EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER ON GROWTH ...

128 Pages·2016·11.98 MB·English

EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC
NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT
AND YIELD OF MEDICINAL COLEUS (Coleus forskohlii Briq.)

BY

J. SAILAJA
B.Sc. (Horticulture)

THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HORTICULTURE

DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD – 500 030

AUGUST, 2004
CERTIFICATE

Ms. J. SAILAJA, has satisfactorily prosecuted the course of research
and that the thesis entitled “EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND
INORGANIC NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT
AND YIELD OF MEDICINAL COLEUS (Coleus forskohlii Briq.)” submitted is
the result of original research work and is of sufficiently high standard to warrant its
presentation to the examination. I also certify that the thesis or part thereof has not
been previously submitted by her for a degree of any university.

Date: (Dr. G. SATHYANARAYANA REDDY)
Place: Hyderabad Major Advisor
DECLARATION

I, J. SAILAJA, hereby declare that the thesis entitled “EFFECT OF
ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER ON
GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF MEDICINAL COLEUS
(Coleus forskohlii Briq.)” submitted to the Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural
University for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HORTICULTURE is a
result of original research work done by me. It is further declared that the thesis or part
thereof has not been published earlier in any manner.

Date: (J. SAILAJA)

Place: Hyderabad
C O N T E N T S

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
NUMBER NUMBER

I INTRODUCTION

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

III MATERIAL AND METHODS

IV RESULTS

V DISCUSSION

VI SUMMARY

LITERATURE CITED

APPENDICES
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “EFFECT OF ORGANIC
MANURES AND INORGANIC NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER ON
GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF MEDICINAL COLEUS
(Coleus forskohlii Briq.)” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HORTICULTURE of the Acharya N.G.
Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad is a record of the bonafide research work
carried out by Ms. J. SAILAJA under our guidance and supervision. The subject of
the thesis has been approved by the Students Advisory Committee.

No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. The
published part has been fully acknowledged. All assistance and help received during
the course of investigation have been duly acknowledged by the author of the thesis.

(Dr. G. SATHYANARAYANA REDDY)
Chairman of the Advisory Committee

Thesis approved by the Student Advisory Committee

Chairman : Dr. G. SATHYANARAYANA REDDY
Associate Professor ___________________
Department of Horticulture
College of Agriculture, ANGRAU
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500 030

Member : Dr. K. MALLA REDDY
Professor ___________________
Department of Horticulture
College of Agriculture, ANGRAU
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500 030

Member : Dr. D. VISHNU VARDHAN REDDY
Senior Scientist (Plant Physiology) ___________________
Herbal Garden Scheme, ANGRAU
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500030

Member : Dr. P. VENKATESWARA RAO
Associate Professor ___________________
Department of Plant Physiology
College of Agriculture, ANGRAU
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500030
Name : J. SAILAJA
Title : EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND
INORGANIC NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER ON
GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF
MEDICINAL COLEUS (Coleus forskohlii Briq.)
Degree : MASTER OF SCIENCE
Faculty : HORTICULTURE
Department : HORTICULTURE
Guide : Dr. G. SATHYANARAYANA REDDY
University : ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL
UNIVERSITY
Year of submission : 2004

ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2003-04 to study the “Effect
of organic manures and inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer on growth, development and
yield of medicinal coleus (Coleus forskohlii Briq.)” grown on red sandy loam soil at
Herbal Garden, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 10
treatments replicated thrice.
The treatments consisted of recommended dose of N (40 kg ha-1), FYM 5.5
t ha-1, vermicompost 1.5 t ha-1, neem cake 1.0 t ha-1, FYM 2.75 t ha-1 +
vermicompost 0.75 t ha-1, FYM 2.75 t ha-1 + neem cake 0.5 t ha-1, vermicompost
0.75 t ha-1 + neem cake 0.5 t ha-1 and FYM 2.75 t ha-1, vermicompost 0.75 t ha-1,
neem cake 0.5 t ha-1 in combination with half dose recommended N (20 kg ha-1).
All the organic manures and inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer were applied as per the
treatments and recommended phosphorus (60 kg ha-1) and potassium (50 kg ha-1)
were applied commonly to all the treatments as top dressing.
The results of the present investigation revealed that among the different
traits, the plant height (48.24 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (382.44), leaf dry weight
plant-1 (40.50 g) at harvest were highest with the application of 40 kg ha-1 N. This
was followed by neem cake 0.5 t ha-1 + 20 kg ha-1 N (46.67 cm, 373.99 and 38.96 g)
and FYM 2.75 t ha-1 + 20 kg ha-1 N (46.25 cm, 372.77 and 37.70 g) which were on a
par. But the parameters like leaf area (3390.26 cm2), shoot dry weight (43.76 g) and
dry matter production (7021.63 kg ha-1) were highest with 40 kg ha-1 N and was on a
par with neem cake 0.5 t ha-1 + 20 kg ha-1 N (3338.80 cm2, 42.96 g, 6813.30
kg ha-1).
The yield parameters like root number plant-1 (15.06), root length plant-1
(23.46 cm), fresh and dry weight of roots plant-1 (320.35 g and 40.00 g respectively),
fresh and dry root yields (11.44 and 1.43 t ha-1 respectively) were also highest with
40 kg ha-1 N and was on a par with neem cake 0.5 t ha-1 + 20 kg ha-1 N (13.20,
22.23 cm, 301.60 g, 37.66 g, 10.48 and 1.31 t ha-1 respectively).
Application of neem cake 1.0 t ha-1 recorded higher plant height, number of
leaves, leaf area, leaf and shoot dry weight, dry matter production and fresh and dry
root yield (46.21 cm, 364.66, 3122.90 cm2, 35.20 g, 41.13 g, 6360.80 kg ha-1, 8.47
and 1.10 t ha-1 respectively) over FYM 5.5 t ha-1 and vermicompost 1.5 t ha-1.
The highest uptake of nutrients such as N (139.02 kg ha-1), P (44.93 kg ha-1)
and K (110.94 kg ha-1) at harvest were recorded with 40 kg ha-1 N and was on a par
with neem cake 0.5 t ha-1 + 20 kg ha-1 N (129.45, 38.83 and 100.15 kg ha-1
respectively).
Economic analysis revealed that the higher net returns (Rs.56,825 ha-1) and
benefit cost ratio (1.73) was obtained with neem cake 1.0 t ha-1 followed by FYM
2.75 t ha-1 + neem cake 0.5 t ha-1 (Rs.50,900 ha-1 and 1.61 respectively).
The correlation studies revealed that the plant height, leaf number plant-1,
leaf area, leaf and shoot dry weight plant-1, yield and yield attributes such as root
number plant-1, root length, fresh and dry root yield were significantly and positively
correlated with each other.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I remain obliged to the OMNIPOTENT GOD for the gracious
blessings he has showered on me which accompanied me in all endeavours.
I deem it a great pleasure and proud privilege to work under the
esteemed guidance of my major advisor and chairman of my advisory committee,
Dr. G. SATHYANARAYANA REDDY, Associate Professor, Department of
Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad for his inspiring and
meticulous guidance, constant encouragement and wholehearted co-operation
throughout the progress of my research work.
It gives me pleasure to express my fidelity to Dr. K. MALLA
REDDY, professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, member of my advisory committee for his fraternal
guidance and valuable suggestions throughout the course of my investigation.
Ineffable is my gratitude and sincere thanks to him for his munificent acquiescence,
transcendent suggestions and most explicitly to reckon with set standards.
I am pleased to place my profound etiquette to Dr. D. VISHNU
VARDHAN REDDY, Senior Scientist (Plant Physiology), Herbal Garden Scheme,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, member of my advisory committee for his timely
support, able guidance and for providing me with all the facilities needed to do this
work in Herbal garden.
It gives me immense pleasure to humbly place on record my
profound sense of gratitude, indebtedness and heartfelt thanks to Dr. P.
VENKATESWARA RAO, Associate Professor, Department of Plant Physiology,
College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad for his learned counsel, keen
interest and valuable suggestions during the course of my investigation.
I am extremely thankful to Dr. Y.N. Reddy, Professor and University
Head, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad for his valuable guidance and meticulous reasoning during the course of
my study and research work.
I convey my sincere thanks to all the teaching staff members of
Department of Horticulture for their suggestions and cooperation rendered during
the course of my study and investigation.
From the inner core of my heart, I express my deep sense of
unboundful love and affectionate gratitude to my beloved parents Sri J. Narasimha
Rao and Smt. J. Udaya Lakshmi, whose blessings, instilling aspirations and
dedicated efforts moulded me into the present position. Their everlasting love,
affection, moral support and encouragement in my life bring out the best of my
endeavours.
There are dearth of words to express my abundant love and heartfelt
regards to my loving sister Sandhya for her intense adoration, affection and
persistent support in my life.
I affectionately acknowledge the help and encouragement received
from my friends Smt. Surya Kumari, Sharadha, Saritha, Karunasree, Haritha,
Varalakshmi and Bharathi for their lovely company, friendliness, affection and
encouragement. I am highly thankful to my friends Subba Reddy, Rajeshwar
Reddy, Srikrishna, Senthil and Lohith for their help and moral support rendered
during my college career and whose wit always kept me in good spirits making it a
memorable one.
My warmest thanks are due to my classmates Kishan Rao, Vijay
Bhaskhar, Phani, Radhakrishnan, Sunanda Rani, Sunanda and others for their
friendly assistance and cooperation during the course of my study.
I owe a special word of thanks to ANGRAU for provision of
financial assistance in the form of stipend.
Finally, I am also highly thankful to Sri K. Venkateswara Rao,
Sri Sai Baba Computers for neat and timely typing of this thesis.

(J. SAILAJA)
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

% : Percentage
CD : Critical difference
cm : centimeter
CV : Coefficient of variation
cv. : cultivar
d Sm-1 : desi simen per meter
DAP : Days after planting
EC : Electrical conductivity
et al : and others
Fig. : Figure
FYM : Farmyard manure
g : gram
ha : hectare
hr : hour(s)
K : Potassium
kg ha-1: kilograms per hectare
kg : kilogram
m : metres
m2 : square meter
mm : milli meters
N : Nitrogen
NS : Non-significant
oC : Degree Celsius
P : Phosphorus
plant-1 : per plant
SEm : Standard error mean
sq.cm : Square centimeters
t ha-1 : tonnes per hectare
viz., : namely