ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN ALBANIA

83 Pages·1998·0.25 MB·English

by  Martha Muco

7991 -M5A9 R9PG1IOHRSPW OLLALUEDFI VOITDANNI
ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN ALBANIA: POLITICAL
CONSTRAINTS AND MENTALITY BARRIERS
yb
MARTA MUÇO
(ALBANIA)
June, 1997
2
ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN ALBANIA: POLITICAL
CONSTRAINTS AND MENTALITY BARRIERS
..a,rctODorÇsaUsM MA.forP
noi tcciemSonoc eno orfscoraeMpriahC
scim ot nnfoeocmEtrapeD
ssenisuB&sc iymt olfnuooccaEF
AI N ,AyaBt nLifaAsorrieTvinU
. l5e5T3 +2247742
.xa F55)3e+m o2h4(02362
liam-E [email protected]
sihT yduts si edam elbissop yb eht suoren etgroppus fo eht eciffO fonoitamrofnI
dna sserP ta htroN citnaltA ytaerT noitazinagrO hguorht eht OTANlaudividnI
pihswolleF ,margorP .7991-5991 straP fo ti ni eht ylrae snoisrev evah neeb
dehsilbup gnirud eht krow sa selcitra ro detneserp ta suoiravlanoitanretni
secnerefnoc sa .srepap ehT rohtua si yrev lufetarg ot lla srefeer dnastnassucsid
taht depleh reh ot ezilanif eht .yduts ehT snoinipo ni siht yduts tcelfer eht
.en oyltailibisnop s r eeesrrhrao rerlebis s down peasi’vrohtua
3
stnet nefoloCbaT
noitcudortnI
retpahC :1 ehT tsilaicoS A-ycageL laeR elcatsbO ot nainablA cimonocE
mrofeR
1.1. .noitazilart nceiCmo n lofe coveEehLT
1.2. .snoitat nleairruotsciuMrtS
.ecnal albamnIr eldtanxnaEr e.et3hn.TI1
r:e2tpahC anio ninatibalmArof scniamr oTg nno iceoEhgTnO
.1. 2l aliatciintI iclsi onmdPooninatoicdenoorCcaM
no i,tn ao.zi2it.la 2azdrinelabiibLatS eht ssennepO fo ehtyrtnuoC
tn edm ny, aon eltorhpeiotmktbEraaazLMi t.a3v.i2rP
.4.2 msrnoofi e tdRfunotai tesh ntl.IamgeetLsyS
.5.2 nrettaP fo htworG gnirud noitisnarT dna srotcaF tahtdluoc
.raoi in nvahi abtyhlwceAonBreGg reenmiE m-artestoePd
.6.2 sisirC fo :7991-6991 ytixelpmoC fo snosaeR susrevelpmiS
.s elsaoiocLnaniF
retpahC :3 lacitiloP stniartsnoC dna ytilatneM sreirraB ot eht nainablA
mrof ecRimonocE
.1.3 tahW sekaM ainablA tnereffiD dna ralimiS ot rehtOlartneC
.seir tnnaue opnCor redutnEsaaE
.2.3 ehT weN eloR fo scitiloP ni eht cimonocE :efiL lacitiloP
.stniartsnoC
.3.3 dlO dna . yswtreieNliartrnaeBM
skram egRnidulcn od CnyarammuS
References
4
noitcudortnI
gniwolloF eht gib segnahc ni lartneC dna nretsaE ,eporuEcimonoce
t snnleoem id petodforamnolumaetr vea os tehrgfinndtens eetinhtrilatfelariofetwfdid
aera .seirtnuoc tA eht testuo ynam dradnats mrofer segakcap erew dessucsid
em i.Tstni oypn a nmrialim ies rsaled ormie htta hdtetpec cyaled isw a t wsiyalevisnetxe
sessap rof siht trap fo eht dlrow dna hcae fo eht seirtnuoc sah ydaer ldaehsilbatsesti
nwo htap dna ecap fo cimonoce .mrofer edisgnolA htiw seitiralimis yrtnuoc
stsimonoc eeciton a tol fo .secne rserfefcindavdA dna ssel srecnavda dluoc ebylisae
.d eezmiintgnoaceeMr a gniw otrnguoma f eogrnuitsasruect s ieislhdetgnella hfcoeht
nwonknu dna cifice psshtap fo c inmoointoicsena rstah n e.egbnirae ptpsaoM fo ,tini
lareneg ro rof cificeps ,sesac nettirw yb evitan stsimonoce ro rehto,slanoisseforp
.noitau t einfhsootitanal p dxgnenaidnatsre d ensohuetttubirtnoc
ainablA si ylsuoivbo eno fo eht tsom euqinu sesac ni nretsaEeporuE
ton ylno rof sti ezis dna noitacol tub osla rof sti ycagel ni eht ctinmeomnpoocleeved
dna ynam rehto seitirailucep sa .llew tuohtiW gniyned seitiralimis htiw rehto-xe
, staesiiinrnatubnm lumsAoo accdheusr uspti ya wnoidt ra famcowrioomtfosnnoacret
a tekra m.yylmeotnaoncuetr oyfrneUv elttil sah neeb dehsilbu ptuoba .ainablAylnO
emos swe elsfcrie thnfrcaoari an (ea,sboe lkr,Ahos ça)uP.Mct edna osla swtepfmetta
yb emos naeporuE seugaelloc ( ,reztynhcS ,resaK ,sgnihctuH grebojS ).cte erani
.noitalucric tneceR snoitacilbup yb ,FMI dlroW knaB dna DRBE era gnillif pueht
.at afkdoc allautriv
aesininoa b,leApo rnurEetsaeh t ,unaoilsusni nneaP k dleneahitBtacoL
fss on et oe cscdi h nreintltd.iud t aaaen olynenrtonson ehuiiaeathttrgrmItaeeunhrani
citair deA h ntyortnu olcla mssi httf esltne vleacitil odp ncairots i.Hnoitida rdt nearutluc
tsaoc rof 005 sraey rednu eht namottO ,eripmE hcihw did ton etalumittnsempoleved
.dyntair erpestofrAp eht dnoce SdlroW raW ti denioj eh tn atespionruu,mEkmcooclb
dewollof yb 54 sraey fo citarcotua elur dna ylemertx edetalosi-fles .ycilopainablA
gni ny nm nio e yigndhtteontee bcakiacerciaotms a er tt c d haeooeagehmtrirteefcdtne
fo .s0991 retfA flah edaced fo mrofer ti thgim eb oot ylrae ot mriffa taht yrevegniht
saw enod ni eht thgir yaw hostilb aethste wes ne ti .ethyklgmruuoaconmihoftcfleiAd
degrem emo rnf anioniatbaluAt idsna ereht era llits yn admev l,ossen uuasisniablAsi
,epor unEi oosjtecna he chl tls aad hnnaoitamrofsna rctirots ishi hndtievlov nyilsuoires
.ytinumm occimono ceediwdlr oew hetromrehtr udf n,asgnol e tbhici howt
gnikaT ni noitaredisnoc ynam ,srotcaf lanretni dna ,lanretxe dna
gnira pmmeohct ht isrwnaoliitmiids nnoic em on s r,nesateesiparoEtrnu uEtoicsmees
taht eht gnitelpmoc fo eht ksat thgim deen llits emos .emit ainablA htiw stillarevo
engo ai tttdnniinaerdacse nehtoroc pnekam a pmuj ni a y rt er.voehm smieetnlOborp
5
ot eb dessucsid ereh ,si gnisoohc eht tsewol tsoc fo ,noitamrofsnart woh,citegrene
. edblu oscseco rspi htts ad fnlaacidar
genhitzy lmarn oacfiemro nnoacien atebnhl etAs s koeyetr depsusithsT
tnerruc noitautis dna eht gnorts ecneulfni morf eht .tsap ehT segatnavda dna
s alle ws a,ledo mst if oscificep sdn aseitiralimi seh t,ainabl Af osegatnavdasid ,lacitilop
lanoitutitsni dna ytilatnemstniartsnoc are discussed, too.
ehT tsrif retpahc fo eht repap stnet ot ezylana eht tsilaicos ycagel dna laitini
seirtn utoscinummoc -rxee h eetfhso o torohattli m,its s eamh potdreftire hsnnioitidnoc
ni nretsaE .eporuE ehT level fo ,noitazilartnec larutcurts snoitatneirosim dna
.ylfeir bdezylan aer aecnalabm icimonoceorcam
ehT dnocesretpahc senimaxe eht tsrif sraey fo eht nainabl Acimonoce ,mrofereht
noitamrofsn acritmon orceeil re.ahseTsec os srifephomtoc tyul oredsahneetaitluciffid
dewoll o yfnb omiatr age zohtirtalphitba tss adhe t nneeecemnbei ls2p9m9i1 wohseht
citarco me wetaedan e dornntcoaital ogs ni sontloidn ayobrtatn uso icefhcotn alhacer
yte idcno asse i atri ol e fih.l w btybtegriwmae nnesoonkaitsrnirvfogoaalaPctmoessus
emos tsop ycnegreme seussi era osla .dessucsid lacitiloP dna cimonoce snosaertaht
.dezyl ann eaee vbsaihs i7r9c91-6 9t9n1e csfetor o eodethrlbatuoc
ehT driht retpahc skees ot thgilhgih emos tnatropmi stcepsa fo eht nainablA
cimonoce ytilaer taht sekam sti noitamrofsnart .tnereffid derapmoC htiw rehto
seirtnuoc taht dereffus eht emas ,ycagel ainablA dah eht tsom tluciffid laitini
.dezisahp mee rsatniartsn oyctilatn edm nlaacitil oepm o.Ssnoitidnoc
6
ret1pahC
THE SOCIALIST LEGACY-A REAL OBSTACLE TO ALBANIAN
ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION .
litnU eht gninnigeb fo ,1991 rof erom naht ytrof ,sraey ainablAsaw
debircsed tuohguorht eht erutaretil sa eht tseroop yrtnuoc ni ,eporuE revewohyrev
elttil sah neeb deh sginlibnurpecnoc eht ,yrtnuoc htiw a egnarts dna emertxneoitisop
fo .noitalosi-f lhegsuohtlA htiw a ,tsilaico sdezilartnec ,ymonoce ainablA rofynam
sraey retfa ,0691 did ton ees flesti sa a trap fo eht lartneC dna tsaEnaeporuE
tsinumm o.cseirtnuoc ehT lautriv kcal fo atad dna sti euqinu lacitilop dnacimonoce
ygetarts edam ti suoiretsym rof ngierof srehcraeser dna .srevresbo ehT digir
dtg esnle liieshinrdocauuohi vmdmth5e mw4rsoprca e ayniin yas lbadtlwecAsiarbts
e c ci yi ttg mtcsono sailondirnoonxpiecarldeaaiMtS 1 ,reztynhcS.A( ,2891 ,)2991htiw
emos secnereffid ylfeihc detneiro sdrawot a erom xodohtro ledom detpada oteht
la isceecpnsatsmucric fo eht ezis fo eht ,yrtnuoc sti lacitil o,pseciohc emoslarutcurts
.)a19 9,1greboj St(nempolev ecdimono c feloev esl tdi nsanoitaived
retfA eht espalloc fo msinummoc ni eht rehto nretsaE naeporuE
seirtnuoc stneve dehsup yrev ylkciuq rof ,ainablA gnidael ot eht niart fo,noitisnart
.sdn io kwfntoe eebv asheitluciff ie dh.Tht atpluciff iy dr heagvuor hgtnissap tsriF , the
la c, ic s dtid mlnimes eaalovselionlerbcpoocooocvomrsen rpirpo rsasleil moitsesoht
dnuof ni rehto remrof naeporuE tsinummoc .seirtnuoc Second , sti nwocificeps
smelborp tes ainablA trapa morf eht tser ecnis ti llits dereffus esrevid lanretnidna
lanretxe .skcohs eW lliw nruter ot siht dnoces cipot ni rehto snoitces fo ehtrepap
.noig ee r hfstoeirtnu orceh te ohhtt iswecnereff ie dhetzisahp menewehw
nI taht dnik fo ,noitautis erehw a tnirpeulb rof eht ksat saw tonraelc
dna tnaveler ,seitluciffid htob nommoc dna cificeps erew ot eb ,decaf ,ainablAeht
tsellams dna spahrep eht tsom lanigiro yrtnuoc ni eht ytinummoc fo ehtremrof
der e,tenme itedgshlentor italg oarvaelr udpaoepr prs e e,tadsfieawimo ndoncaemmoc
r - eex,hkegtinolinn i.mytegnoruheoreBtbifvt iss snyf eal oncrleiotahrctpitsaisuhtne
:smelbo r fpsodn ieker hdtec a tf,iseirtnu otcsilaicos

1 ehT tsin icliamto Sneoccietcar psmees ot eb tnereffi dmorf e hcti f"imtsnieliacisc "otsaht dengisedyb
Lenin and proceeded after the death of Stalin to other East European countries. After the break with
AEMC seirtnuoc ni ainablA,1691 dezicitirc rieht "tsinoisiver" yaw fo msilaicos rof ynam,sraey
pretending to be guardians of clean and safe Marxist and Stalinist ideology, applying an extreme
xodohtro .ecitcarp laiciffO roivaheb dna lanois ssenfooirtpacilbup erew rednu ereves ,lortnocgnireffus
rehgih snoitcirtser ni redro rof siht edutitta ot eb .detcelfer roF cimonoce stcepsa fo siht ecitcarpees
r2e9z9t1y,n2h 8cd9Sn1a rloaf csittcielposp aee sjareb.i0B991
7
tsriF , retfa erom naht 04 sraey fo a dna mymmoocno ceereht si akcal
fo snoitutitsni dna eht metsys fo sevi tenteacinriporppa ot a lacipyt tekram.ymonoce
er ogfneirterha Ttmsorf eehvtit ctl,unaeda nrocdourinitpfatci uundtrgnitiatsssnipeed
segnahc no flaheb fo siht mia er a. d,eyrli sunu qooreiiertvhabgzOiihl idbnaats-trohs
.noitisn asr itghnti rruud cscto stoncemtsu jmdraet
Second , ylgnorts detcennoc htiw esoht ,stsoc tnatropmi lacitilop
ymono csemelborp era .gnigreme ehT snoitarbiv fo eht lacitil ompetsys eragnitceffa
eht llarevo mrofer dna ;asrev-eciv siht sdnet ot etarelecca eht lacit i.lyotpilibatsninI
siht ,tnemnorivne htiw lacorpicer ,ecneulfni eht niam regnad sniamer eht
.noisul edd nyatniatrec nrueht aersu ahcci hswerusaem-fl a fhnooitatnemelpmi
drihT , ereht si ton yna nevig ledom ro yna tnedecerp morf hcihwot
evired lluf .snossel ylniatreC ereht era emos laitrap seitiralimis nekat morf eht
y r l oealf ;yt cn aodt asenid clinwih egacirfa htohihitoeodtrmiwntnooleaenobbopce
dnuof 2 .
nI redro ot nialpxe eht sreirrab fo eht ;snoitisnart tel ekam aevitcepsorter 3gniyfi ssalc
:ts atpsinumm oec h fteorutcur tcsimono cde leo h ytdbetireh nsimelbo rnpiam
.noitazila rct in. lme1ee oC.hvfn1TeooLcE
gniruD eht 54 sraey fo tsinummoc elur ainablA dah emoceb ayrev
ylsuorogi rdezilartnec .ymonoce lartneC gninalp dah yllautriv decalper lla smroffo
.tsemksr iannmiahhtcieWm eht txetnoc f oraey -,esvniaflp ll ac ismnooniosciecedno
,noitcudorp ,gnicirp egaw ,gnittes tnemtsevni dna lanretxe edart erew,dezilartnec
gnikam-noi s, ir.celeia dt my- Ailrnnl ue ia seoesmrenhfwe erattgenelenlewpbaighhcw
dhe cwsy nor bda lel nrgltiha Bnosctfeifini ohtnuwdtrioeaMCttu sty ihstcasrwnaireih
noi ts. aasscmwe eirslem oi ltodf reAtnnnepvioait rimca,etmetstuosencCieerxtEsiniM
yl t,dcyeiltrlrtaoscpie trdrneav eh tnois igcneidk armetnec saw eht. sleairttinreochtua
ehT erutl usceivrigtaarepooc dah a llams eerged fo tnemeganam-fles ni smret foeht

2 It is true that the standard stabilization package used by international institutions in other cases, as
in Latin America, Africa, Korea, Turkey etc., to avoid hyperinflation and other macro imbalances, as
well as privatization, is mostly the same. There are a lot of excellent studies which tend to analyze and
ekat egatnavda morf rehto ediwdlrow ,secneirepxe sa obroC ,1991 leugiK dna nataiviL ,1991
Blanshard, Dornbusch, Krugman, Layard and Summer 1991, Edwards 1992 etc. Some of them, as
Blanshard et al., 1991 and Krueger 1992, have argued that the initial conditions in Eastern Europe
are not so different as to require a drastically different approach from other stabilization and
gnirutcurtser .secneirepxe tuohtiW yna tbuod eht snossel fo eht tsap smrofer era lufesu tub ehttrohs
yrotsih fo noitisnart swohs osla ynam.seitirailucep
3 A y lllaucfits ittraotpser no naina bylmAonoce ecnis 2991 si eht kro wdetneserp yb :FMI rejelB ta.la
1992,"Albania from isolation toward reform."
8
tiforp erahs derrefsnart ot eht tegdub dna egaw ,ycilop tub eht nalp tegrat sawosla
.yroslupmoc
ehT cimonoce srotacidni fo eht etats sesirpretne erew desopmi ybeht
etatS gninnalP noissimmoC dna detcerid yb hcnarB ro rotces ,seirtsiniM gnitratsyb
lacisyhp seititnauq fo hcae tinu fo .noitcudorp hguohtlA a noissucsid fo eht,stegrat
s aswseco rspi h,teca lkpo o)teci replaselo hswem iyttitnau qe(ul a nvdi nlaacisy hhptob
y leldaammrof 4 . ehT sthgir fo eht sesirpretne no robal ytilibom erew oslayletelpmoc
.detcirtser ehT tnemyolpme erutcurts dna eht rebmun fo srekrow erew llew,denifed
dna a yllartn edcenimreted egaw dnuf saw .desu stupnI erew deilppus niecnadrocca
htiw eht lartnec nalp elih wtnemtsevni dna tropm isnoisiced erew edam yb eht,etats
.teg deutb adnteistcel fyelrsuorogir
0 9 y 9gle1nnr-i Oe5rew 8ums9 dot1ks peaemzedeiwatlmta arottneced
gnik aimr-anzoyijsGi (c,e9d891 ajnaB .)0991 retfA g nsonloissucs iddnsanoitatiseh 5 ,
ni esnopser ot a ralupop tnetnocsid ni ecaf fo eht eruliaf fo eht llarevo ,metsyseht
pihsredae lfo eht yrtnuoc evag eht neerg thgil rof segnah cailA( ,099 1inacra.C)0991
eroM ,yltnedive ni ,0991 a wen" cimonoce "msinahcem saw .detpoda emoStsedom
cimonoceo rscmirmofer erew ,edam taht erew dednetni ot ezilartneced dnaezilarebil
sesirpret ne e hfttonemegan aemht 6ecnalab moirc asmuoi r fseaonsoitidn oe chrted n.U
dna a kcal fo ecirp ,ytilibixelf rehtar naht lacidar ,segnahc esehtserusaem-flah
detavargga eht laicn a,nniofitau tginsitaerc a gib noitrotsid no eht ylppus esnopserfo
eht ,ymonoce gnidael ot na noitatneiro fo eht 'sesirpretne stiforp drawot stropmisa
sgrne i fecoshutn.t dateerehrtgtdub
.2.1 lar.ustncouirttaStneirosiM
ecnnial ao brlmcaianmr eethnTi gn isafn0i o sn9nenai9ahiwg1btelbA
se i.dy ceelf nct poe seio cehneitoenieTi cccrhi mdrtriataeoosufrmhnfaofptopsecnei
tneiciffeni noitcudorp detsisnoc fo eht larutcurts snoitatneirosim fo eht nainablA
.ycag eclimonoce
) i ehT ytreporperutcurts fo eht nain aybmloAnoce rof 54 sraey dednetot
gninia m leslr0a 6 e9efh1lotd d ei.pohmpUttihsre newto adytebstani m,omdrof ienbu

4 nI 5691 ni redro ot esaercni sevitnecni gnoma eht srekrow a erom citarcomed noissucsid fo ehtdaorb
plan targets was introduced. Holding the right to approve all enterprise propositions, the final
decision-making power remained centralized until the new law on enterprises approved in May 1990.
5 E.Lhomel (1990) pointed out that until the end of '89 no visible change had yet taken place.
,revewoH gnoma tnereffid slevel fo ,tnemnrevog gnidulcni eht pot ,seno sralohcs dna slautcelletnieht
egamad fo eht tnecer repyh noitazilartnec saw ylediw detpecca dna ,dezisahpme yllaicepse ni
agriculture (Banja, Hilmia, Koli 1988 and Konini 1989)
6 :eeS jgiL" rep ,"tejramredn emelborP ,ekimonokE itiv 73 ,)8( ,3.52-02pp
9
smrof fo etav icrip msoeniotcievit chatob ni yrtsudni dna n ierutluci regraewdecuder
n od i ehtfytt uo6laiet7l nwh i9ao sitwt1ut. smesdmselNna uicuoramhocCgiTrnpim 7 ,
hc idhewzilage leht tpecnoc fo a tsi l"ayimcoonso "cdeesab no eht et aptishsrenwofo
slmarf moognifnenivitemib i ,hldoanrrapultlu cginrigda u,lnconii t scln ulafdaeoomrp
et ayvtirrepporp ro e t.ayvtiirvpi tyclanO 002 erauq sret esmnedrag dna daenifed-wal
rebmun fo ,kcotsevil sa tnasaep ytreporp ot etavitluc rieht nwo noitpmusnoc,sdoog
erew .dettimrep yB 2891 siht lanosrepytreporp 8 saw decuder niaga yb eht ssecorpfo
yl lea hc y ttiglnatnpoesipiman sut rofasa,doezk ricecvo heitntdts icedaevemlicllroocf
eht .tekram retfA emos lufsseccu ssntunemirepxe ni 7891-5891 htiw edagirb""stolp
:d eneeadsa( g"aisirdl brA,"e)h7891 ni yluJ ,0991 ti sa wdediced ot w osltlnaasaepot
esiar rieht etavirp stolp dna ot refsnart emos fo eht evitarepooc kcotsevil otrieht
.srebmem nI a despalloc ,ymonoce rehtegot htiw rehto serusaem-flah nicimonoce
,ycilop siht dewohs eht gninnigeb fo eht dipar ssecorp fo nwodkaerb fo ehtdlo
property structure.
e v oesbhe atdi s, e"ble d ocmi "mon oncaei n a ebefl lhopAtic n idrr pie)hhitTi
noit a n zdorinielatvacor e t,jfn peoeeircthas vrsi earnnwpowio teahz tiflloaaneodiitan
ecnailer-fles sa a niam noitatneiro fo cimonoce .ycilop ,ainablA a yrtnuoc htiw2.3
,s tnn oedi dnl8ial4si7em,r 8.2qs .mk aer a dseaswop g poneu ticsthustdoyomrrlepave
nd.o eeintl tiat ea lseccf oahiiosscTtlticp i-ape frahnlptaegso lesw" er agniog otdliub
msil ahitciows ruo n w"osecr otfon ylno edam sih tl e,deoumqi ntuub osla naemertxe
cimonoce yhcratua saw .detpoda sA a tluser a noitatneirosim fo eht cimonoce
erutcurts fo eht nainablA ymonoce .deraeppa ehT emertxe noitacifisrevid fo
noitcudorp , gnirong il aenh otniotiasnirveitdni fo robal dna lla sdnik feovitarapmoc
,segatnavda deilppa ot a yrev roop lacigolonhcet ecnamrofrep 9 and to a weak
lanoitidart lairtsudni tnempoleved ,dnuorgkcab def a etelpmoc .ycneiciffenisihT
h ,tdcysneige sedheceh eamnw trvtfovwye(lauewotiotlroioslutshrnpfsecgemratexe
desoppus ot eb eno fo eht niam sksat fo eht )metsys tub hguorht n atneiciffe neisufo
,me ht tugonhitriuwsa ed mnganir a,pym toei chvstietcciurdpo rdpna .stsoc ehTevoba
,cigr u, l ghls ncaasiutarseumtcaf ulnaaimrts udrl dae lynevsagiroaepwts alratrsutcurts
,gnireenigne ,lacimehc ,.cte dna saw etiuq yrassecennu rof hcus a llams yrtnuocsa

7 :eeS ehT "no iwteuNti tfsonoC RSP f o"ai naanbalrAi.T7791
8 "lanosreP" si eht lausu ygolonimret yllaiciffo desu yb nainablA erutaretil rof s'tnasaep.stolp
yllaci tseirhotehT saw tdoenr eedti asyvntiorrc epepsourapceb eht dnal saw ton denwo yb ehtstnasaep
tub ylno desu yb .meht stI stcudorp erew deredisnoc rof lanosrep sdeen dna gnilles meht ni aeerf
market was not permitted. Every resultant surplus production was to be managed by state channels.
9 tA eht dne fo dlroW raW II ainablA saw detneserp sa erutlucirga detneiro ymonoce htiwyllacitcarp
no modern industrial production. After 1945 the industrial development took priority, but the
ygolonhcet nevig ot ainablA tsrif yb teivoS noinU dna neht yb anihC saw eht tsedlo dnaylluf
depreciated. Later on the financial imbalances, investment shortages and the extreme isolation made
.ygolonh cnegtie r wosoefstne c ycenalabissopmi
10
.ainablA ehT mia saw ot teem eht citse mdondamed rof eraps strap dna tupni,ylppus
.detcirt see rrsetwro pemliihw
) i i i sA ni rehto tsaE naeporuE ,seirtnuoc eht nainablA cimonoceerutcurts
saw ylgnorts detneiro .sndoriatwaozti lganiirntnsiugdenBi morf a yrev wol esabeht
erahs fo leahi trrtostucdensi ni 0d9e 9ty1nlueo tcracomafi x5o4 rtpnpeacrep foPMN
dna dedivorp tnemyolpme rof tuoba 32 tnecrep fo eht gnikrow .noitalupolpairtsudnI
htworg debrosba 24 tnecrep fo ssorg .tnemtsevni nI eht 5 sraey ,snalp eht ygetartsfo
lairt stundenmipo ldeevzeidsahpme eht ytiroirp fo yvaehyrtsudni , gnipeekrehgih
htworg setar htiw eht drusba esneterp fo gnirotser cimono c.eecnednepednhiguohtlA
pu ot eht elddim fo s07' ti s adwetsiss ayb ng ile ar,tosifwpoalcf neiht yvyarethsudni
.ytila uw qod lnsats orcehg it,hasdradna tlsanoitanret nmio rr fas fa)pwAuorg(
tpecxE yrtoifcirt cdenla elnaorietnciumdorp 10 ,htc nidahacwhi faingis
noitubi ro tt,nsotcro psxieh tycilop saw osl ar edhetrairpsn iy bc iymhocnroacteudana
esfhnotoitrot sliadrutcu r e tth.sutyBcneici fcfiemon onc aerhet hstnoos alearcigoloedi
hc i,hswesirpre tlnaeirtsu dnn ii ea.hmeTrut cliapisrevor te n daoyacmmon oncaeinablA
erew tropxe ,detneiro dedivorp 57 tnecrep fo eht s'yrtnuoc latot .b.o.f stropxe taeht
dne fo eht ,s08' nehw rieht erahs ni eht ssorg lairtsudni tuptuo saw ssel naht62
.tnecrep nI 0991 gnirutcafunam detnuocca rof 57 tnecrep fo eht ssorglairtsudni
,tuptuo tub ti derevoc ylno 31 tnecrep fo s'yrtnuoc latot ,stropxe ro 32 tnecrep foeht
.b.o.f tropxe morf eht el olhawirtsurdontices 11 . nI redro ot peek hcus seirtsudn,ievila
eht drah ycnerruc dedivorp yb gninim dna ygrene stropxe saw dewollaws pu ybeht
rtenhetio csirfoftecneis fo yv a,eyhrtsudni s,,acl ia,gclriaunclailhmacete,hem.cmcte
gnirevoc rieht sdeen rof war slairetam dna .ygolonhcet ecneH ssel noitnetta otdoof
dna thgil seirtsudni saw .diap nehW eht seitilibissop fo eht nainablA ymonoceot
trop p e lud hyase ntlisy epravrdrteaerasretu huchfbnsd eawnedoih dthktaieawrnbihC
ni ,8791 siht rotces rehtegot htiw eht elohw lairtsudni noitcudorp dereffus atneuqerf
.enilced
)vi sediseB siht roop larutcurts tnempoleved fo yrtsudni a eguh
noitartnecnoc dna noitazilartnec fo noitcudorp koot ,ecalp dna tnacifingis
tnemeganam ssimmelborp .derrucco ehT lanretni lairtsudni tekram saw delur ybeht
citsilopon ormoivaheb fo egral ,elacs deffatsrevo stinu sa "stanibmoc" ro gib.stnalp
.erutlucir g nadietsi xneoitaut iesm aeshT

10 Albania contains a wide range of natural resources particularly metals and minerals including
chromium, copper, iron\nickel, coal\lignite, bauxite, etc. Due to geographical conditions Albania has
.re wcoiprtceleor d ryyohtfica pdoa oscaolga
11 :ecru olSacitsit aktoSobraeY fo ,ainablA ,1991 .pp.792-692