Effect of grazing intensity on species diversity of butterfly communities in the habitat of Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis (Matsumura)

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TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
uetwh LepidopteraScienc6e2(1)4:1-5e,Muy 2011

Effec tof grazing intensi tony species diyersit oyf butterf lcyommunities in the habita tof
Shijimiaeoide sdivinu sasonis (Matsumura)
KouheiMuRMA* AsanaMMsuuRA
and
Schoel ofAgriculture, Tbkai Univcrsit yM,inamiaso, Aso, Kumamoto Pref, 8,69-140 4Japan
Abstract We conducted route census surveys on butterf lcyommunities in the habitat sof an endangered butterf Slhyi.-
jimiaeoi ddiets'i naesosnis (Matsumur a1,929) ,under differen tgrazing intensiti oens the vo]canie slopes of Mt. Aso,
central Kyushu, Japan, in 2005, 2006 and 2008, At the study sites, the semi-natural grasslan dunderwent routine burning
cvcry spring. The resu]ts obtained are summarize"dra raes fo[low s(:1 }Sixty-fo supercies assigned to fiv efamilie swere re-
corded during three observation years .C2 )Ten species" nominated in the "red list b'yi Kumamoto Prefectur eandl
or Ministry of Environment were recorded, (3 )Grassla nsdpecies. S ,diL,in atsetnsis and Cotia her'ate poliographss
Motschulsky ,1 860, and t'ore ssptecies. Cetastri anigaiolus labonide s(de 1'Orza ,1 S69), lpthi maragus But]er ,1 866 and,
Eurema mandarina <de 1'Orza ,1 869) were ubundant, (4) More species were found at the non-grazing site (sit NeG) than
at the customary grazing site {si tCeG), and more fores sptecies were found at thc site NG than at the site CG, (5 )Shanon-
Wicner functlo n(H' )of the buttedi ycommunity ut the site NG and that at the site CG were nearly the same but Shimp-
son's inde xof diversi (t1y-A )was higher at the site NG than at the site CG. (6 )S, divin eafsosnis was the most abundant
species at the site CG. On the other hand, in the habitut usnder low grazin igntensi tthye ,species of Lycaenidae changed
from S. divint tassonis {grassla snpedcies) to C argiolus lahonid e(sfore ssptecies). (7 )Shanon-Wiener functio n(H' )was
nettr]y the same among the fou rstudy sites under dit'le rgernatzin igntensi t(ysi tNGe. site LG, site CG and site HG
{und ehrigh grazing inlensit byu)t ,Shimpson' isndex of diversit (y1- Ad)ecreased as the grazing intensi tiyncreased (,8)
Grazing intensi tdyid not affeet thc number of rare grassian dspecies. The number of rare fores tspecies at NG was the
highes tamong the fou rstudy sites, (9 )The ratio of S, divin uc,tsyonis to all butterfli weass about 90 % from lat eApril to
mid-May in the sites NG, LG, and CG. tn conclusion, mixture of grass]a]d usnder various grazing intensiti measy be ef
benefi tfor the maintena]ce ef divers iotfy butter nfyauna .In particula grr,assland smaintained without grazing should
beimportanttoconservethebutterflyfaunaofAsograsslands.Wealsopaidparticularattentiontotherelationshipbetween
abLindance of S, divin eassonis and that of C argiokis lahonides b,ecause their larva efeed en fiowe rosf the same host
p]ant ,Sophorr iflaves (Ai'te, an,nsd hence they could be in competition with each other.
Key wordsPasturage, grassland S,hijimiaeoide dh'ii,i matsosnis. ]arge shijimi blue,conservatlon,grazlng,
Introduction divint tassonis and it shost plant S,ohop ra jlavesc Aeints.,
Temidtanirci tm.naa)tind ayoaiinnndti a nmi lroggweoirgn ni gavsoazeungislietn ta a ogabnfhtldie aot vgnhheera bbwamoeizaretnliandag n ctppeo gmlr(nedaanNitycteitionwin gcs,a1 ehn(9 s fami9ovm7or e pr)c waoeI.rairnes tn eJbda gaunb p, itturaontr lrne nent,oi rrsinfatng-liesaiattnnhhnddeet heitcannhobsnfe ciiilh ttuuioadyes sett ndt ohsc fpeoe lf Sma ot.g nshdrtta iaH.tv zsotiuiwrinneat egadvf sbiaeolsterro ion, o tfinthsoeah.r rl eacr nobedn ush etarctvus eisbntrgoefmeia rni t yonehcoisc us bsrgtruuirdntaygtz ie einnrngfly
distri cretssul,ting in the declin eof several grasslan dspe- This paper examines etTects of grazin gintensi toyn the
butterfly inthehabitatsS.divinus
ciesofbutterflies(Inoue,2(K)3).AtMt,Aso,centralKyushu, comrnunity structure of
howevegthegrasslandshavebeenexceptionallymaaisonnits.ai nWeed prepose a practica lmanagement plan for
by cattle grazing and routine burnin gin every spring conserving a set of "rare species" of butterfl ioeccsurring
(Murat aand Nohara, 1993) ,and the populati oonf an together with S. divine sasonis,
endangered lycaenid S,hijimiaeoid edsivint atsson is (Mat-
soufm utrhai,s b u1t9t2e9r) fi ls hsyativlel adbuencdalnitn,e d maalrtkheodulgyh tihne aproeapsu lwahetrieons Study sites and methods
routine grassla nbudrning has not been conducted (Mu- a) Study sites
rtootanrhht aee u t nniehbutneum farbhlnel.ero,ud se1 tn9po c9 lfgeo8a rfa)nat .tt gsMedrsuneadlrazcaaninttrndae gsaaaMin.nsudnt sret iN adena otnhnhada sa ebri ltiu atapta roly(a,n v t2wai( t0etoh2of0hu0 t5 itr 0hesb)pi8 u esp t)rabatnt,uesaedlttryt uzfteeri hdraSayfg,t,ley Twpseihlrteeaesn s t(gts usrN.daoiy nstsCis Gegtl)ersa ,a wnl ezmrdoaiecisn nas lgsityutere vdo s cen(oy vestedhriee Ntd vtGoeol) cwda iaentnihtdce n r casumtlsuoitrpnoaem lesta rh hoyef ei rM nbgtfar,l caAuezseoionun,csge
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42 K, MuRrm and A.MATSUURA
Tbble 1. List of the butterflyspeci oebsserved bytranse ccotunts during the adult fligh steason(April -November )in2005and 2006,
StutusinRed Data List NG CG
S ecles HabitatKllmameto Ja un 2005 2006 200S 2006
Papilionidae
Gmphiumsarpedonnippon"m FFGFFFGGFGFG 216111 2]3] 1211 3]
llapilioxuth"s
lhpilioma['haonhippocrates
Ilapil imoemnon thunbe rgii
R]pilioptvtenordemetrizas 1
Fktpil isopp. (dehaan iori maackii)
PieridaeLeptideaamurensis
vu vu 1 223]36662
Anthocharisscolvmus l
Pieri sspp. (nesi osr metete) ]115652 s
E"rema laeta betheseba VU 3883 ]o
E"remamandarina 121061
Coliaseiutepotiographus
Lycuenidac
Curetisacutaparacuta FFFFFGFGGGFGG 53 131
Nbrathurajaponica
Antigiusattilia
Callopho'sfarrea
1115l4t28]7624
Rapalaarata 212114132203e2
L.vc'ae ipvhalaeas daimio 36237980229433s173g673
Niphanda,fksca CR+ENCR+EN
Zi.7in oatis emeiina CR
Zizeeri atnaha
Everesargiades
Celastrinaargioluslabonides
[ampidesboetietts
Shijimiaeoidesdivinusascntis vu CR+EN
Nympha]idae
Libythea lepit cealtvides FFGGGFFFFFFFGGFFFFFFFFGGFFF 5221613417s7s]91is47324531[0216927ll s826320
Araschniabung'anastrigosa
lhnessa c'ardui
lhnessaindica 21
thl.vgoni ac-aureum
N.ymphalisxanthometas,faponica
Kaniska canaee nojaponi('um
Arg.vroncJm teaodiceJ'aponica cs
Angyrc)no mrtetstana 3
Nepharg,vnnisanad.v･omenemidos [4
Damotu sagana liane
Arg.vnni spaphia tsushimana 1s14 52Q7 53613
FlrbricianaadippepaUescens
Argyreush)perbius

Dic'horragianesimach"snes'iotes 1
Neptispr.yerisetoensis NT 15
Neptissalzphointermedia 2171so712
hadoga camilta y'apvnic'a ]s25041152811
Hestinajaponica
Sasakiachamndo cs NT
)))thimaargus 26233822
M.vcalesisgotama.thatginia
Kiriniafantoni vU M
Minoisdryasbipttnctat(t

Metaniiisphedimaoitettsis
Lethediana
Necv)eniphonica
Hesperiidae
Choaspeshenjaminiijaponi{'a FFFGFGFGGGG 11
Daimioteth),s 423
En,nnismontan"s
Lx7ptatinaunicotor NT
71toress avaria 18
7bvmeticussx,tvaticu,y 7521449 73463375
Ochlodesf)chruceus
llotanthusflavus
2197471069
folytremispeUucida 6211
Iletopidasmathiasoberthueri
llarnaraguttata
Hes eriidaes .
lbtal number of individua]s 709 1145 684
Tbtal number of s ecies 64 48 49 35 37
NG: non-grazing, CG: eustornary grazin igntensit yC.huracter of habita Et ;fores sptecies; G, grussland species.
CR: Criticall Eyndangered or Endangered ; VU: VUtunerablc ;NT: Near Threatened species; CS: Carefu slpecies (Kumamot Porefecture 2,e09).
CR+EN/ Critical] Eyndangered or Endangere d; YU: Vulunerable ;NT Near Threatened species (Minist oofr tyhe Environment, 2006).
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Effec tof grazin fgOr butterf lfyauna in the habita tof Shijimiaeoide dsivine sasonis 43
kble 2.Lis otf the butter fslpeycies observed by transect counts durin gthe adult fligh steason (April-Nover ntnb 2e0r08).
StatusinRed DataList Sites

S ecies HabitatKumamoto Ja an NG LG CG HG
Papilionidae
Gretphium sarpedon nilu)onum FGF 22 51 2
llapilio hippocrates
machaon
Ilapil isopp. (dehaa nori imaackii) 1
PieridaePieris
spp. (nes iors melete) FGFG 8272224 1 578 213898
Eurema laeta betheseba VU 15
Euremamandnrina 11143 10114
Coliaseratepoliogruph.vs
Lycaenidae
Cu retis acuta patucuta FFGFGGGFGG Il11121132132555ll913
Mirath"nuJ'aponica
L"'caenaphlaeasdaimiv 11 132825
Niphanda.fusc,'a CR+ENCR+EN 28
Zizina otis emetina CR s
Zizeeriamaha 17
Everesargiades 14
Cetastri anragiotus labonides 27 30
Lampideshoetieus 1128 1496
Sh ijimiaeo diidveinsu sasonis vU CR+EN 226 2
Nymphalidae
Libythea lepi tcealtoides FFGGGFFFFFGGFFFFFFFGGFFF 24336 2464 42116
Araschnia bung'ana strigosa
ve{nes e.avnatui 231
vafnessiandica

llot.vgon ci-aaureum
IV)'mphalisxanthoinelasjcrponica
Kaniska canace nojaponicum 712 23 1
Arg.vronome ruslana 1
Damora sagana liane ]2534
Argynnis paphia tsushimana 41613
Fttbric'ianaadippepallescens 319 124
Argyreush)perbi"s

Dic'horragi naesimachus nesiotes 11421
iVtpti ssappho intermedia 2 22236
imdoga camilla japonica
Hestinajcrponica 1612218
llaranti csaita niphonica 1452911167
}Pthimaargus 14
M>,calesisgotamajuiginia
Kiriniafantoni vU NT
Minoisdryasbipunctata 82 8

Melanitisphedimaoitensis
Lethediana 49 41

Neopeniphonica
Hesperiidae
Daimio tethvs FGFGGGGG 25]171111 16
Leptatinaunicotor NT
Tltoress avaria 2857
T7iymelicu ssylvaticus 6231 1
Flotanthusflavtts
Pt,lytremispell"cida
Pelopidasmathiasoberthueri
Ptimaraguttata 34
Hes eriidaes . 4 1
Tbtal number of individuals 459 755 1039 211
Ibtal number of s ecies 49 44 35 35 23
NG: non-grazing, LG: lew grazin igntensi tCyG: customary grazing intensit yH,G: highest grazing intensity.
Characte orf habita tE; fores stpecies: G, grassland spccies,
CR/ Critica ]Elnydangered or Endangered; VU: Yulunerable; NT: Near Threatene sdpecies; CS: Carefu 1species (Kumamot Porefecture,
CR+EN: Criticall Eyndangered or Endungered; VU: Vulunerabl NeT; Near Th reatened species {Minist oofr tyhe Environmen t2,006),2009).
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44 K. MuRMA andA. MM'suuRA
2005NG 2006NG
4ee300200 4oe3oe200IOOo
se IOOgP.
okv,Ets6
CG
looz300 400
300
200 200
100 1OO
o o
Fig. 1.Seasonal changes of tota lnumber of individua losf butterfli e(swhol especies inclusiye a)nd
number of individu aof[ sShijimiaeoi ddieis,im iassonis in the non-grazing site {CG) and the
customary grazing site (CG) in 2005 and 2006,
ofcattle grazin gon butter fcoimymunities in 2005, 2006 durin gthe fligh steason (Apr itol October i)n 200S, 2006
and 2008 .The grazin ghas ceased since 1998 at site NG, and 2008. The census was conducted for a tota lof 24 days
whereas customary grazin g(19 0days/anima lunit ･ ha) each year .The number of adult butterfl iweass recorded
continued from 1998 through 2006 at site CG. for each species along a 500 m route taking about 10
Fgdasi(sniiuanait1 tmy9rttyae5l tees si2hdnH ln)i es G atrurin enh n mt2ipiutrooiy0sne r rdmmt0r ･ eaeee aur8hidgsnn laii,ieT o tt.dh tneh Thsi･e h ah g e(Ltgu a MhTnG rg,lic al rhaasuaznaetcnndizdgt ai enei3e nrtdb wgn)rthai gl. sh aniAltue tnt afost ett srwh eine noaseesgn cimnhhitsrs ieit2ai sa g Hy0zttswh Gt0iyes ueAr7nid esnty g wetdtai osgeLans lrrGi2t stas20eo ezs 90nw agiiw08ss anrn .iis dgv at Kna eay1zittnsyOrheidtseOanni/-g- ltnmf2i&ehiei0ns naatin0Rut shst e.1bewe e ,se eF(2daf tet0.FS iwhl0biereed3ernleu e,tc dwn2r hwe e c0,tPres1ohe0ien8et5den 6i )dorct4a .i1 iirIp a1os0stmnnfntu9:edsdrtei30eie n0 dr t9vRacea t,)i nt w ddfm aeia( suab aboccMarhe1 k n tiilt6v3ih dswe:narseeOytie 6ntOw n teetMh dr ie(rrfeifnsufM ii 6lpfn1ucetooii8atrrsctc5t iaad i,u7 i e aliiol d)tnto s&ns teda ina,tn1h t mdNi8hate eonh5aP uehg8nfin nauiid ae rieinrerCrdeasli.-,hdse,d
munoistttha ,abu Pndtaenitoh tsapesctieuss ch ianto a g(rFarzainn gi centht Se.nasviatt yo, fM)Oa.5ki annoi mvaalr. wteiv reelc oySr,dpeedc iteh elsmis atse Padst i"cripticiallyl ispop, a nednd aPnigeerredi "ss,pp, ," vrulensepr-ec-
vaitr iadi sgr (azMiank giinnt oSe.) nSsui zotfuy kO iw,a6s- t1h, ea Onmiomsatl a buunnidtainhta, sZpbecJi'essia aoibfcl aKe"lu,]m"cyaaemrnoefdtuao]in'g aPenrdr"eenfedeaorcrttheruner ad(etae2nn0egde0"ir9 naet)ndhde"r ,etd"hdvoasuteal blnooeikrsatb ealsde ""crita-nd"near
jisi'ntqetpse,o ntnhsie ci Somavtotesyertu 1 d a,wb.a5u snadn aitnmhtael m o suspnteict ia/ebhsuan dowanenr teMt sZ,p Ae jcsiaoes.p I oant n oaui rg cSr saattuzdeyiundg, tmehnrtea t(en2e0d"0 i6 wn) etrehe rterde adteadt aabso "roarek of Mspienciiesst".r yoTfh eE nrveciorrdon-
at site HG, M. sinensis Anderss .at site NG, and R chino species were classified into either fores tspecies or grass-
(Franc het. Savat. M)akino var. viridis (Makin oS.) Suzuki land species according to Tanaka (1988).
and S, fldves eAnits .at site CG, respectively (Murat eat, c) Indice sused for analyses
acatan.ry,r 2ioe0fd0 t8ohu)et ,Is ten uvadelyrly sst iMutdaeysr cdsihut,re isN, norgo utmthoiwen iesntg ugdyra wpsasesrl icaoa brndru,diredni onu gtwa sat Ti-Ebn Pdmieilacosu egwr2eserPei ,w thuhesere eds:p e(Pcii1 e is)ts h tde hiSev hpearrnosnpio otnaryt-t Weiiaoc ehnonf e str tfhueud ynncu mstibtieero, nHt, w'oof=
b) Route census of butterflies individu aofl stheith species (n it)o the tota lnumber of
Butterfii weesre monitored by the route census method isinted; ianvdi d(u2 a o)Sfli smalpl scoomnp'onse n1t -1, wh esrpeeci Aes= E(nN,) (ant ,e-acIh) 1st1uVdy(IV-1).
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Effec tof grazing for butterf ifyauna in the habita tof Shijimiaeoide dsivine ,assv'nis 45
100 NG"'{,'''SAijimineeid1i00tSQ.q1v50di,Qvinus'asoNnGi, [+'thota'inSwmhheriofjtnidimvidiuaaiseoidesdivinuscrsoniv

50 ,R･,, +CehastrinatTeinhtstc/dtin/'de,s o.
ri ' q'.'a. LG
0100 s loegp.
LG 50t'
,･e o -/N')A A-/X'---).t".- .
50
£. 250:･ CG
p 6.
--･{v-"--- 200Z
osat

250=.v.'t8 CG lse
F/,/ 100
2oois- /1 t/tlg 50 ab "A.-t.kL.N.-Ay..
2 iso o1OLOr.5=0-o I V O --e . .uo - -.- --･- --- --- - ---- --- -H-----G-----------
1 /1//iio,b,''
100 --=tot:]-e:>tsrerf.J I4[t)vmma ;Itsa
v viIvii ixlx xi
50 Fig ,3. Comparison efnumber ofindividuals ofS. divinu assonis
and Celastrin aargiolus labonides.
o25
HG

oL-.-".-.
IVL1vv[VIIVIIIIXxXI divinusasonis,agrasslandspecies.Otherabundantgrass-
1and species were Colias erare poliograph. iM,ostschlsky,
Fig .2. Season achlanges of total numbcr of individua lofsbuttedlies 1860, Minois dr.v absipuncta t(aMotschlsk 1y8,60) ,q,-
andnumberofindividualsofShijimiaeoidesdivinttsasonis caenaphlaeas daimi o(Matsumur a1,919) and fot.},tremis
a2t0 f0oSu. Nr Gst:ud yNo nsi-tgesr tutndzeirn g Ld;Gi:f Lfeorwe nggtrraazziinn g iginntteennssii tCti Gyie:;ns pCeetllatsitcrii dpnaealalrugciiodl lau(asMbuonrirdae s(y1d8,7e15')O .rTzhae ,1f8o6r9e)s ,t}sp7e)ctiehsi,ma
Customarygrazingintensity;HG;Highgrazingintensity.
argtts Butle r1,866, Eurema mandarina (de 1'Orza ,1869),
Neope Butler,1881,Niphandafitsc('Baremer
niphonica
Extent of dominance was expressed by the McNaughton's and Grey ,1 852) and Arg.vronom ertislana (Motschulsky,
dominance index ,DJ = (n i+ n2)llV, where ni and n2 are 1866 )were abundant,
tabhuen dannutmber spe coife si,n rdesipvecitidvuela yol.fs Atlhse of, ithre s astnidmi latrhiet ys eocfon tdhe Rare butterfli erescorded
species composition between study sites was calculated [[b nrare species were recorded at all study sites, ef which
using the index C. (Kimot o1,967), fiv especies were grasslan adnd fiv efores stpecies (rllable
Api]n odclteu sx swotabestra itdnreredae ws ihn onb w2iyn0 gt0h8e , sMiomiulanrtitfyo ra mdmoetnhgod t hues ifnogu r tshteu dCy. Pi<1 rsM aeean dfncee r2ctit)tri .uicAare cl(eslc )2ySo ,.0r ednd0idia9vn niZ)gg enit,ruoze sidtasnhoe na io Rstseipsd e ace nDimdeeasl t,iKan ia LrBeio p(notikdia eod.1fef' aKtOaurrmmunz rat(ae mon,B1sor8iutis6to9l)er,
1877) are vulnerable species, Atlgyronome laodic eja-
ResultsButterfly ponica (Menetri 6ansd) Sasakia charonda (Hewitson,
fauna in Aso grasslands A1J8e6p3t) iasrep r"cyarefe u1sretioensi sspe cFiuesk"ud aL &s eM ceionmometnatni , 1a9b9ov9 ei]s, a naenadr
Sixty-fo spuercies assigned to fiv efamili weesrc recorded threatene sdpecies ,Accordin tgo the red lis ctompiled by
durin gthe three observation years (Tab l1e, 2) .Six papil- the Ministr yof the Environment (2006 N)., jusc Za. ,otis
ionid ,six pieridin e1,3 lycaenid, 28 nymphalid and l1 emeiina and S. divinu sasonis are critically endangered or
hesperii sdpecies were identified ,The most species-rich endangered species, L. amurensis and Eurema laet ahethe-
fami1ie wsere Nymphalidae and fycaenid Taween.ty-four seba (Janso 1n8,7g) are vulnerable species. S. charonda,
and 40 species were classified as grasslan dand forest K fant oanndi Lepktlin aunicolor (Breme rand Grey ,1 852)
species, respectively. The most abundant species was S, are near threatened species.
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46 K. MuRAm andA. MM'suuRA
fab] e3, Stockin dgensit gyr,azin igntensi ttoyt,a lnumber of butterfltioetasl ,nurnber of species, dominan tinde x(DD and the species
diversit iyndexes (H 'and 1-A)
2005 2006 2008
NG CG NG CG NG LG CG HG
Stocking densit yCanima ulnit f ha) oo709482L0l218950s1,145oo68449 2L0l21895061,06 o9o459440250l2O4Os75553 L5l1901,0319.629021123
Grazing intensi t(yday 1 anima] unit ･ ha)
Tbta lnumber of individuals
Tbta] number of species 35 37 35
Grasslandspecies 19 19 19 19 149426O.537.61O.76
Forestspecies 16 18 16527O,4 9196.29O,85
Rare grasslan dspeceies 5 4 5
Rare fores tspeceies 3 2 4
All rare species 10O,449. 348OO,.866510.1 O1,16O4.569. 366OO..76789.08 O1.06O4.388.76O.89 9O.S99.98O.74
Dominat index(DD

Speciedsiversiitnydex(H')

S diversiitnydex(1-A)
ecies
Seasonal changes in abundance of butterfiies species at site NG was C angiolus labonide sin 2005 and
Fbiugtutreer f1 l siahteo twsshe sisteeass oNnGa] a ncdh aCngGes in 2i0n 0t5h ea nadbu n2da0nc0e6 .Th eorfe Ewa.s ma nCdo.r ienraate p oiln i2o0g0r6a. p0hnu sithn eb ootthhe ry ehaarn sdA,, ta ts istiet eN CGG,, 2i0t
wdi2aoWaNtoiiadnsbwun)eGnn sucose MMeg,iene A e ftiraactainlsv o byyo eometnp p rm, drv a2hat ea re rantr0hboewr ondgdowhefy0udmeuei r8gn triCtc h coehiwen eta im on9teos a ag 1crs 0hn shage yr siet i a%iatpp eeCebsons es e Auale oascpot nunppriesaafd sahrecrrataelkeis i gt hni indie iiedc gt 1sonnetpae, hl( oa J rguteb biweF suoerueaeo s ntnirnvoe knd ladfeoa le gaynl ib o3(lanSn os.fuodJc)eb.eF mwfe udbre.noao en ivAntvSircsne e eus.gvdei p rt3io ,iglddw,aotf)ain ee uit tp.btbes husvts wf ehuC sabia et itsse uGupainrotntn,edn untn iiuelan esro vssloLk,rriefoattf Gclsff alS etob,le caininb.ayb u etiniHcicusduestec Glnniyno edstM uva(ewd ane wnaiiabtFayatntrn-sr,dehnifus-cgsl,e.iesgsrdeahcTsww b1liernpae rahiae)tcadesrrade eotcevic, re ni s CRt iaadefnI s,pGhese nmuOnpldao,eo r,u srafearahI l l etoesselniiViy1f o s Aelds gLonu9n atpis ts iuhgcppeegtrs h hechecmahfocnrei irni sp epbaehiece s d thpcssrrst a aseagT yuo,beasd .darhsm us pl yntweae,M tedaeuh s /rt s nne fl Ieis ee3db sdthoaVl rpe 4ee ifoi,rteal,f tf fTcgyneiealwi ohhmdsa sesoie osfsrepe s ssbaerptneebea st eec ncs inb,lsa ctuaia unbpiasmnelsts nu deirbdspinuodAstaeed ta .,werr ancen2 an ei estccNtC2e e d rfGs ,tb N.s uf oi oG aay sftt ro rwe lL hetsMgtrgea sa,irhn a e ra tnCpoeafaa ns,st a rGhn potdu tgs es lras]hp c" aeteiases ]aCtcec ,nieb solgl odGersaos waraE.di st ebs etNdan.(hp Tdedo Gbamsd e.swh[nacieC ,yisneriit I Ge -eAmlerCdSssltiaee..'eosntdble
Comparisonofbutterflycommunitiesbetweengrazing
of the grazing intensity
site and non-grazing site
Wsiete NcoGmp aarnded sit et CheG s tbruacstuer edon o fth be ucetntsuesr ficino my2m0u0ni5t iteos 200 6at, Wteer felx ycaommimnuenditi etshe i bnafsleu doenn tcohfee g cernasuzsin iign n2t00e8n.s T ihotney tboutta-l
TtwboCbC1afhouGhG9s ettami hot ((n r trnyeat e[[ot2erhhtI[0afae an0rri bhtylna 6 si mu bb3tdw T1,pem e)aillhbsh)srt.aefi e Tee.elrTtfsih ehid edetneCir eeo f6eaNdf rfn.bGi fls etey,vopTrteer hecwrteweinehshes c eeswientsr ea nupt eiss meaftaybncshm oeidmeereau ist inc onw bn led oaao lytes(tf y s t sH is indnwtit ryieeutiemnse ep en;e NNht d1Ga nGoslea5 ii tt xt di hwtaesnaneh si sd2 pat N0nr e s G0hp1eCae5i-stcG i (gZeeasas hni)nCnoidtdecf.enre) b9MwnLssshupti0auGemeut yr,tbcde%e,e iyst arei3 s seonn5s fo ri 2 tw toaft0e Cefth r0 slo a.ee,n 8os ni lebitdF. yr estoTial eest ShtrgeaaCev.e tusl ed G p rodslifsaoe aivb la3t autins lcintldpnsdso ee ahusb Ncgno prsi2uaetwrGescs3taois net pisa atsehtwnth rady hass f oso (nein lb Ct csa4s gi eeefGe gr4eraHvrr e ssaaaGdaoobgtnsas mu a isssll(nti lltaaaT ealtao tcs lcnN tnA ohsecdsGhapa udppe,epan eb rcit 2gfcie l3iie)eodse s5s le,itsu tF)o a r eosaota m ftb tLwriuos adduGieaas-yttll,sellt
banyanatee dntcab ewor1et s .eiTh0. nnh s0 sdeirit ee tesmxep so e (Ns cittGDinv De b l aa ywosbn.aidutmsinh l das yhriaAiteintetait gerCss hissG tpe, Tee rtocihCfihnee G as2s ,pn 0s ete0Mwcchai5cosea nsNa tda n atcSd ou.s mmi2gdoptsoi0hets v0tiNit6o Gi naownbuna u' iss nasdnsd oa oObnnim,otsi9t-1h tgasWsnihprdtieeeaec miLstnoeGhssse,at lr t wff aoea fuornsbp enruudeac cnrr iaedrettsaa sitnfi h otte(oweran r HsaC enl'Gsd oe)soti pfwatt en hhacdbeetir u e pts stfowitot opweeuu a rHarsl tofG ar is,t fi fi tiwiieTaeo vsvs Hh nel eaGea ett. n venes aeuaiTrmctlh lbhe syoeeNfr s GS ttt,huhh d eeoayt f onsw tasornhmia eerotreaent,-
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Effec tof grazin fgor butterf ifyauna in the habita tof Shijimiaeoide dsivine sasonis 47
betwee nthe fou rstudy sites under differe gnrtazin gin- tern is characteristic of the seasonal fluctuat oifo gnrassland
tensities w,hereas, Simpson' isndex of diversi (t 1-y1) was species in Aso, However ,grazin gintensi atfyfects the
variable among the fou rsites with a trend of decreas ein abundance and species of butterf iaifteesr May; the abun-
accordance with increasin ggrazin gintensi t(yTab l3e). dance of site NG was highe rthan that of site CG. This
The similarity index (C. )indicate da similar species suggests that the abundance and species diversi tofy some
composition of the butterf lcyommunities between sites fores tspecies increas ebecause environments tend to
NG, LG and CG, whereas the butter fcolmmyunity at site change from grasslan dto fores atfter the cessation of
HG was rather differ efnrtom that in the other sites (Fig. regular burnin gT,he abundance of fbres sptecies may also
4),At increa suneder low grazin gintensi Tthye. above results
sec osnidtes mNoGst aanbdu nHdaGn,t M s paercgiuess. ( Aa tf bsriteess tsLpGeci easn)d wCaGs, tChe spuogrgetsatn tttoh part ethsee rmaviintn etgnhaen caebund aonfc egra aznidn gdiinvteernssi ioitfts y byiumt--
terfiies.Cemparison
erctte potiognrphy s(a grasslan dspecies) was the second
most abundant species, The value of DI was O.38 at site of butterf lfyauna between grazing and
NG, O.4 9at site LG, O.59 at site CG and O.53 at site HG. non-grazing sites
Motfbtohoohreneu reihr sdi tsegfutsh oduayedrty se t stshp sieteist tpLreeeGcssc ..ieT eAwnhsattse a ws gpeim ertuo(eec ph6H u0Gfl ,h9oa i ubitggn)nirh d aaoleabs ertnut snvhsdleaia altnno ecnfi edN ns CptGeh c beia teerosgthtihaw oewnter euei rssennt utt ldhahyatee- Mcwcahootiurallgedrtir hsoe pfha(hfoiye1ccwmt9 eiaf7vvkbe5l eri yi,1rnS n9,g s.s8uwd,eb1iicst) hthvtira itebaupnttieteurtet snaeftdt iaosnod nr tg htrtaoah tz etbiirmuneirgf nn,Iogi nrt neaotn g bhdweea sErMwotot i,adm etodAir,osen,o
region, asonis and other rare grassland
sites. butterfiy havebeen in
species preserve d grassland msain-
tained by regular burnin bgy cattle-breeders every spring
Discussion for several hundred years (Murat aand Nohara, 1993,
Butterfl yfauna in Aso grasslands Mgurraaztian gecto ualld,, h1a9v98e )a. Tphoesi ctomibvi neeaftfioenct in moafin tbaiunimnging atndhe
One hundred and nine species of butterf lhyave been re- habita tof S. divin" sasonis under suitable conditions
corded in the Aso area (Kumamot NQichinich iShirnbun, (Mura teat al,, 1998),
1987).Sixtyfour 60% thebutterfiy
osvrcteecurgudyiryo r.nii. Tnm gThphio esri tsbn u atugnhgt eetfts OAte srs sdmopa ife ticynahaitraueaetsn iac,n,ao i innwsng eetrrhev eat tAhoirsfeoe onc bo raudr toee ftda e ti rhsi fec n lh fgatyarrhaaeuc stnpses parorlefiecazsi etne edhsdinest Of(n u1an m9ub 9entr ha1 e)i dno ottefhhmee lr oAy nschsoaaten gndrri, a dtatb hsauee stdnietlngeaa frtnhlifadvuiese i nn Meoect usfeof r.fbeac etgte aron faest tzs uauidtci.n ceog(den,s2 sbT0iuho0ton 8 tmoae)anldss oaiy
bapan eyhd aia k gf hiho inra gbMeuah nsad yatben.duc egAnedlal nhgc aroefbai soStsf. al d gtiairsn vad kisssntnuosudw lsianesaod n nsitp sdheo, ceibre eesw a,irdti jchaohin ndae di pen srbp ofeucomtiratileenlsryetfnslt,y sotthfihon ewuS eop.du osdpi u gvalr inaanetzguia istaon isno ovgnofeins S eM. ft dts.bit cAotvNps pioGoifnn.s gu uTcashcs eeobsn CusivisaGrlo,nu.ne iSwnh ti og cofuohnr Dd Iti shwt edabeosg peypppLi oetniphgnpeud l semcaocods tntoo-inmobn
sfsgt(ettaTsptnuhhiehVeud raevrecda aeUti yn ee Er(te.grn)da eunseh 2smrZb"r evube (e leLy0pi(d tr Cgoro0IKt oRrp9uios nsfa u)mSo ) iohm reaslf, een,t ein dmtsea ntnv gneioialtihdttr vtlreaiai(.ao io nnRo,nnogs sa2nfm(eepdnseu re0Sdi 1nlPecsa,t 0dis as r9Dacdeon6lelas 9ni adsfit)Mv ps5 se(easuiw.c )ice irCBntFcfiertt)ahsioieRssaue toa.vncd+ rs akg elr o ( eeitEern ase2ncoaoiN t sorfstb0 )res hadeK0 i ilehef b n,u9"fd Aacyorm )(ti ssiart athe a,ios2bcniheead m edl0"enAalvs u yeolrsu M0stetepnrt"aihcob aer8l iendeot,c" ir ci)i R eae lpPleesiyepcsnrtrongldrrec eaiityasnlef onn-eodudniefnd,nct-g- aapdiassispbntiiirohnnud tmtmomsnariyidpd niillleaJiibaaonicnurranci tuatidcde setannbspkdyicc tee ss cceecetptitioe odeh oedn wnmso cd(as pdficete(o eeH e stescsHt1x i' shhr nett9a(aaeaeistnht 6noC idbapes n o4sLieuts n ti) e1rwa t,iet n a-ioseot nf) ds AifCt esr, ) d hiwGoTgoreteabl,m hre tflean aacs oanudilTne, ndmmzdmboeyhabmaidms eu uesnr inSt ssgisn ai ti e.T am(it tfr ohieene1ofyl sescNar9 ur s resGlp8 hiit oetis3v fnechas giwa a sl Leeah uru,ba seyNegvedn) gcas,Gd m elaao ss unr bhetteodeoafanhwn i ieasdod tsd ndf iihs ywa hCvmaacti se-Get htafiaoterlf-ly
iennvig rSo,n mdenitvsin m eaaysson icshan gseho uflrdo mb ge rmaonsistolrae dtnod f obreecsa ttuhsroe utghhe twohuel dgr aiznicnrg ecaeasseed., the number of nymphalid species
Influence intensity
vegetationsuccession, of grazing
Seasona lchanges in butterfi ypopulations New et at. (1995 r)eported that rare butterfl imeasy also
The peak of S, divinu assonis occurs in May and this pat- have narrow ranges of tolerance to disturban ccauesed by
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TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
48 K, MuRATA andA. MATsuuRA
the vegetation management in thei hrabita tnasrr,ower than NGLG CGHG
the vegetation they depen don. In thi sstudy, the species O.89
richness (whol sepecies) of butterf iwiases 44 species at
site NG, 35 species at site LG (1OO days!anim uanlit ･ ha,
O.5 anirna] unitlha), 35 species at site CG (19 0days/animal
unit ･ ha, 1.1 animal unitiha) and 23 species at site HG
(29 0days/anima lunit ･ ha, 1,6 anima] unit/ha), The di- O.83
versity index of butterfli (eHs 'index and 1 -1) was low at
site HG. On the other hand, it tended to increa sate site
NG and site LG. These resu]ts suggest that grazin ginten-
sity influence tshe biodivers oift gyrasslan dspecies and
HG is not a suitable management regime for preserving O.77
grassla nspdecies, Effec tosf vegetation succession and
vegetation management on butter faslsyemblage are sim-
ple .Thomas (1991 )demonstrat ead negative effect of
succession on the species richness of a number of lycae-
nidbutterflies,suggestingtheimportanceofcertainman- e.71
agement regimes for grasslan dvegetation for maintaining
lycaen ihdabita tE.rhard t(1985 f)ound that the number of
butterf lspyecies increase idn the subalpine region during
the early stage of succession, but then decreas easd soon
as bushes began to invade ,Balmer and Erhard t(2000) R9b,:s'Elo.
O.65
reported that old fa1lo lwand showed a significantly higher
species richness of butterf l(i+e3s2%) and heterogeneity
of the environment (+65%) and hosted more Red List !
species (+48% )than that of early fal]ow land .S, divinus
asenis is more abundant at site CG than at site LG, where- /
as C. argiotus ladonide sis more abundant at site LG than O.59
at site CG ([[la 2b, lFeigure 3) ,a possibil oift syite-related
effects of competition, favorin gS, divinu sasonis in the
customary grazin ghabitat asnd C. argiotus tabonide sin
the low grazin ghabitat sA,ctually ,however, S. divinus
asonis was observed from lat eApril to early June, with O.53
peak abundance in May, whereag C. argiotus was not
abundant in May and increase idn June ,which is the peak
abundance of the second brood. The periods of high
abundance for adults, hence fbr larva eas well, were dif- ;
feren tbetween the two species, suggesting that competi- O.47
tion on the 1arva lhost plant swould be minimal. How-
ever, an increa sofe C acgiotus labonide scould be a sign
of declin oef S, divinu sasonis,
By contrast, the number of butterf lspyecies and the spe-
cies divers iitnydice sat thehigh grazin gintensi tsiyte was O.41
lower than those at the customary grazin gand low grazing
These
sites, results suggest certain negative effects of
grazin gfor the butter fcolmymunity, It is also suggested
tha tthere is a suitable leve lof grazin gintensi tfyor con-
serving each rare butterf iiyn the Aso grassland sT.he O.35
populatio nleve ]of S. divinu sasonis was highe satt site
CG (19 0dayslanima ulnit ･ ha) where the cover degre eof Fig.4.Simi1ar iotf ybutter faslseymb]ages at the four study sites.
the host plant was highes tamong the three study sites The dendrogra wmas created using Mountford clustering
(Mura teta at., 2008) ,but highe ror lower grazin gintensity ooff CFni gi ,n2d,ex .Fer explanation of the study sites, see that
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TThhee　 LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegiroaollogical　 SSoooiceityety 　ooff　 JJaapapnan
・
Effec　tof　grazin　fgor　butter　fflayuna　in　the　habit　aoft∫糎戸miaeoides 　divines　asonis 49
includin　gno　grazing，　may 　be　suitable　for　other 　species ． Murata，　K ．　and　K．　Nohara，1993．　Decline　and 　c〔｝nservation 　of
　　　Sh（iimiaeoi　ddeivsinus（Matsumura）正n　Kumam  to　Pref  ture．
In　conclusion ，　a　combination 　ofvariousgrazing 　intensities 　　　　（in亅apanese ）」n　Yata，0．　and 　K．　Ueda （eds），　Decline　and
ifsa　cuonnsia．d　Neroedn−gr　taoz　bien　　gsbiteense　afrei　calis　afolo　ir　mcponosrertvainn　gftor　　tcohnese　rbvauttiotnerfly 　　　　　　　　c1on5s同crva5ti9o．n（In　　oJfa　bpuattncers）fel　iicn　sJapan，2．｝Ja（ioriga（spec ，　Issue）：
of　the　butter　fflayuna　in　the　Aso　grassland．s 　　　　　，200LThe　flutter　ainndg　feedin　agctivities　of　the　adults
　　　　ofShijimiae 〔）ides　divinusasoni〔sMatsumura）（Lepidopter，a
Acknowledgments 　　　　Lycaenldae），　Trans．　lepid．∫‘尹c．ノdpan　52：265−276．（In
　　　　japanese）
We　sincerely　thank　Dr　Keigo　Nohara　f（）r　hiscrit　irecvaielw 　　　　　，2〔｝〔｝3．Effec　tofthe 　natural　enemies 　and 　habit　acotnditions
of　the　manuscript 　and 　helpf　udliscussi，o鴨n also　thank 　　　　on　the　population　sof　ShiYiiniaeoid　deisvinus　asonis （Ma［−
tsuhrev　emyun　ipcaipsamra星goef．　且Accekrsn　oowfl　eAdsgoe　mCeintty　　fios　mra　daello　wtion　gth　e　uMsi　nto− 　　　　　　　　6su：mu8r9a−9）9〔．L（elpn　iJdaoppatneersa，e　）Lycaenidae）．丿〃z．ノl　Entomol，（N，5．）
ioSgscytire，　　yoJnfat　piEafd　niuReccesase　teGiaoorvnc，　eChm（uCmle）tnuNroe，宅　，，S　1fp9bo5rl　↑8fs0i，　3Sn8ca7in．ecni　case　luapnpdor　tTe　cohfn　tohle− 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Jss　pauilp，dnea2runsr0ea0　s）i5eni）．　tnT　hAhe　seho　a　iba囗irtteeaar　to，slpノ’e　pSc1hi．2fi」i’Ji．c　　mrEienlaatetoioominosdie．　s‘ai（mNi1onv．egi∫cn．t丿u　　as8si；ひn7nsi9se−9c（　M0taasn（tdIn−
Murata，　K．，K．　N〔〕hara　and　M ．Abe，1998．　E毋 　of　routine 　lir−e
References 　　　　burnin　gof　the　habit　aotn　the　ernergcnce　of　the　butterH，y
　　　　Shijimiaeoid　edsivinu　sasonis （Matsumura）．　Jpn，　J．　Entomol．
Balmer，0．　andA 、　Erhardt，2000．　Consequenc　eosfsuccession　on 　　　　（N．S，月：21−33．（In　Japanes）e
　　　　　　　　　ecBxoitleθnntsm．iuv1nei4lyt：i7e4　sg6r−：a7Rz5eet7d．h　girnaksisnlg　aconnds　efsrvoa　rtcieonntral　　pEruarcotpiecaen．s　αbu丿πt、st’eervr．fly 　　M　　u　　r　　ai〔tMn，aa　tKtes．n，usCmiu．t　Oryiakn　a）I．　mhTeor　thaoan　absn．　idltAeapt｛．i　〕Mfd．　a∫Stohs（｛ノ・，u　iJumairρ‘，aia2eno0i　d50e98s，：E　2df5if1ve−2ic　o5ntf9ug　．rasaszoinnigs
　E　rh　arcudltt，　iAva、t，ed19　a8n5da．　bDaniduonrendal　Lep　girdaospstlearna：．dsノe．　nAsiptpivle．　E　citnod．li22c：a8t4　o9orf−s 　N　e　w　，　UTn、　iRv．e1r9s9it7　．yPBruetsts，　eNref　wCio　yYnosrek．rvati（o2nnd　ed，），248　pp，　Oxfbrd
　　　I　　　no　　　u　　　e8np，i6eTty1r．　，，aa2ft0teu0r　3rr　ece，lgCeiahorrn−o　conuftot　sciee【n1qgtu　reoafn1　tJ〔liaea　pcclahiand．　nugEoenut　　sfmi〔o》n　rlae　s．　btSsuc　／tii，tn　6e刊a：　ryc1　oc5ool1m−　m1tu6em3．−− 　　NT　　eaw　　na　　，　kHRTaae，．　　mLB’Rm．　．oE，，，n　n正Rd9t8，o　8M，n，1tA．　9om，P94ely5t0l．hB：e，ou5d亅t7．t−　Ae8ofr3，e　f．nTvihiyroocmnomaensnstae，　lCrv．　aDt　　mei．　avoTnaalnhguoeamtmeianotns　　abnyd．　　mA　eRnan　nuCs．，
Ishi，　iM ．，　T．　Hirowatar　iand 　S．　Fujiwa‘’ra，1995．　Specie　dsiversity 　　　　of　fauna］composition 　ofbutterflies ．　Spec．　Bull．　Lepid．∫oo．
　　　　　　　　oZfe　pbhuytrtucsr’tttl／　y1ワcnom．　mJun．　iEtnievsir（〃1．　　EinntoMmtol．　．　MZiokouls．a7：　c1o3pp4i−ce146　．f（Ionr 　T　h　o　mノaLsp，　aJn．　　A6：．、51297−853．　6T6h．e（I　enc　oJloagpyεmes　eand）　conservation　of　L）・sandru
Japanese
　　　　 ） 　　　　heltar”g、s〔Lepidopter：aLycaenidae＞in　Britai．nノ．　Appl．　Ecol．
　　　KK　　　iim　　　ro　　　a，　frdTしaoau．n，u，gc　eSnt亘s9．ai，　o5v　］fii29　　n．tt　o　6BJfhy7zeaio．　　pyoRSs−aiyeonacumgo，　rklewaoyisg　tsuqihlcu　aaA　nalsdrnpcet　chaiisiat．p　paBe亘etucrlitle　asvafl．n　egeo∫arofl．e　oyntEcshsi、　eじsaPe　kl　s　tiaoooann−　　ct　t6athE：lhec　l2幽oe　pet7Cod−．ht（15｝rev：4en2y．rt0gsri9ao　−azp2mlre［．eo3dl．．id 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　24　（　L20　e7，：，p−511i299d93−9o858Lp3．R3t．．aeTrrhea：e　H　esecposelcpoigeeysri　ic　odannasde）¢　irsvnt　aaBttiurs〔i）nt｛；a｝fci　an．T　seEh‘　y・somtlue．d　ilEesintc　oouf　msa　oEclut．rioo8n・：
　K　um　a　m〔lont　oJap　Naincehsie）nich　iShimbun，1987．　Study　of　Aso．128−130． 　　　　　　　　paneda　nM　bu．　tGt．　eMtohri，re1si4，s9（−ed1s97）．　Tlhn　e1　．　sFc　iSepnteilflie　cmrabnea，gr　eFgm．　eBn．tGol　odfs　tmeimth−，
　　　　（ln　Japanes）e 　　　　perat　ceomm しmities　f（）r　conservation，　Blackwell　Scienc，e
Kumamoto 　Prefectur，e2〔｝09，　Red　data　book　ofKumamot 〔〕．597pp． 　　　　Oxford，　United　Kingdom ．
　　　　Kumamoto 　Prefectur．e〔ln　Japanese）
Lipscomb，　C．　G 　and　R．AJakson ，1964．　Some　considerations
　　　　on 　some 　presen　tday　conditions 　as　they　affect　the　continued 摘 要
　　M　　in　　i　　sedxtairstt　yoe　afnbc　oeEnovk　　oif2r　nocednr　mteadeijnntt　，ibo2un0　t05t6；e．2rT4fh6ir　ie．　peEapsnt．　teJonamepod　awtinl，　　dWRliiefl（etd．　h7off6e：亅　aR6pea3ns−e6　aR8r．ecdh 及オぼオルす放リ牧シのジ影ミの響生（村息田地浩に平お，け松る浦チ朝ョ奈ウ）の種多様性に
　　　　Cente．r（ln　Japanes）e 絶滅危惧種であるオオルリシジミの生息する阿蘇地域の草
M 〔兀ris，　M ．　G．，1975．　Preliminar　yobservations 　on　the　effects　of 原は，毎年，野焼きと放牧が継続されている草地が多い ．
　　　　　　　　bluimmiensgt　oH　engmeriapstesrlaa（．n　HBdeitoeLr　Cop・tne・ser　naan，．d7　；A3u1c1h−e31n9o．rhynch）aof 本ウ研相究を解で明は，す本る種とのと生も息にす，放る牧阿蘇の地有域無やの放草原牧圧にがお本け種るチを含ョ
　　　　　　　　　　　　mA　epn，tp1l　．　b9Ey8c　1co．uRlt．tei1ns8gp：　o1In0l7sl．−Ae1d〔s〕2vf　3cg．rrsae　sesfflecat　snid　novne　rAtuecbhreanto　ertosl　lmaynnagceha・J−・ むしつチつョそウ相の他にの及チぼすョウ影へ響のに影つ響いをてで，オきオるルだリけ与シジえなミをい 保放護牧
圧とは何かを明らかにすることを目的としてチョウ相を調
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TThhee　 LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegiroaollogical　 SSoooiceityety 　ooff　 JJaapapnan
50 K．MuRATA A，MATsuuRA
　and 　 　
査し，次のような結果を得た．（1）阿蘇地域の草原において らかな傾向はみられなかっ たが，Simpsonの多様度指数（1一
調査期間中に確認されたチ ョウは．10種の希少なチョ ウを λ）は放牧圧が増加するほど低 ドする傾向を示した．（6）草
含み5科64種であっ た．（2）草原性種の優占種は，オオル 原性の希少種の種数は放牧圧によっ て変化しなかっ たが，
リシジミ，モ ンキチ ョウなどで あっ た．一方，森林性種の 休牧区の森林性の希少種は低放牧圧区，慣行的放牧圧区お
優占種は，ル リシジミ，キチ ョ ウなどで あっ た．（3）放牧の よび高放牧圧区より多かっ た．（7）オオル リシ ジミの個体
有無がチ ョ ウ類群集に与える影響を調べ たとこ ろ， 数は，休牧区，低放牧圧区，慣行的放牧圧区の3区で5月に
Shannon−Wiener関数（H ’）に大きな違い は見られなかっ た チ ョ ウ類総個体数の 90％ を占めてい た．これらの結果か
が，種数は休牧区の ほ うが多く，Simpsonの多様度指数（1一 ら，阿蘇地域のオオル リシジミの生息地における放牧圧の
λ）は休牧区の方が高かっ た．また，休牧区では森林性種の 違い は．チ ョ ウ類の種構成に大きな影響を及ぼ してお り，
割合が高く，放牧区では草原性種の割合が高い傾向がみら 様々 な放牧圧の草原が存在することは，同地域のチ ョウ相
れた．  放牧圧が低い とシジミチ ョウ科の優占種が草原 を保全する Eで重要であることが示唆された．
性種のオオルリシジミか ら森林性種のルリシジミに変化す
る傾向がみ られた．（5）放牧圧の違いがチ ョウ類群集に与 （Received　April　l　6，2010．　Aceepted　February　l　O，2011）
える影響を調査したところ，Shannon−Wiener関数〔H’）に明
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