Educational Psychology Theory and Practice

356 Pages·2016·22.38 MB·English

Cedric Hodgson
Educational Psychology
Theory and Practice
Educational Psychology:
Theory and Practice

Educational Psychology:
Theor y and Practice
Edited by
Cedric Hodgson
Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice
Edited by Cedric Hodgson
ISBN: 978-1-9789-2292-1
© 2017 Library Press
Published by Library Press,
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19th Floor,
New York, NY 10001, USA
Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Educational psychology : theory and practice / edited by Cedric Hodgson.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-9789-2292-1
1.Educational psychology. 2. Education. 3. Psychology. I. Hodgson, Cedric.
LB1051 .E38 2017
370.15--dc23
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Table of Contents
Preface VII
Chapter 1 Introduction to Education 1
Chapter 2 Different Types of Education 19
a. Early Childhood Education 19
b. Primary Education 27
c. Secondary Education 52
d. Higher Education 74
e. Informal Education 80
f. Inclusion (Education) 83
Chapter 3 Methods of Education 97
a. Storytelling 97
b. Training 108
c. Co-teaching 112
d. Research 113
e. Factory Model School 125
Chapter 4 Theory,, Psychology and Philosophy of Education 131
a. Education Theory 131
b. Psychology of Education 136
c. Educational Psychology 139
d. Philosophy of Education 153
e. Constructivism (Philosophy of Education) 171
f. Sociology of Education 185
Chapter 5 Pedagogy: An Overview 191
a. Pedagogy 191
b. Progressive Education 193
c. Andragogy 204
d. Geragogy 208
Chapter 6 Curriculum: An Integrated Study 211
a. Curriculum 211
b. Curriculum Studies 222
Chapter 7 Various Educational Specializations 227
a. Agricultural Education 227
b. Visual Arts Education 236
c. Physical Education 241
d. Legal Education 246
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VI Contents
Chapter 8 Various Educational Qualifications 259
a. School Leaving Qualification 259
b. Diploma 263
c. Bachelor’s Degree 267
d. Master’s Degree 300
e. Doctorate 313
Chapter 9 Right to Education: An Important Aspect of Study 335
a. Right to Education 335
b. Compulsory Education 339
Permissions
Index
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Preface
Education is a fundamental right of a person. It enables him or her to succeed in life. It is a
process of gaining knowledge, beliefs, skills, values, etc. through the methods like storytelling,
research, training, learning, discussing and teaching. Through this book, we attempt to address
topics like the importance, need and result of education. It is designed to provide the readers
a thorough understanding of the different topics related to education. Such selected concepts
that redefine this subject have been presented in this text. Different approaches, evaluations
and methodologies on education have been included in it. It aims to serve as a resource guide
for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.
To facilitate a deeper understanding of the contents of this book a short introduction of every
chapter is written below:
Chapter 1- The process of learning is biologically programmed in all living beings but it is human
beings that have developed a system that teaches certain subjects and skill-sets. Education
is an ever expanding sector that geared toward promoting learning and the imbibing of life
skills. This chapter serves as an introduction to education. The chapter strategically encompasses
and incorporates the major components and key concepts of education, providing a complete
understanding.
Chapter 2- Education can be categorized based on the level of skill and information imparted
and also the physical location where it is attained. Early childhood education is a combination
of observational learning by the child and the learning that is fostered in play-schools and
kindergarten schools. This chapter links the various stages of a child’s life to the education
received by exploring early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and
higher education. A section also talks about informal education and inclusion.
Chapter 3- Teaching methods are always improving with focus on enhancing learning, breaking
monotony and introducing creativity in the learning process. This content touches upon methods
such as storytelling, training, co-teaching and research. The topic of factory model school is
included in this section to illustrate the direct teaching method. This chapter elucidates the
crucial theories and principles of education.
Chapter 4- Education theory focuses on the building of policies and practices centering on
education while also seeking to analyze and comprehend them. The sociology of education on the
other hand studies how public establishments and individual perceptions affect education. This
chapter outlines education theory, psychology of education, philosophy of education, educational
psychology, sociology of education and constructivism in the philosophy of education.
Chapter 5- The study of teaching and its methods as well as the theory of education and its
practice is called pedagogy. The content scrutinizes a pedagogical movement called progressive
education which focused on a multifaceted approach that uses experience as the fulcrum around
which education revolves. The chapter additionally includes two branches of pedagogy that
concentrate on adult and older adult education- andragogy and geragogy.
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VIII Preface
Chapter 6- The entirety of the educational experiences in a student’s life is known as curriculum.
Curriculum could vary from highly organized and sequential to autonomous depending on the
region, age of learner and other factors. Curriculum studies delve into understanding how
curriculum actively shapes a person’s educational experience. Further this chapter reviews
the different school organizational models. The topics discussed in the chapter are of great
importance to broaden the existing knowledge on education.
Chapter 7- Educational specializations build definitive skill-sets in various fields like agriculture,
visual arts, physical education and legal studies. This approach helps hone and nurture innate
talent besides developing interest and prompting students to decide on professional careers.
This content seeks to deepen the understanding of educational specializations in these fields.
Chapter 8- The job market is inundated with applicants seeking various positions based on
their educational qualifications. Educational qualifications help companies and employers sift
through applicants and choose the ones that best match the required profile. This chapter lists
varied educational qualifications such as diploma, bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, doctorate
and school leaving qualification.
Chapter 9- Right to education has been declared a universal human right and is to be provided
free at primary and secondary levels if possible. It enables a person the right to free and
compulsory education at the primary level as well as the right to seek secondary education, if
he/she chooses as such. It also seeks to dismantle discrimination of all kinds in the educational
sphere. This chapter discusses the methods of education in a critical manner providing key
analysis to the subject matter.
Finally, I would like to thank the entire team involved since the inception of this book for their
valuable time and contribution. This book would not have been possible without their efforts. I
would also like to thank my friends and family for their constant support.
Editor
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1
Introduction to Education
The process of learning is biologically programmed in all living beings but it is human beings
that have developed a system that teaches certain subjects and skill-sets. Education is an ever ex-
panding sector that geared toward promoting learning and the imbibing of life skills. This chapter
serves as an introduction to education. The chapter strategically encompasses and incorporates
the major components and key concepts of education, providing a complete understanding.
Lecture at the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, CTU, in Prague
Student participants in the FIRST Robotics Competition, Washington, D.C.
Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values,
beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and
directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners
may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any
experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered edu-
cational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.
Education is one of the ten function systems of modern societies. It is commonly divided formally
into such stages as preschool or kindergarten, primary school, secondary school and then college,
university, or apprenticeship.
A right to education has been recognized by some governments, including at the global level: Article
13 of the United Nations’ 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights rec-
ognizes a universal right to education. In most regions education is compulsory up to a certain age.
Etymology
Etymologically, the word “education” is derived from the Latin ēducātiō (“A breeding, a bringing
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