Table Of Content

Міністерство транспорту та зв’язку України Державна адміністрація зв’язку Одеська національна академія зв’язку ім. О.С. Попова Кафедра іноземних мов О.А. Радіус, І.М. Шамановська ECONOMICS Навчальний посібник для студентів дистанційного навчання факультетів ЕП та МО 1-й курс Одеса 2009 УДК 8111.111 (075) План НМВ 2009 р. Радіус О.А., Шамановська І.М. Economics: Навчальний посібник – Одеса: ОНАЗ, 2008. – 125 с. Від. ред. – доц. Чугунова Н.В. Навчальний посібник призначено для студентів дистанційного навчання 1-го курсу економічного факультету ОНАЗ. Оригінальний текстовий матеріал, набір граматичних та комунікативних вправ сприятимуть підвищенню, як термінологічної компетенції студентів, так і розвитку навичок мовлення в межах професійного спілкування. Затвердженно методичною радою та рекомендовано до друку. Протокол № 6 від 10.06.08 р. 2 CONTENTS Module I Variant I. Text “Economic Situation in Ukraine”…………………………...5 Variant II. Text “Economic development of Great Britain”………………..12 Variant III. Text “Joint venturing of HP”…………………………………….18 Variant IV. Text “Distance learning”…………………………………………24 Module II Variant I. Text “Videoconferencing”………………………………………..31 Variant II. Text “Money and its functions”………………………………….38 Variant III. Text “The federal reserve system”………………………………45 Variant IV. Text “Crime in banking. Money washing”……………………...53 Module III Variant I. Text “The Bank of America”…………………………………….59 Variant II. Text “Ukrainian’s Economy Business and Investment Opportunities in Ukraine. International Relations”……..65 Variant III. Text “Ukrainian – British Relationships” ……………………...70 Variant IV. Text “Business and Investment Opportunities in Ukraine: Ukraine Open for Business”………………………………75 Module IV Variant I. Text “Project Economics”………………………………………..80 Variant II. Text “Where do Banks get Their Money?”……………………..86 Variant III. Text “СAPITAL I” ………………………………………………91 Variant IV. Text “CAPITAL II”………………………………………………95 3 APPENDIX Module I Present Indefinite and Present Continuous…………………………………100 Articles A/an - The Indefinite Article …………………………………………………101 The - Definite Article …………………………………………………………102 The Zero Article ……………………………………………………………....103 The Use of Articles with the Names of Months, Days, Seasons, Meals, Languages, Some Nouns (day, night, evening, morning, etc.) ……………..105 The Use of Articles with the Nouns School/College, Hospital, Bed, etc. …..106 The Use of Articles with Names of Persons …………………………………107 Nouns Plural form ……………………………………………………………108 Many/much, few/a few, little/ a little ………………………………………...109 Module II The Past Continuous and Past Indefinite (Simple) …………………………110 Types of questions …………………………………………………………….111 Degrees of Comparison ……………………………………………………….112 Module III Present Perfect ………………………………………………………………..114 Present Perfect Continuous ………………………………………………….114 Past Perfect ……………………………………………………………………115 Past Perfect Continuous………………………………………………………115 Modal Verbs…………………………………………………………………...116 Module IV Future Indefinite ……………………………………………………………...118 Future Continuous………………………………………………………….....118 Future Perfect……………………………………………………………….....119 Future Perfect Continuous……………………………………………………119 The Sequence of Tenses. Indirect Speech…………………………………....120 Irregular Verbs ……………………………………………………………….122 4 Module I Variant I 1. Rewrite the text and translate it into your native language. Перепишите текст и переведите его на родной язык. Перепишіть текст і перекладіть його рідною мовою. ECONOMIC SITUATION IN UKRAINE To describe the economic situation in Ukraine let's begin with its foreign economic relations. After its departure from the former USSR Ukraine took an independent way of economic development. It means that our country can regulate its internal and foreign trade. Deep political, social and economic transformations are taking place in Ukraine. Our country is going over to а market economy. Now it has only а primitive market sector in the form of cooperatives, joint ventures, joint - stock companies, leaseholders. The transition to а market economy is burdened by many circumstances: the slow process of privatization of state property, inconvertibility of national currency, low competitiveness of our goods in foreign markets, shortage of hard currency, the production slump, hyperinflation, and others. Our foreign experience is rather modest. We need highly qualified specialists in marketing and management, in organization of foreign economic activity. Ukraine is establishing new foreign ties with many countries. Among them are neighbour - countries - Russia, Hungary, Poland, countries with а high percentage of Ukrainian citizens - Canada, Australia, Argentina and countries that are crucial for Ukraine's economy (for instance, oil - producing Iran and Kuwait), as well as special - interest states, like the Vatican and Israel. Barter arrangements (exchanges) may provide solution of different problems. For example, Ukraine cannot survive without oil and gas. In its turn, Iran needs steel, cement and chemical industry products. It is not а secret that Ukraine is short of hard currency now. According to some experts it can export manganese ore, steel, iron ore, sulphur, electrical and radio technology. Yet, many branches of industry are in need of urgent technological reconstruction. It goes without saying, while dealing with foreign partners national interests should be taken into consideration. It is evident now that the interest of foreign businessmen in significant investments in Ukraine's economy has recently grown. Free economic zones are supposed to be set up in our country. It means that free customs and а favourable regime of foreign economic activity should be set up in these regions. There is an opinion that one must not expect "an economic miracle". It is essential now to elaborate new laws and mechanism on entrepreneurship and foreign economic relations. 5 Learn new words Запомните новые слова Запам’ятайте нові слова Departure from – вихiд із To go over to – приєднатися до, перейти до Joint - stock company – акціонерне товариство Leaseholder – орендатор, наймач To be burdened by – бути обтяженим Inconvertibility – неконвертованість Shortage – нестача Slump – різке падіння, економічна криза Modest – скромний, стриманий Crucial – вирiшуючий Interest – важливість, значення Arrangement – угода To be short of – не діставати Regime – режим Customs free – безмитний Miracle – диво It goes without saying – звичайно Exercises Упражнения Вправи 1. Answer the following questions. Ответьте на вопросы. Дайте відповіді на наступні запитання. 1. When did Ukraine take an independent way of economic development? 2. What does an independent way of economic development mean? 3. Are deep political, social and economic transformations taking place in Ukraine? 4. What is our country going over to? 5. What circumstances is the transition to a market economy burdened by? 6. What specialists do we need in marketing and management? 7. What countries is Ukraine establishing new foreign ties with? 8. Why is Ukraine establishing foreign ties with Canada, Australia and Argentina? 9. Without what cannot Ukraine survive? 10. What can Ukraine export? 11. What has recently grown? 12. What can you say about free zones? 6 2. Arrange these words in the right word order. Поставте слова в правильный порядок. Поставте слова у правильному порядку. 1. Are, goods of, in, this company, you, interested. 2. He terms, want to, with him, we, of delivery of our equipment, we, discuss. 3. A discount, you, for а large order, can, us, give? 4. Heavy, at this price, we, with orders, are. 5. A 2% discount, we, offer, you, can. 6. You, can, our delivery terms, accept? 3. Find the synonyms to the following words. Найдите синонимы к данным словам. Знайдіть синоніми до поданих слів. 1. leaseholder 2. inconvertibility 3. shortage 4. slump 5. modest 6. crucial 7. interest 8. arrangement 9. regime 10.customs free 4. Read the following passage and choose where to insert these sentences. Прочитайте следующую статью, выберите куда вставить эти предложения. Прочитайте наступну статтю та оберіть, куди вставити ці речення. a) Magazines such as Fortune and Business Week were all mocking him. b) But it is true that Jobs was still losing money. In the early 1990s he was going bankrupt at an alarming rate. c) Pixar Animation Inc. was also bleeding cash fast. d) His two businesses, Next (a company firm) and Pixar (a computer animation company), were rapidly going bankrupt. Entrepreneurs can go through long periods of bad luck and fall on hard times. Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple, is one of these people. Since enjoying tremendous success in the 1980s he spent 11 years of humiliating failure. After he was sacked by Apple, he lost millions of dollars by selling his shares at the wrong time. ………….. . Next had spent $180 million of its shareholders’ money and had nothing to show it. ……….. . For five years, the criticism from the business press was universal and deafening. ………….. . Then a writer called Randall Stross published a book called Steve Jobs and the Next Big Thing which accused him, among other things, of fostering false opinions on successes that didn’t exist and having no financial 7 know-how. It was a humiliating attack. …………. . By 1995 he had lost $ 200m out of a fortune of $300m. Now all that is behind him. Pixar now makes animated movies in partnership with Disney. Toy Story was the third-highest earning animation of all time and the launch of the iMac was a huge success. We haven’t heard the last of Mr. Jobs. 5. Match the columns making word-combinations: Подберите колонки, составляя словосочетания: Підберіть колонки, складаючи словосполучення: economic economy deep interests taking experience foreign place industry competitiveness market products hard currency national political low qualified highly situation 6. Translate from into English. Переведите на английский. Перекладіть англійською мовою. 1) Я упевненій, що впровадження нових технологій приведе до створення додаткових робочих місць в промисловості і сільському господарстві. 2) Ця компанія об'єднує виробництво (сільськогосподарській продукції) з її обробкою і продажем, об'єднуючи в собі торгівлю, промисловість і сільське господарство. 3) Історія – це результат (продукт) взаємодії суспільних і економічних чинників. 4) Долар був сильною валютою. Зараз головною валютою в Європі стала євро. 5) На ці товари немає попиту. 6) Банки створюють гроші і ссужівают їх під відсотки. 7) Нова цільова позика на будівництво залізниці. 8 7. Test. Тест. Тест. 1. Circle the correct tense. Обведите правильное время. Підкресліть правильний час. 1. Please be quiet. I...............to concentrate. a) tries b) am trying c) tried d) try e) have tried 2. If you need money, why................? a) is you don't get a job b) don't you get a job c) aren't you getting a job 3. Next week he................on business trip to the USA. a) go b) is going to go c) is going d) goes 4. George is on the ladder because he ……………… the ceiling. a) was painting b) paints c) is painting d) painted e) has painted 5. The phone …………someone ………….. to talk to you. a) rings b) is ringing a) wants b) is wanting c) is wants 2. Open the brackets using Present Indefinite or Present Continuous. Раскройте скобки, употребляя Present Indefinite или Present Continuous. Розкрийте дужки, використовуючи Present Indefinite чи Present Continuous. 1. The kettle (to boil). Can you turn it off? a) The kettle is boiling. Can you turn it off? b) The kettle boils. Can you turn it off? c) The kettle boil. Can you turn it off? d) The kettle boiling. Can you turn it off? 2. Please be quiet! I (to work). a) Please be quiet! I is working. b) Please be quiet! I work. c) Please be quiet! I am working. d) Please be quiet! I am working. 3. I (not to watch) TV very often. a) I does not watch TV very often. b) I am not watching TV very often. c) I not watch TV very often. d) I do not to watch TV very often. 4. I (to be tired), I (to want) to go home. a) I be tired. I wanting to go home. b) I am tired, I want to go home. c) I am tired. I am wanting to go home. d) I is tired. I am want to go home. 9 5. I (to have) dinner now. a) I am having dinner now. b) I is have dinner now. c) I have dinner now. d) I having dinner now. 3. Put in the right article or -. Поставьте правильный артикль или -. Поставте правильний артикль чи -. 1. There is ………….. bridge over ………. river. a) There is the bridge over a river. b) There is a bridge over the river. c) There is the bridge over a river. d) There is - bridge over the river. 2. Yesterday I spoke to ….. man who had just returned from …… Amazon River. a) Yesterday I spoke to the man who had just returned from - Amazon River. b) Yesterday I spoke to a man who had just returned from an Amazon River. с)Yesterday I spoke to a man who had just returned from the Amazon River. d) Yesterday I spoke to the man who had just returned from the Amazon River. 3. They bought …….table. …………… table is made of oak. a) They bought an table. A table is made of oak. b) They bought a table. The table is made of oak. c) They bought - table. The table is made of oak. d) They bought the table. The table is made of oak. 4. I go to ………………. dentist four times ……………….… year. a) I go to the dentist four times a year. b) I go to - dentist four times the year. c) I go to a dentist four times a year. d) I go to - dentist four times a year. 5. ……… weather was so fine that we decided to have ……… swim. a) The weather was so fine that we decided to have swim. b) - eather was so fine that we decided to have - swim. c) The weather was so fine that we decided to have a swim. d) A weather was so fine that we decided to have a swim. 4. Make plural of the following words. Сделайте множественное число из следующих слов. Зробіть множину з наступних слів. 1. Child - a) children, b) childs, c) childrens,d) child. 2. Money - a) moneys, b) money, c) monies, d) moneye. 3. Meat – a) meates, b) meats, c) meat, d) meatts. 4. Mouse - a) mouses, b) mice, c) mouse, d) mices. 5. Trousers – a) trousers, b) trouser, c) trouserses, d) trouseries. 6. Lady-bird – a) ladies-bird, b) lady-birds, c) ladies-birds, d) ladys-bird. 10