Effect of vitamin C and vitamin E deficiencies upon nitrogen constituents of muscle tissue

185 Pages·028.126 MB·English

by  Barclay, Marion

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ElfBCf OP VimiiXf' C 41© Vimilxl B bbpxcieijcibs
upoi nitrogen coiasimsms op moscle tissue
by ■
lay Ion Barclay
A Dissertation Submitted to th©
m m m t ® Pitetilty in Partial mifillraemt ©£
tli© Requirements for th& 'Degree -Of
B0GTOE Q¥ .PHXL050PHT
Major Subjectt Physiology
Approveds
Iowa State College
1951
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UMI Number: DP12299
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Q ? S 5 S , N t
li
TABLE OP COJfEBIfyS
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1* XHTRQDUCTION * * » . * * . * * , * * • * ♦ . * * 1
21* HIST0B20AL t 3
A* The structure and CMiaietry
of Skeletal Muscle 3
1, Structure of ilteietai -mis-cle • * * • . • 3
2* Koclwnoehftsiistry of jad.*q1£'• 9
3* The proteins of uaxscl© * * • . * . * • • It
a* The myosin fraction . . . . . . . . 12
b* The act in.'fraction . . . . . . . . • 15
o* %og®ns . » « • * * * * * * * * * * 1?
a* Tropomyosin.. . . . . . . . . . . . . IS
#* wProt:ia:i” . . . . . . . . . . . . • 19
t* The ©nay®© protbins . . . . . . . . 20
4* The non-protein nitrogen Constituents'
of skeletal muscle . . . . . . . . * * * 21
B* fitaain C Befioioaef and Suscle'
Pvotela latabollsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
A* Qualitative description of scurvy . . « 27
'£* Biochemical inferences . . . . . . . . . 28
5* Muscle • • * • • • • « • . . . . . • • • 30
a* Gross description'of the ituaele
in scurvy * * * * * * * * * * * * * 30
b. Histology * * * * * « * # * • » * » 30
c* chemistry '®f nitrogen compounds
in scorbutic smsel© . . . . * • • • 31
C»^ Pitaiain E Deficiency and Muscle
Protein Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
'T'WvT
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X* Quftlitativs description • • » • « • * » * « S3
I# Biochemical inferences • * « * . . . . . . 33
Sfusel# . • 35
3 * . . • • • • « . . « • • • •- * * *
** O w n dseerlptlou . . . . . . . . . * • 35
h# Bl stole gy . • • • • « • » • • « • • • . 58
c. ...............
Chemistry 56
c* ^ .yltgpo studies of Chang© g in fltrogss
of Skeletal iftiselo .* * . . . . . • . 5S
:X* *Skm effects of prolonged teoper&tta*##'
below 36^F* on nitrogen constituents
of ansole • • • • • + • • • • • • . • • * • 53
i# The effects of prolonged temperatures
above 38°F# upon the nitrogen constituents *
of mi sol# • 55
5*. Autolysi* studio# es ausol* * * • * * ■« * « 59
I I I * EXPEifllElimi, * * * « * • « « * • » • » * ... * * * 03
A* Effects of Prolonged Tttnpsratures below 36°F*
on the Bltrogen Constituents of llusclo . • . • 64
1* Bxpsrinents with beef ousel# . . . . . . * 64
a. f»paration of tbs *«ox&# ■* * * * • » • 64
b* Analytical methods . . . * . . . . . • 6?
«* Result* from tbs beef ousel#
sssper&osuts • . « • . . . . * . . . • 71
2m RxgoasdoBats with‘chicken pectoral!.*
major ousel# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W
a* Preparation of this ssaapl# . * . * * * • 73
b. Analytical mtliods ». * « 4 * » * • * 73
*
e* H#suits from eMcktti ousel# ejqsevlae&ts 84
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Pag©
B. Effect of High Temperatures upon the
ITltrogen Constituents of Muscle 90
1* .Preparation of the samples and
analytical methods . . . . . . . . . . . 90
2* Results 94
€. Effect of Autolyzlng Bnsyatest upon
Muscle Constituents . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
1* Preparation of tlie sample and
analytical methods 100
2* Results . . # . « « . » • • • • • • * • . 101
a# Temperature series ........... 101
D» Effect of Diet upon the nitrogen Con­
stituents of Husole Tissue 106
1* Vitamin C deficiency . . . . . . . *. • • 106
a. Animals -and diet . . . . . . . . . . 106
b* Preparation of samples and
analytical methods 109
c« Re«ult« • • ' « » » * « • » • . » • • • Ill
8« Vitamin 1 deficiency . . . . . . . . . . 130
«.# Aaliaals and diet . . . . . . . . . . 150
b* Results 156
IV. DISCUSSIOlf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 2
V. STJJJM&H3T . 155
VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY.......... . . 160
vii . AGrnwiKmiw^sp...............................175
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1* AHaljiis of Pur# 1%-osifi and Myogen • • • • • • 15
11* Aa&lysi® af Pur® Myosin and Kyogea. hy Bailey ■ * <. 18
lilt Nitrogen Constituents of -Hugel# EKtraet* -of > ••
Doga m%d Horses . . . . . . . . . • • • . * • 2:2
XV* Effect of Prolonged Low Temperatures • (®S$F* and.
*SO°Ft) on the Nitrogen Constituent® ©f Beef
Ilusclea # • * • • « • • • • • « • # # # • t • 72-
Vt Effect of Low Temperature {32°F*) Periods on
nitrogen Constituents of CMolcen--Breast Muscle- 8§
flm Effect of storage at 32°F* on Soa© Constituent*
of tli© Aiaino Acid nitrogen Fraction of Ohickeii
Breast Muscle « • • • * * • • & * • • • * • • 37
¥11* Effect of Storage at 32°F. on Sotm Constituents
of the Total Ifan-Protein Nitrogen Inaction-ef -
Chicken Breast Muscle . . . • • • • • • • • • 89
VXXX* Effect of Autoolaving for Two Hours on Som®
Constituents of Hon-Frotoln. nitrogen Fraotionsi
©f L-eof Muscle , * • * * * . « * * * * « * . * - 95
IX* Effect of Commercial Processing Upon Thro© -
Nitrogen Inactions of Sl35 Different Canned
Products « * • ♦ - • • - * - * ' « ' i - - . ■■ Ji 1 * # - 98
UQQ£ m *
X* Effect of Commercial Processing upon Thro©
Nitrogen fractions of a Variety of Muscle
Tissues Canned for food . . . . . . . *-#-4-*- 99
XX# Effect of Autolyois on the Hon*Protein Nitrogen -
Fraction In Trichloroacetic Acid and Tungstift
Acid filtrates from Chicken Breast■Muscle*
Autolysls at pH 4.00} 40°C* . . . . . . . . . 102
XIX* Total Nitrogen on Chicken Muscle Autolysed at
pH 4,00 at tli© Temperatures Indicated -* ■-* . * * 106
Xiii# Effect of Acute Vitamin C Deficiency* with
Addition of I^Tyroslne* on nitrogen 0©n*
atituents o f Guinea Pig Muscle « • • • * • • * 112
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Pag®'
XIV# Effect of Acute VitccsiR 0 Deficiency on Mae
nitrogen Constituents of Guinea' fig Muscle.£
Series 1 . 114
X?# Effect Of Acute Vitamin G Deficiency on the
nitrogen Constituents of Guinea Pig Musclef
Series 2 • • * • # * • • « • • . • . • . • • • 116
XVI# Effect of Acute Vitamin C Deficiency on
Some Constituent® of th© M a o Acid nitrogen
Fraction of Guinea Pig Muscle; Cories 2 • • # 118
XVII# Effect of Vitamin 0 Deficiency on nitrogen
Constituents of Guinea Pig Musclej Series I*. * 120
XV2XI* Effect of Vitamin 0 Deficiency on nitrogen
Constituents of Guinea Pig Muscle| Series 4# « 124
XIX# Effect of Vitamin E Deficiency on'llitrogeft ' '
Constituents of Rabbit Muscle ♦ * * * , . * * * 136
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Xu Cross section ©£ two striated ousels fibers of a
rabbit* * 4 . * « * • . « . * • * • « . . * » . # §
0* Th© separation of a muscle fiber of a rabbit Into
fibrils after treatment with nitric acid . . . • 5
S* Stained longitudinal sections of portions'of
muscle fiber of man • • . « • • # • * • • • • « 8
4* Electron microscope photography of a fibril from
a cross-striated muscle of the rabbit, loosened, by
supersonic radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5* Electron microscope picture of a'filament' isolated
by means of supersonic radiation* * • • * • • • • 10
6*. Average por cent increase in non-protein nitrogen
after 6 hours incubation at pH 4*00 end the
temperatures stated* . . . . . . . . . * * * * « 103
7* Average per cent .increase In the compound# cited
after 6 hours incubation at pi I 4*0# .and the'
temperatures stated# 105
8* Typical weight curve® of normal a id scorbutic
guinea pigs from series 3 •' * • #• . . . . . . . . 110
©* Total nitrogen, total non-protein nitrogen from,
tungstic acid and trichloroacetic acid filtrates
from normal and scorbutic guinea pig muscle!
series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
10* Total nitrogen, total non-protein nitrogen from
: tungstic acid and trichloroacetic acid filtrate®
from normal and scorbutic guinea pig imiacl®|
series 4 127
1.1* Photomicrograph of losgiiuila&l as&tlan of.....
scorbutic guinea pig thigh mu®cl# * * * * * * * * 189
IS* Typical weight curves of nirsil and dystrophic'
rabbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
15* Total nitrogen, total con-protein nitrogen from
tmgstic acid and trichloroacetic acid filtrates'
from normal and-dystropliic rabbit mu sol© * * * * 158
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