Education, Citizenship, and Cuban Identity Rosi Smith Education, Citizenship, and Cuban Identity Rosi Smith Education, Citizenship, and Cuban Identity Rosi Smith University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK ISBN 978-1-137-58305-5 ISBN 978-1-137-58306-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-58306-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016940636 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2 016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: © David White / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Nature America Inc. New York For my mother, Kathy Smith, who taught me my own revolutionary values. A CKNOWLEDGMENTS My fi rst thanks must go to Professor Antoni Kapcia. Not only have I relied, throughout the writing of this book and the thesis that preceded it, on his knowledge, thoroughness and wisdom, but I have also been continually touched by his unstinting kindness and patience. While grateful to all my interviewees, special mention is necessary of Rita González, Enrique Gómez Cabezas, Wilfredo Mederos García and Alexei Padilla Herrera, without whose help and advice this book would have been impossible. Finally, and most importantly, my thanks go to the young people of Cuba, who generously welcomed me into their homes, social circles, frustrations and dreams. vii C ONTENTS 1 Introduction: Learning Your Place 1 2 Education and Ideology in Cuba 11 3 Tomorrow’s Heroes 59 4 The Emergente Generation 119 5 The Lost Generation 169 6 Conclusion: Cuban Citizenship Education in Context 221 Appendix A: Record of Youth Interviews 239 Appendix B: Record of Non-Youth Interviews (Experts and Commentators) 247 Bibliography 249 Index 269 ix