Economic Protectionism

395 Pages·1916·15.131 MB·English

by  Josef Grunzel, Eugen Philippovich von Philippsberg (ed.)

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('16) 288-5939-Fo.

ECONOMIC PROTECTIONISM
BY
JOSEF GRUNZEL
PRINTED IN ENGLAND
AT THE OZFOBD VMITEBSITY PRESS
Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace
DIVISION OF ECONOMICS AND HISTOBY
John Bates Clark, Diiector
ECONOMIC
PEOTECTIONISM
By JOSEF GRUNZEL
EDITED BY
EUGEN VON PHILIPPOVICH
PEOfXSSOR OF TOUTICAt ECONOMT IH THE 1NIVIBSIIT Or VIEMKA
OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
:
London, Edinburgh, New York, Toronto, Melbourne and Bombay
HUMPHREY MILFORD
191G

INTRODUCTORY NOTE BY THE
DIRECTOR
The DiviHion of Economics and History of the Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace in organized to * promote
a thorough and rfcientific investigation of the causes and
results of war '. In accordance with this purposea conference
of eminent statesmen, publicists, and economists was held in
Berne, Switzerland, in August 1911, at which a plan of
investigation was formed and an extensive list of topics was
prepared. The programme of that Conference is presented
in detail in an Appendix. It will be seen that an elaborate
series of investigations has been undertaken, and the result-
ing reports may in due time be expected in printed form.
Of works so prepared, some will aim to reveal direct and
indirect consequences of warfare, and thus to furnish a basis
for a judgement as to the reasonableness of the resort to t.
If the evils are in reality larger and the benefits smaller tuan
in the common view they appear to be, such studies should
furnish convincing evidence of this fact and afford a basis
for an enlightened policy whenever there is danger of inter-
national conflicts.
Studies of the causes of warfare will reveal, in particular,
those economic influences which in timeof peace bring about
clashinginterestsand mutual suspicion and hostility. They
will,it is believed,showwhat policies,as adopted bydifferent
nations, will reduce the conflicts of interest, inure to the
common benefit, and afford a basis for international confi-
dence and good will. They will further serve to reveal the
natural economic influences which of themselves bringabout
more and more harmonious relations and tend to substitute
general benefits for the mutual injuries that follow imintel-
-I ligent self-seeking. Ek:onomic internationalism needs to be
fortified by the mutual trust that just dealing creates but
;