Economic Crisis, Civil Society, and Democratization: The Case of Zambia PDF
Preview Economic Crisis, Civil Society, and Democratization: The Case of Zambia
ECONOMIC CRISIS, SOCIETY, CIVIL AND DEMOCRATIZATION: THE CASE OF ZAMBIA Julius O. Ihonvbere WPl Digitized by the Internet Archive 2012 in http://archive.org/details/economiccrisisciOOjuli tk6 13? ECONOMIC CRISIS, CIVIL SOCIETY, AND DEMOCRATIZATION THE CASE OF ZAMBIA Julius O. Ihonvbere woh^ 1-i.Vt.. «AWI !«ANOISCO,CAM1« ECONOMIC CRISIS, CIVIL SOCIETY, AND DEMOCRATIZATION THE CASE OF ZAMBIA :,:*:.; .,-:.,.,.:,<-..<..,.,:,,,,,:..:»:. JlJUUS O. iHONVBERE Africa World Press, Inc. P.O. Box 1892 P.O. Box48 Trenton, NJ 08607 Asmara, ERITREA Africa World Press, Inc. P.O.Box1892 ff^^mn P.O.Box48 ^K' Trenton,NJ08607 Asmara,ERITREA Copyright © 1996 Julius O. Ihonvbere First Printing 1996 All rights reserved. No partofthispublication maybe reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem ortransmitted inanyformorbyany meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recordingorotherwisewithoutthepriorwritten permissionofthepublisher. Cover&Bookdesign: JonathanGullery LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publication Data Ihonvbere,Julius Omozuanvbo. Economiccrisis, civilsociety, and democratization: thecaseof Zambia/Julius O. Ihonvbere. p. cm. Includesbibliographical referencesand index. ISBN0-86543-500-6 (cloth). - ISBN0-86543-501-4 (pbk.) 1. Zambia—Economicpolicy. 2. Zambia-Economicconditions-1964- 3. Democracy—Zambia. 4. Privatization-Zambia. 5. Non -governmental organizations—Zambia. 6. Zambia-Politicsand government—1964- I. Title. HC915.I37 1996 338.96894-dc20 96-12534 CIP Contents Dedication ix Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations xv The Democratic Upsurge in Africa: Another False Start Or a Second Liberation? 1 The African Crisis: Perspectives and Interpretations 4 The Contradictions and Limitations ofPolitical Liberalization: Some Theoretical Issues 11 The Challenges ofDemocracy/ Democratization in Africa 18 Economic Liberalization and Democratization in Africa 20 Evaluating the Democratization Process 23 The Neocolonial State and Democratization 28 The Limits ofElections as Democracy 33 The Military and the Democratization Process 36 Independence, Economic Crisis, andAuthoritarianism in Zambia 47 The Postcolonial State and the Consolidation of the Bureaucratic Bourgeoisie 50 The State and Economic Decay in Zambia 58 Early Calls forMultiparty Democracy 62 Intensifying the Struggle for Democracy: The Working Class Takes on the State 71 Economic Deterioration and the Further Delegitimization of the State 77 Palliatives and Propaganda: Kaunda and the New Economic Recovery Programme 84 Striving for Some Lost Ground: Political Reorganization and Concessions to the Opposition 90 Conclusion 93 3. Civil Society and Democratization in Zambia 103 Opposition Mounts: The Hour Has Come 103 The Rise ofthe MMD as a Political Force in Zambia 106 TheMMD: The Road toVictory and Power 117 Beyond KK: The Politics ofElection Monitoring in Zambia 126 4. From Movement to Government: The Rise and MMD Consolidation ofthe Regime 147 The Dawn ofa New Era: The MMD in Power 147 The MMD Agenda for Economic Recovery in Zambia 152 The First Two Years in Power, 1992-1993: An Evaluation ofthe MMD's Economic Record 157 1992: The New Economic Recovery Programme 159 1993 and Beyond: Still No Recovery in Sight 163 5. New Politics, New Challenges, and New Contradictions in Zambia 169 ReachingOut to Zambians: Adjusting to New Realities 172 Power Struggles at the Provincial Levels 177 Corruption andAccountability Under the MMD 184 A Crisis ofPerformance and Popular Challenges to MMD Power 190 Religion and Economic Recovery in MMD Zambia: The Merger ofChurch and State 196 DealingWith Donors in a Condition ofWeakness 202 Expanding the Political Terrain: The Emergence ofOpposition Forces 205 . 6. UNIP MakesAnother Bid For Power: The Crisis ofDemocratic Consolidation in Zambia 219 The "Zero Option" Episode: Stretching the Limits ofZambian Democracy 224 The State Responds to the Opposition: Nipping the Zero Option Plan in the Bud 234 The State ofEmergency Debate: Western Double Standards? 237 Conclusion 245 7. The Future ofDemocracy and Civil Societyin Africa .251 . . . Trends in Reform Politics and the Democratization Process 253 The Limits ofthe Prodemocracy Movements in Africa 265 StrengtheningCivil Society in Africa: Constraints and Possibilities 270 Select Bibliography 291 Index 331
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