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Education in Ancient Rome: From the Elder Cato to the Younger Pliny PDF

419 Pages·2012·6.61 MB·English
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EDUCATION IN ANCIENT ROME From the elder Cato to the younger Pliny Stanley F. Bonner ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: EDUCATION ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: EDUCATION EDUCATION IN ANCIENT ROME EDUCATION IN ANCIENT ROME From the elder Cato to the younger Pliny STANLEY F. BONNER Volume 91 Routledge Taylor &. Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK First published in 1977 This edition first published in 2012 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 1977 Stanley F. Bonner All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 13: 978-0-415-61517-4 (Set) eISBN 13: 978-0-203-81617-2 (Set) ISBN 13: 978-0-415-68979-3 (Volume 91) eISBN 13: 978-0-203-18132-4 (Volume 91) Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent. Disclaimer The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace. Fig. 1 A Roman boy, with papyrus roll and book box. EDUCATION IN ANCIENT ROME From the elder Cato to the younger Pliny STANLEY F. BONNER Methuen & Co Ltd First published in 1977 by Methuen & Co Ltd 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE © 1977 Stanley F. Bonner Photoset in English Times by Red Lion Setters, Holborn, London Printed in Great Britain at the University Printing House, Cambridge ISBN (hardback) 0 416 79710 5 ISBN (paperback) 0 416 85710 8 This title is available in both hardbound and paperback editions. The paperback edition is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Contents List of illustrations vii Acknowledgements ix Preface xi Part One The Historical Background 1 I Early Roman upbringing 3 II Education within the family 10 (I) Parents and relatives III Education within the family (continued) 20 (II) Private tutors from distant lands IV Primary schools and 'pedagogues' 34 V Schools of Grammar and Literature 47 VI The rhetoric schools and their critics 65 VII Cicero and the ideal of oratorical education 76 VIII The Roman student abroad 90 IX Education in a decadent society 97 Part Two Conditions of Teaching 113 X The problem of accommodation 115 XI Equipment organization; discipline 126 XII The hazards of a fee-paying system; municipal and State appointments 146 Part Three The Standard Teaching Programme 163 XIII Primary education: reading, writing and reckoning 165 XIV The Grammatical syllabus 189 (I) The elements of metre and the parts of speech XV The Grammatical syllabus (continued) 198 (II) Correctness in speech and writing XVI Study of the poets 212 (I) Reading aloud and reciting XVII Study of the poets (continued) 227 (II) From reading to commentary XVIII Progress into rhetoric: preliminary exercises 250 XIX Declamations on historical themes 277 XX Learning the art of the advocate 288 XXI Declamation as a preparation for the lawcourts 309 Conclusion: a few lessons from the past 328 List of abbreviations 334 Notes 336 Bibliography 380 Index 393 List of illustrations 1 A Roman boy, with papyrus roll and book box (Petworth Collection) frontispiece 2 Scenes from childhood (Roman sarcophagus, Musée du Louvre) 13 3 Paedagogus with lamp, carrying child (Greek terracotta) 24 4 Paedagogus accompanying child (Greek terracotta, Cairo Museum) 25 5 Paedagogus teaching (a) writing, (b) reading (Greek terracottas, British Museum Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities) 26 6 Private tutor at Herculaneum (engraving by E. Roux Ainé of a Roman wall painting no longer extant) 29 7 Philocalus, primary schoolmaster of Capua (Roman funerary monu- ment, Naples Museum) 43 8 Epaphroditus, Greek grammaticus at Rome (Roman portrait-statue, Palazzo Altieri, Rome) 50 9 Schoolroom scene at Trier (late Roman relief, Rheinisches Landes- museum, Trier) 56 10 Schoolboy's lines (Greek school tablet of whitened wood, Berlin Staatsmuseen) 61 11 School in the Forum at Pompeii (engraving of a Roman wall- painting, Naples Museum) 118 12 Schoolboy's drawing, with caption (Roman graffito, from a paeda- gogium on the Palatine) 123 13 Caricature of a school class (Greek terracotta, Musee du Louvre) 124 14 Roman stili and pens (British Museum Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities) 128 15 Roman inkpots (British Museum Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities) 132 16 Waxed writing-tablets, strung together (Berlin Staatsmuseen) 134 17 Numbers symbolized by the fingers (from the Regensburg MS of Bede) 167 18 Section of teaching manual, showing syllables (third-century B.C. papyrus, MS 65445, Cairo Museum) 170 19 Section of teaching manual, showing syllabic word-division (third- century B.C. papyrus, MS 65445, Cairo Museum) 171

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