ECONOMICS AND RELIGION: Are They Distinct? Recent Economic Thought Series Editor: Warren G. Samuels Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A. Other books in this series: Mercuro, N.: Law and Economics Hennings, K. and Samuels, W.: Neoclassical Economic Theory, 1870- 1930 Samuels, W.: Economics as Discourse Lutz, M.: Social Economics Weimar, D.: Policy Analysis and Economics Bromley, D. and Segerson, K.: The Social Response to Environmental Risk Roberts, B. and Feiner, S.: Radical Economics Mercuro, N.: Taking Property and Just Compensation de Marchi, N.: Post-Popperian Methodology ofEconomics Gapinski, J.: The Economics of Saving Darity, W.: Labor Economics: Problems in Analyzing Labor Markets Caldwell, B. and Boehm, S.: Austrian Economics: Tensions and Directions Tool, Marc R.: Institutional Economics: Theory, Method, Policy Babe, Robert E.: Information and Communication in Economics Magnusson, Lars: Mercantilist Economics Garston, Neil: Three Paradigms Friedman, James W.: Problems of Co-ordination in Economic Activity ECONOMICS AND RELIGION: Are They Distinct? Edited by H. Geoffrey Brennan Australian National University and A. M. C. Waterman University of Manitoba Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Economics and religion: are they distinct? I edited by H. Geoffrey Brennan and A. M. C. Waterman. p. cm. - (Recent economic thought) Includes index. ISBN 978-94-010-4606-0 ISBN 978-94-011-1384-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1384-7 1. Economics-History. 2. Religion-History. 3. Economics-Religious aspects-History. 1. Brennan, H. Geoffrey. II. Waterman, Anthony Michael C. III. Series. HB71.E2675 1994 33O-dc20 93-50649 CIP Copyright ® 1994 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1994 Alt rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanic- al, photocopying, recording, or othelWise, without the prior written permis- sion of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Printed on acid-free paper. Contents Contributing Authors Vll Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ix 1 Introduction: Economics and Religion? 3 H. Geoffrey Brennan and A. M. C. Waterman PART ONE: CASE STUDIES 2 Theological Positions and Economic Perspectives in Ancient Literature 19 Barry Gordon 3 Whately, Senior, and the Methodology of Classical Economics 41 A. M. C. Waterman 4 John Bates Clark: The Religious Imperative 61 John F. Henry 5 Wicksteed: Economist and Prophet 77 Ian Steedman 6 Frank Knight: Economics versus Religion 103 Ross B. Emmett 7 ORDO Liberalism and the Social Market Economy 121 Richard E. Wagner 8 Keynes and Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 139 T. K. Rymes PART TWO: INTERPRETATWE ESSAYS 9 The Impact of Theological Predispositions on Economics: A Commentary 163 H. Geoffrey Brennan 10 Mappings of (Economic) Meaning: Here Be Monsters 179 A. B. Cramp 11 The Religious Content of Economics 193 Sheila C. Dow 12 Comment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205 G. C. Harcourt 13 Review of the Evidence 213 Paul Heyne 14 Economics as Religion 227 Robert H. Nelson 15 The Impossibility of a Theologically Sensitive Economics .... 237 Karen I. Vaughn 16 Summary If Not Conclusions 249 H. Geoffrey Brennan and A. M. C. Waterman References 259 Index 279 Contributing Authors H. Geoffrey Brennan, Director Paul Heyne Research School of Social Sciences Department of Economics The Australian National University University of Washington Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Seattle, WA 98195 A. B. Cramp Robert H. Nelson Emmanuel College School of Public Affairs Cambridge CB2 3AP University of Maryland England College Park, MD 20742 Sheila C. Dow T. K. Rymes Department of Economics Department of Economics The University, Stirling FK9 4LA Carleton University Scotland Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada Ross B. Emmett Ian Steedman Augustana University College Economic and Social Studies Camrose, Alberta T4V 2R2 The Victoria University of Canada Manchester Manchester M13 9PL, England Barry Gordon Karen I. Vaughn Department of Economics Department of Economics The University of Newcastle George Mason University Shortland, NSW 2308, Australia Fairfax, VA 22030 G. C. Harcourt Richard E. Wagner Jesus College Department of Economics Cambridge CB5 8BL George Mason University England Fairfax, VA 22030 John F. Henry A. M. C. Waterman, Director Department of Economics Institute for the Humanities California State University University of Manitoba Sacramento, CA 95819-6082 Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada Barry Lewis John Gordon, 1934-1994 As this book was going to press, the editors learned with the deepest regret of the sudden death from heart attack of Barry Gordon on 17 March 1994. Barry's entire career was spent at the University of Newcastle, New South Wales, and he was Professor Emeritus at his death. Though best known latterly for his unrivalled knowledge of economic thought in the Ancient World, he made distinguished contributions to two other fields: the effect of political economy on public policy debate in early nine- teenth-century Britain; and labour economics and industrial relations, much of the latter in collaboration with his wife, Moira. His researches were published in 6 books, 34 articles-many in world-famous journals, and numerous monographs and chapters in other books such as this. He was a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences of Australia, and editorial board member of History of Political Economy. Though Barry was highly valued by his colleagues and students, and his scholarship and learning respected and admired by a wide circle throughout the English-speaking world, his outward achievements gave only a hint of the warmth, vitality and goodness that charmed and enlivened all who knew him personally. Athlete, wine-lover, jazz enthusiast and generous host, he had a gift for friendship that now seems rare. His intellectual interests, social conscience, moral integrity, joy of life and devotion to family were alike animated by a faithful christianity nurtured in the Church of Rome, of which he remained a loyally critical member until his death. Acknowledgments The editors and other authors are grateful to all who have read and commented on work-in-progress, in particular to Hugh Boyd, Bradley Bateman, Knud Haakonssen, Joan Harcourt, Rebecca Harcourt, Mary Kinnear, Rod O'Donnell, Catherine Price, Larry Read, Colin Rogers, Dorothy Slater, Viktor J. Vanberg, Adrian Winnett, Stan Winer; and also to Margaret Waterman for editorial assistance. In addition, some of us wish to acknowledge research support during our part in this project: John Henry for a Research Award of California State University at Sacramento; Ian Steedman for the hospitality of the University of Graz, Austria; Richard Wagner for funding from the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation; and Anthony Waterman for Research Fellowships at the University of Manitoba Institute for the Humanities and the Australian National University. Ross Emmett and the editors wish to thank the University of Chicago for permission to quote from the Frank Knight papers held in the University Archives. The project would not have begun without the inspiration and encouragement of Warren J. Samuels, nor ended but for the devoted labors of our secretarial assistants in 11 different universities widely scattered throughout the English-speaking world. The editors are particularly indebted to Margaret Doyle of the Australian National University; and to Helga Dyck of the University of Manitoba for maintaining communications among us all, and bringing a heteroge- neous assortment of copy to a unified and pleasing consummation. ECONOMICS AND RELIGION: Are They Distinct?