Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management: Confronting Tradeoffs PDF
Preview Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management: Confronting Tradeoffs
This page intentionally left blank Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management Confronting Tradeoffs Responsiblefisheriesmanagementisofincreasinginteresttothe scientificcommunity,resourcemanagers,policymakers,stakeholders, andthegeneralpublic.Focusingsolelyonmanagingonespeciesoffish stockatatimehasbecomelessofaviableoptionformanyreasons. Incorporatingmoreholisticconsiderationsintofisheriesmanagement byaddressingthetradeoffsamongtherangeofissuesinvolved,such asecologicalprinciples,legalmandates,andtheinterestsof stakeholders,willhopefullychallengeandshifttheperceptionthat ecosystem-basedfisheriesmanagement(EBFM)isunfeasible. DemonstratingthatEBFMis,infact,feasiblewillhavewidespread impact,inbothUSandinternationalwaters.Usingcasestudies, examiningunderlyingphilosophies,andexploringanalytical approaches,thisbookbringstogetherarangeofinterdisciplinarytopics surroundingEBFMandconsidersthesesimultaneously,withtheaimof providingtoolsforsuccessfulimplementationandoffurtheringthe debateonEBFM,ultimatelyhopingtofosterenhancedlivingmarine resourcemanagement. JasonS. Link iscurrent lyaSeniorResearchFisheriesBiologistat theNationalMarineFisheriesServiceinWoodsHole,USA.Hehas spentalargepartofhiscareerhelpingtoestablishthescientific underpinningsforEBFMandhasreceivedtheFisheriesSocietyofthe BritishIslesMedalforsignificantadvancesinfisheriesscience. Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management Confronting Tradeoffs jason s. link NationalMarine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole, MA, USA CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore, Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Dubai,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaby CambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521762984 #J.S.Link2010 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2010 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Link,JasonS. Ecosystem-basedfisheriesmanagement:confrontingtradeoffs/J.S.Link. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-521-76298-4 1. Fisherymanagement. 2. Marinefishes–Ecology. 3. Fishpopulations. I. Title. SH328.L5642010 333.9506–dc22 2010016808 ISBN978-0-521-76298-4Hardback CambridgeUniversi tyPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents Preface Pageix PartI Context 1 1 Admittheproblem 3 Thescopeandextentofglobal fisheriesissues 3 Admittingwehaveaproblemwith globalfisheries 7 Howdidwegethere? 10 Anemphasisonsinglespecies 15 Transitions 17 Summarypoints 19 2 Whyisanecosyste mapproachnowstrongly heraldedandmerited? 20 Sortingoutalphabetsoup,andwhatdoes EBFMmean? 20 TheoriginsandhistoryofEBFM 26 SowhydowewanttoconsiderEBFM? 30 Nowwe’retohow 33 Summarypoints 33 3 Beingaudacious 34 Stewardship 34 Priorities 36 Marinecapturefisheriesare notfarming 40 v vi Contents Audacity 45 Summarypoints 45 4 FrameworkforscientificinformationtosupportEBFM 46 Atriagelist 46 Don’tthrowoutthebabywiththebathwater, butdochangethewateronceinawhile 50 LevelsandusesofmanagementadviceinEBFM 52 Decision-theoreticframework 54 Whattypeofadvice? 57 Summarypoints 58 5 WhendoesitmakesensetodoEBFM? 60 Instanceswhenwewouldwantto considerEBFM 60 Environmentalfactors 61 Speciespairingsviaecologicalinteractions 61 Multispeciesconsiderations 68 Systemicperspectives 69 Arewethereyet? 72 Summarypoints 73 PartII MakingEBFMoperational:technical considerations 75 6 Ecosystemindicators 77 Systemperspectiverequired 77 Indicatortaxonomiesandproperties 78 Presentingindicators 80 Usingindicators 83 Remainingchallenges 85 Summarypoints 86 Researchremaining 87 7 Expandingthestockfocus:whatweshould havebeendoingyesterday 88 LMRfoundations 88 MoreLMRfoundations:models 89 Realitycheck 93 Expandingextantassessmentmodels:SSadd-ons 95 Contents vii Expandingassessmentmodels:the multispeciesworld 100 UsingSSadd-onsandMSmodels 107 Summarypoints 108 Researchremaining 109 8 Asystemicfocus:whatwecandonow 110 Bionicfisheriesmodels 110 Aggregatemodels 110 Networkmodels 112 Biophysical,habitat,andbiogeochemicalmodels 115 Fullsystemmodels 116 Usingaggregateandsystemicmodels 118 Summarypoints 120 Researchremaining 120 9 Assessingrisk:adifferentview ofecosysteminformation 122 HowdowehandlelimitedinformationforEBFM? 122 Riskybusiness 123 Recipesfordoingriskassessment 124 Assessingrisktoavoidrisk 125 Summarypoints 130 Researchremaining 130 PartIII Institutionalconsiderations 131 10 Whymostfisheriesbiologistsbecomeamateur socialscientists 133 Fisheriesdefined 133 Whywon’ttheylistentome...? 136 Valuingvalue 138 Summarypoints 144 Researchremaining 144 11 ManagementinstitutionsregardingEBFM 145 Legalbackground 146 Governanceandmanagementinstitutions 148 Combatingcomplexilliness 151 Institutionalimplementation 154 viii Contents Summarypoints 156 Researchremaining 157 12 It’sallabouttradeoffs 158 Tradeoffs:whatdowewant? 158 Processesthatdealwithtradeoffs 163 Returningtomanagementoperational objectives 165 Fin 167 Summarypoints 168 Researchremaining 169 Glossary 170 References 181 Index 203
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