Education, Research, and Practice in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Psychology PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON LESBIAN AND GAY ISSUES editors Beverly Greene Gregory M. Herek ♦ 1. Lesbian and Gay Psychology: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications Edited by Beverly Greene and Gregory M. Herek ♦ 2. AIDS, Identity, and Community: The HIV Epidemic and Lesbians and Gay Men Edited by Gregory M. Herek and Beverly Greene ♦ 3. Ethnic and Cultural Diversity Among Lesbians and Gay Men Edited by Beverly Greene ♦ 4. Stigma and Sexual Orientation: Understanding Prejudice Against Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals Edited by Gregory M. Herek ♦ 5. Education, Research, and Practice in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Psychology: A Resource Manual Edited by Beverly Greene and Gladys L. Groom EDITORIAL BOARD Laura S. Brown, Ph.D. Gary Melton, Ph.D. Ellen Cole, Ph.D. Letitia Anne Peplau, Ph.D. John P. De Cecco, Ph.D. Pamela T. Reid, Ph.D. Oliva Espin, Ph.D. Esther Rothblum, Ph.D. Linda Garnets, Ph.D. Royce W. Scrivner, Ph.D. John C. Gonsiorek, Ph.D. Charles Silverstein, Ph.D. Arnold Kahn, Ph.D. Mark Snyder, Ph.D. Douglas Kimmel, Ph.D. Leonore Tiefer, Ph.D. Education, Research, and Practice in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Psychology A Resource Manual editors Beverly Greene Gladys L. Croom Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Issues Volume 5 Sponsored by the Society for the Psychological Study of Lesbian and Gay Issues, Division 44 of the American Psychological Association Sage Publications, Inc. <§ International Educational and Professional Publisher Thousand Oaks ■ London ■ New Delhi Copyright © 2000 by Sage Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any infor- mation storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information: Sage Publications, Inc. <§ 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] Sage Publications Ltd. 6 Bonhill Street London EC2A4PU United Kingdom Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. M-32 Market Greater Kailash I New Delhi 110 048 India Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Main entry under title: Education, research, and practice in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered psychology: A resource manual/ edited by Beverly Greene and Gladys L. Croom. p. cm. —(Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay issues; v. 5) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8039-5382-8 (cloth: acid-free paper) ISBN 0-8039-5383-6 (pbk.: acid-free paper) 1. Gays—Psychology—Study and teaching. 2. Gays—Psychology—Research. 3. Gays—Mental health services. 4. Bisexuals—Pyschology—Study and teaching. 5. Bisexuals—Psychology—Research. 6. Bisexuals—Mental health services. 7. Transexuals—Psychology—Study and teaching. 8. Transexuals—Psychology—Research. 9. Transexuals—Mental health services. I. Greene, Beverly. II. Croom, Gladys L. III. Series. HQ76.25.E38 1999 305.9Ό66—dc21 99-6531 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Acquiring Editor: Jim Nageotte Editorial Assistant: Heidi Van Middlesworth Production Editor: Denise Santoyo Editorial Assistant: Karen Wiley Typesetter: Rose Tylak Indexer: Teri Greenberg Royce W. Scrivner 1939-1997 This volume is dedicated to the memory of Roy Scrivner, a pioneer in lesbian and gay psychology. Roy was a psychologist with a national reputation for advocacy, scholarly work in lesbian and gay psychology, pioneering contributions to lesbian and gay family psychology, and leadership in major psychology organizations. His contributions have had a significant impact on lesbian and gay psychology. Roy received his doctorate in counseling psychology from the University of Texas at Austin in 1974. He went to work at the Dallas Administration Medical Center in 1975 and was in private practice in Dallas since 1980. Professionally, Roy founded the APA Division of Family Psychology's Committee on Lesbian and Gay Family Issues and served as chair of that committee for several terms. He was also active in many other forums of professional psychology, including service to Division 44. In 1997, Roy received the Carolyn Attneave Award from the Family Psychology Division for his outstanding contributions to diversity issues in family psychology. He was president of the Texas Psychological Association in 1992 and was quite possibly the first openly gay president of a state psychological association in the United States. Roy established the Texas Psychological Foundation's Lesbian and Gay Research Award in 1986 and was the recipient of the 1987 Distinguished Psychologist Award given by the Dallas Psychological Association. In 1992, Roy was instrumental in writing the brief filed by the Texas Psychological Association, supporting the repeal of the law prohibiting same-sex sexual relations. Roy's writings, his amicus briefs, and his testimony as an expert witness represent other significant contributions to the discipline and to the betterment of the lives of lesbians and gay men. Those who knew him regard his passing as the loss of a warm, sensitive, and supportive friend. This volume is dedicated to him in remembrance of his life and work. He will be greatly missed. v Contents Preface I ix 1. Beyond Heterosexism and Across the Cultural Divide: Developing an Inclusive Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Psychology: A Look to the Future I 1 BEVERLY GREENE 2. Teaching Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Psychology: Contemporary Strategies I 46 CHRISTINE BROWNING CRAIG KAIN 3. Including Sexual Orientation in Life Span Developmental Psychology I 59 DOUGLAS C. KIMMEL 4. Confronting Heterosexism in the Teaching of Psychology I 74 JANE M. SIMONI 5. Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Lives: Basic Issues in Psychotherapy Training and Practice I 91 KRISTIN A. HANCOCK 6. Including Transgender Issues in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Psychology: Implications for Clinical Practice and Training I 131 KATHY A. GAINOR 7. Bisexuality in Perspective: A Review of Theory and Research I 161 RONALD C. FOX 8. Lesbians, Gays, and Family Psychology: Resources for Teaching and Practice I 207 ROBERT-JAY GREEN 9. Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescent Development: Dancing With Your Feet Tied Together I 226 JOYCE HUNTER GERALD P. MALLON 10. Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation: Psychology's Evolution I 244 DOUGLAS C. HALDEMAN 11. Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People of Color: A Challenge to Representative Sampling in Empirical Research I 263 GLADYS L. CROOM 12. The Lesbian and Gay Workplace: An Employee's Guide to Advancing Equity I 282 SUSAN GORE Appendix I: American Psychological Association Policy Statements on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Concerns I 303 Appendix II: Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Concerns at the American Psychological Association I 315 CLINTON W. ANDERSON Index I 319 About the Editors I 338 About the Contributors I 340 Preface T his volume is the fifth in the annual series, Psychological Perspec- tives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Issues, sponsored by the Soci- ety for the Psychological Study of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Issues (Division 44 of APA). This volume is devoted to providing a basic col- lection of resources for educators, practitioners, and researchers in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered (LGBT) Psychology Academic psychologists have been challenged to make psychology curriculums more inclusive. This often involves revising course material and content such that the full spectrum of sexual orientation identity, de- velopment, and life dilemmas are represented in undergraduate and graduate courses. Similarly, individuals responsible for training in other mental health disciplines, mental health agencies, and other venues that deliver psychological services to LGBT individuals have been appropri- ately challenged to make training competent practitioners a priority. Many practitioners who have had no training in LGBT psychology find themselves confronted with clients they feel ill-equipped to address. They often have the desire to develop clinical competencies in this area but may be at a loss to determine how to do so or where to begin. This volume is intended to serve as a basic resource with information on sali- ent LGBT issues and to provide the reader with a range of references and other resources to explore each topic in greater depth. In Chapter 1,1 provide an overview of the conflated aspects of hetero- sexism and other forms of social oppression and their effects on diverse, and often invisible populations of LGB men and women. This discussion emphasizes the challenge that future LGBT psychology faces in explor- IX