documents with a Multilingual The-
saurus,” Ulrich Schiel and Ianna M.S.F. de Sousa present a method for semi-automatic
indexing of electronic documents and construction of a multilingual thesaurus. This
method can be used for query formulation and information retrieval. Then in the next
chapter, “Managing Document Taxonomies in Relational Databases,” Ido Millet ad-
viii
dresses the challenge of applying relational technologies in managing taxonomies used
to classify documents, knowledge and websites into topic hierarchies. Millet explains
how denormalization of the data model facilitates data retrieval from these topic hierar-
chies. Millet also describes the use of database triggers to solving data maintenance
difficulties once the data model has been denormalized.
Yangjun Chen and Gerald Huck, in “Building Signature-Trees on Path Signatures
in Document Databases,” introduce PDOM (persistent DOM) to accommodate docu-
ments as permanent object sets. They propose a new indexing technique in combina-
tion with signature-trees to accelerate the evaluation of path-oriented queries against
document object sets and to expedite scanning of signatures stored in a physical file.
In the chapter, “Keyword-Based Queries of Web Databases,” Altigran S. da Silva, Pável
Calado, Rodrigo C. Vieira, Alberto H.F. Laender and Berthier A. Ribeiro-Neto describe
the use of keyword-based querying as a suitable alternative to the use of Web inter-
faces based on multiple forms. They show how to rank the possible large number of
answers returned by a query according to relevant criteria and typically done by Web
search engines. Virpi Lyytikäinen, Pasi Tiitinen and Airi Salminen, in “Unifying Access
to Heterogeneous Document Databases Through Contextual Metadata,” introduce a
method for collecting contextual metadata and representing metadata to users via graphi-
cal models. The authors demonstrate their proposed solution by a case study whereby
information is retrieved from European, distributed database systems.
In the next section entitled, Data Management and Web Technologies, research
efforts in data management and Web technologies are discussed. In the first chapter,
“Database Management Issues in the Web Environment,” J.F. Aldana Montes, A.C.
Gómez Lora, N. Moreno Vergara and M.M. Roldán García address relevant issues in
Web technology, including semi-structured data and XML, data integrity, query optimi-
zation issues and data integration issues. In the next chapter, “Applying JAVA-Trig-
gers for X-Link Management in the Industrial Framework,” Abraham Alvarez and Y.
Amghar provide a generic relationship validation mechanism by combining XLL (X-link
and X-pointer) specification for integrity management and Java-triggers as an alert
mechanism.
The third section is entitled, Advances in Database and Supporting Technolo-
gies. This section encompasses research in relational and object databases, and it also
presents ongoing research in related technologies. In this section’s first chapter,
“Metrics for Data Warehouse Quality,” Manuel Serrano, Coral Calero and Mario Piattini
propose a set of metrics that has been formally and empirically validated for assessing
the quality of data warehouses. The overall objective of their research is to provide a
practical means of assessing alternative data warehouse designs. R. Chbeir, Y. Amghar
and A. Flory identify the importance of new management methods in image retrieval in
their chapter, “Novel Indexing Method of Relations Between Salient Objects.” The
authors propose a novel method for identifying and indexing several types of relations
between salient objects. Spatial relations are used to show how the authors’ method
can provide high expressive power to relations when compared to traditional methods.
In the next chapter, “A Taxonomy for Object-Relational Queries,” David Taniar,
Johanna Wenny Rahayu and Prakash Gaurav Srivastava classify object-relational que-
ries into REF, aggregate and inheritance queries. The authors have done this in order to
provide an understanding of the full capability of object-relational query language in
terms of query processing and optimization. Aphrodite Tsalgatidou and Mara Nikolaidou
describe a criteria set for selecting appropriate Business Process Modeling Tools
ix
(BPMTs) and Workflow Management Systems (WFMSs) in “Re-Engineering and Auto-
mation of Business Processes: Criteria for Selecting Supporting Tools.” This criteria
set provides management and engineering support for selecting a toolset that would
allow them to successfully manage the business process transformation. In the last
chapter of this section, “Active Rules and Active Databases: Concepts and Applica-
tions,” Juan M. Ale and Mauricio Minuto Espil analyze concepts related to active rules
and active databases. In particular, they focus on database triggers using the SQL-1999
standard committee’s point of view. They also discuss the interaction between active
rules and declarative database constraints from both static and dynamic perspectives.
The final section of the book is entitled, Advances in Relational Database Theory,
Methods and Practices. This section includes research efforts focused on advance-
ments in relational database theory, methods and practices. In the chapter, “On the
Computation of Recursion in Relational Databases,” Yangjun Chen presents an encod-
ing method to support the efficient computation of recursion. A linear time algorithm
has also been devised to identify a sequence of reachable trees covering all the edges
of a directed acyclic graph. Together, the encoding method and algorithm allow for the
computation of recursion. The author proposes that this is especially suitable for a
relational database environment. Robert A. Schultz, in the chapter “Understanding
Functional Dependency,” examines whether functional dependency in a database sys-
tem can be considered solely on an extensional basis in terms of patterns of data
repetition. He illustrates the mix of both intentional and extensional elements of func-
tional dependency, as found in popular textbook definitions.
In the next chapter, “Dealing with Relationship Cardinality Constraints in Rela-
tional Database Design,” Dolores Cuadra Fernández, Paloma Martínez Fernández and
Elena Castro Galán propose to clarify the meaning of the features of conceptual data
models. They describe the disagreements between main conceptual models, the confu-
sion in the use of their constructs and open problems associated with these models.
The authors provide solutions in the clarification of the relationship construct and to
extend the cardinality constraint concept in ternary relationships. In the final chapter,
“Repairing and Querying Inconsistent Databases,” Gianluigi Greco, Sergio Greco and
Ester Zumpano discuss the integration of knowledge from multiple data sources and its
importance in constructing integrated systems. The authors illustrate techniques for
repairing and querying databases that are inconsistent in terms of data integrity con-
straints.
In summary, this book offers a breadth of knowledge in database and Web tech-
nologies, primarily as they relate to the extraction retrieval, and management of text
documents. The authors have provided insight into theory, methods, technologies and
practices that are sure to be of great value to both researchers and practitioners in
terms of effective databases for text and document management.