EFFECT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOIL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, YIELD AND GREEN

109 Pages·2016·3.32 MB·English

EFFECT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON
SOIL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT,
YIELD AND GREEN HOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.).

P.LAXMAN RAO

B.Sc. (Ag.)

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
(SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY)

2015
EFFECT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON
SOIL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT,
YIELD AND GREEN HOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.).
By
P. LAXMAN RAO
B.Sc (Ag.)
THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL
UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
(SOIL SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY)

CHAIRPERSON: Dr. G. JAYASREE

DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE & AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE
AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD – 500 030.

2015
CERTIFICATE
Mr. P. LAXMAN RAO has satisfactorily prosecuted the course of research and
that thesis entitled “EFFECT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOIL PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT, YIELD AND GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN MAIZE (Zea
mays L.)." submitted, is the result of original research work and is of sufficiently high
standard to warrant its presentation to the examination. I also certify that neither the thesis
nor its part there of has been previously submitted by him for a degree of any University.

Date: (Dr. G. JAYASREE)
Place: Hyderabad Chairperson
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “EFFECT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS
ON SOIL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, YIELD AND GREEN HOUSE GAS
EMISSIONS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)." submitted inpartial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of ‘MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE’ of the
Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad is a record
of the bonafide original research work carried out by Mr. P. LAXMAN RAO under our

guidance and supervision.
No part of the thesis has been submitted by the student for any other degree or
diploma. The published part and all assistance and help received during the course of the
investigations have been duly acknowledged by the author of the thesis.

(Dr. G. JAYASREE)
Chairperson of the Advisory Committee

Thesis approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee
Chairman Dr. G. JAYA SREE,
Professor,
_________________
Dept. of Soil Science & Agril. chemistry,
Agricultural college, Jagtial, PJTSAU.

Member Dr. T. RAM PRAKASH,
Scientist,
_________________
AICRP on weed control.

Member Dr. G. PRATIBHA,
Principal Scientist, _________________
CRIDA.

Date of final viva-voce:
DECLARATION

I, P. LAXMAN RAO, hereby declare that the thesis entitled “EFFECT OF SOIL
AMENDMENTS ON SOIL PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, YIELD AND GREEN
HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)." submitted to the Professor
Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University for the degree of MASTER OF
SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE is the result of original research work done by me. I also
declare that no material contained in the thesis has been published earlier in any manner.

Date: (P. LAXMAN RAO)
Place: Hyderabad I.D. No: RAM/2013-65
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I deem it as a great pleasure to express my heartfelt gratitude and respect to the
chairman of my advisory committee, Dr. G. Jayasree, professor (Soil Science &Agril.
Chemistry) College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar for suggesting one of her novel thoughts
having blend of scientists and farmers vision as my research work. Her meticulous
guidance, untiring interest and well timed suggestions right from the initial stages till the
completion of my research work, are unparalleled. I am indeed greatly indebted for the
affectionate encouragement and cooperation received from her.
I am extremely grateful to Dr. T. Ram prakash, Scientist, AICRP on weed control
and my advisory committee for his pragmatic suggestions and valuable help extending during the
course of study.
I wish to proper my genuine thanks to, Dr. G. Pratibha, Principal Scientist, CRIDA
and member of my advisory committee for her benign help and transcendent suggestions during
the course of investigation and for critical perusal of manuscript.
I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Ch. Srinivas Rao , Director, CRIDA, Santhosh
nagar, for permitting me to work in the experiment and offering their valuable help during
the course of the study.
I deem it my privilege in expressing my fidelity to Dr. K. Jeevan Rao, Professor and
Head and Dr. D. Balaguravaiah, Professor and University Head, Soil Science & Agril.
Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar.for their guidencee and cooperation.
I sincerely extend my profound gratitude and appreciation to Dr. V. Sailaja,
Assistant Professor, Dr. M. Rajeshwar Naik, Assistant Professor, Dr. Anjaiah, Assistant
Professor, Dr. M. Srilatha, Assistant Professor, Dr. Uma devi, principal scientist, WTC,
Dr. Harish Kumar Sharma, Assistant Professor, Dr. G. Padmaja, Professor, Dr. Prabhu
prasadini, Professor and Dr. Ch. Sujani Rao, Associate Professor. Dept. of Soil Science
and Agricultural Chemistry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad for their guidencee and
cooperation.
I am thankful to laboratory members Shoba, Anitha, Khaja, Bikshapathi,
Prabhavathi, Ismael, Azeem, Jangaiah and other non teaching staff of the Department
Soil Science for their timely assistance and cooperation.
I express my heartfelt gratitude and thanks to S.R.F'S of CRIDA Mr.Srinivas and Mr.
Deepak for their help and cooperation.
I allocate my highest respect and heartful regards from my inner core of heart to my
ever loved parents, Sri. P. Sadhanandam and Smt. P. Padma vathi who have given me life
and taught the concepts of life and their dedicated efforts to educate me to this level. With
boundless affection, I owe an encompassing dept to most beloved my brothers P. Ravi
kanth and other my family members, for constant encouragement throughout my career
they have been a fountain of inspiration throughout my life without whose help in every
walk of life, this work would not have been possible.
Diction is not enough, alphabets are insufficient and words fall short to express my
adoration for the persons who stood by my side in sorrow, joy alike and empowered me
with jolly, gumption and inestimable encouragement and who are omnipresent in my life
nearest friends Vinay, Shiva, Suman, Venu gopal, Srijan, Sai, Ranjith, Adithya,
Ramakrishna, Chary, Ravi, Vijay, Srinivas, Kalyan, Harish, Mahesh and Rathod
without support of them my dream would have not seen light of the day.
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the affection and inspiration rendered by my
classmates Chowhan, Govardan, Sankuper, Nagendra, Saritha, Samina, Swetha and
Pavani for their love, affection, special upliftment during my studies and worries; and
juniors Raj shekar, Naresh, Abhay, Apoorva, Jessi, Archana, Swetha, Meraj in whose
cheerful company I have never felt my work as burden.
I express my heartfelt gratitude and thanks to my Divisional senior Suresh, Venu
gopal, Ranjith, Ravi, Naveen, Chandrashekar, Sharan bopal, Raju, Kiran, Sai, Giri,
Madhavi, Sri ramya, Kalyani, Geetha sheerisha, Chaitanya, Prabavathi and Sunita for
their valuable guidance and encouragement.
I express my immense and whole hearted thanks to all my near for their cooperation,
help during the course of study and research. I humbly thank to authorities of Professor
Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University and Government of Telangana for
the financial help in the form of stipend during my study period.

P. LAXMAN RAO
LIST OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.
NO.

I INTRODUCTION

II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

III
MATERIAL AND METHODS

IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

V
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

LITERATURE CITED

APPENDICES
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
% : per cent
@ : at the rate of
a.i : active ingredient
AWC : available water content
BD : bulk density
CD : critical difference
CH : methane
4
cm : centimetre
C mol : centi moles
CO : carbon dioxide
2
DAS : days after sowing
dS m-1 : desi Simens per metre
EC : electrical conductivity
et al. : and others
Fig. : figure
FYM : farm yard manure
g : gram
GHG : green house gas
GWP : global warming potential
Hr : hour
H.C. : hydraulic conductivity
i.e. : that is
K : potassium
K O : available potassium
2
kg ha-1 : kilogram per hectare
mg kg-1 : milligrams per kilogram
Mg m-3 : mega gram per meter cube
M ha : million hectare
ml : milliliter
mm : milli meter
M t : million tones
N : nitrogen
NO : nitrous oxide
2
NO –N : nitrate nitrogen
3
N S : not significant
OC : organic carbon
P : phosphorus
P O : phosphorus pentoxide.
2 5
ppm : parts per million
q ha-1 : quintal per hectare
RBD : Randomised block design
RDF : recommended dose of fertilizer
oC : degree celsius
RH : relative humidity
SMC : soil moisture content
SPAD : soil plant analysis and development
WHC : water holding capacity
WUE : water use efficiency
viz., : namely