Education in Revolutionary Struggles: Iván Illich, Paulo Freire, Ernesto Guevara and Latin American Thought PDF
Preview Education in Revolutionary Struggles: Iván Illich, Paulo Freire, Ernesto Guevara and Latin American Thought
Education in Revolutionary Struggles Education in Revolutionary Struggles introduces us to the fascinating world of Latin American educational thought in the third quarter of the 20th century. It discusses the contributions of three of the most distin- guished intellectuals of the period – Iván Illich, Paulo Freire and Ernesto Guevara – and more specifically their answers to the eternal challenge: What is – or should be – the role of education in the profound, structural and/or revolutionary transformation of our societies? The first part of the book identifies the cultural, economic and political context of the revolutionary years in Latin America. This historical framework is of particular interest because it is the setting for the intellectual and ed- ucational debates in which these three thinkers took part. The second part, the heart of the book, expounds in depth how Iván Illich, Paulo Freire and Ernesto Guevara contributed to understanding of how ed- ucation is linked to the transformation of society. The third and final part highlights the most fertile dimensions of the educational thought of Iván Illich, Paulo Freire and Ernesto Guevara – deschooling, liberation education and revolutionary education, respectively – and analyses the points where their conceptions of “education in revolutionary struggles” converged, complemented one another or diverged. Andrés Donoso Romo is Researcher in the Centre for Advanced Re- search in Education, Institute of Education, University of Chile, and in the Centre of Advanced Studies, Playa Ancha University (Chile). Routledge Studies in the History of the Americas 10 The Global Perspective of Urban Labor in Mexico City, 1910–1929 El Mundo al Revés Stephan Fender 11 The Last Year of President Kennedy and the “Multiple Path” Policy Toward Cuba Håkan Karlsson and Tomás Diez Acosta 12 The Monroe Doctrine in a Contemporary Perspective Denneth M. Modeste 13 Free People of Color in the Spanish Atlantic Race and Citizenship, 1780–1850 Federica Morelli 14 Hearing Enslaved Voices African and Indian Slave Testimony in British and French America, 1700–1848 Edited by Sophie White and Trevor Burnard 15 Kinship and Incestuous Crime in Colonial Guatemala Sarah N. Saffa 16 Education in Revolutionary Struggles Iván Illich, Paulo Freire, Ernesto Guevara and Latin American Thought Andrés Donoso Romo For more information about this series, please visit: https://www. routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-in-the-History-of-the-Americas/ book-series/RSHAM Education in Revolutionary Struggles Iván Illich, Paulo Freire, Ernesto Guevara and Latin American Thought Andrés Donoso Romo TRANSLATED BY WILLIAM BARNE First published in English 2021 by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 Taylor & Francis The right of Andrés Donoso Romo to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. A educação emancipatória: Iván Illich, Paulo Freire, Ernesto Guevara e o pensamento latino-americano. Copyright © 2020 by Andrés Donoso Romo. Published in Portuguese by University of São Paulo Press, Brazil. La educación en las luchas revolucionarias: Iván Illich, Paulo Freire, Ernesto Guevara y el pensamiento latinoamericano. Copyright © 2018 by Andrés Donoso Romo. Published in Chile by Quimantú Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Donoso Romo, Andrés, 1980– author. Title: Education in revolutionary struggles : Iván Illich, Paulo Freire, Ernesto Guevara and Latin American thought / Andrés Donoso Romo. Other titles: Educación en las luchas revolucionarias. English Description: New York, NY : Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in the history of the americas; vol 16 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020026027 (print) | LCCN 2020026028 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367467784 (hardback) | ISBN 9781003030980 (ebook) | ISBN 9781000173543 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781000173550 (mobi) | ISBN 9781000173567 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Education—Social aspects—Latin America. | Education—Political aspects—Latin America. | Education—Latin America—Philosophy. | Illich, Ivan, 1926–2002. | Freire, Paulo, 1921–1997. | Guevara, Che, 1928–1967. Classification: LCC LC92.A2 D6613 2020 (print) | LCC LC92.A2 (ebook) | DDC 370.98—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020026027 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020026028 ISBN: 978-0-367-46778-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-03098-0 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by codeMantra For Mariana, Ana María, Silvio and all those who believe that love alone makes a miracle out of clay Contents Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 PART I 1 The Contemporary Tensions of Latin America from a Historical Perspective 7 2 Development in Dispute among Latin American Intellectuals 21 3 The Golden Years of Education in Latin America, 1950–1980 33 PART II 4 Iván Illich, Deschooling and the Cultural Revolution 49 5 Paulo Freire, Latin American Thought and the Struggle for Liberation 65 6 Ernesto Guevara and the Role of Education in Revolutionary Processes 81 PART III 7 Education and Social Transformation in Latin American Thought 99 References 107 Index 113 Acknowledgements This work has been possible through the contributions of many institutions and individuals. I must thank the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research, Chile, for the full grant which supported the investigation underlying these pages. I am also grateful to the Postgraduate Programme in Latin American Integration of the Uni- versity of São Paulo for the facilities which enabled me to carry out this study. Likewise I thank the Centre of Investigation on Latin America and the Caribbean of the National Autonomous University of Mexico for welcoming me for a semester as a visiting researcher, and the Na- tional Council of Culture and the Arts, Chile, for the resources which allowed the results of the study to be turned into a manuscript which would appeal to a broader readership. My gratitude goes to all the specialists interviewed during my in- vestigation, including Nicolás Arata, María del Carmen Ariet, Beatriz Bissio, Miguel Ángel Contreras, Moacir Gadotti, Pablo Gentili, Claudia Gilman, Sergio Guerra Vilaboy, Silene Freire, Alberto Martínez Boom, Javier Ocampo, Esther Pérez, Adriana Puiggrós, Leonardo Sequera, Carlos Alberto Torres and Lidia Turner Martí. I must also thank the teaching communities of the National Auton- omous University of Mexico, the National University of Córdoba, the State University of Mato Grosso and the University of Valparaiso, whose observations during my public presentations in their campuses enriched the interpretations contained in this book enormously. The same recog- nition is extended to the Popular Athenaeum of Caracas, where I carried out the same exercise with equally satisfactory results. It is only right to acknowledge all the journals which published pre- liminary versions of the chapters of the book, and most especially their reviewers. Thanks to their observations, the ideas expounded in these pages have achieved greater depth and clearer expression. The journals in which these first versions appeared were Cuadernos Americanos of the National Autonomous University of Mexico; Revista Tensões Mun- diais of the Observatory of Nationalities, Brazil; Revista Educación of the University of Costa Rica; Revista Tareas of the Justo Arosemena Latin American Studies Centre, Panama; Revista de Filosofía of the
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