Economic and Financial Crime: Corruption, shadow economy, and money laundering PDF
Preview Economic and Financial Crime: Corruption, shadow economy, and money laundering
Studies of Organized Crime 20 Monica Violeta Achim Sorin Nicolae Borlea Economic and Financial Crime Corruption, shadow economy, and money laundering Studies of Organized Crime Series Editor Dina Siegel Willem Pompe Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands This series will publish theoretically significant books in two primary areas. One is the political economy of organized crime and criminality whether at the transnational, national, regional or local levels (focus on financial crime, political corruption, environmental crime and the expropriation of resources from developing nations). The other is human rights violations particularly in Third World countries. Manuscripts that cover either historical or contemporary issues of the above, utilizing qualitative methodologies, are equally welcome. In addition, we are particularly interested in publishing the work of sophisticated junior scholars. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6564 Monica Violeta Achim • Sorin Nicolae Borlea Economic and Financial Crime Corruption, shadow economy, and money laundering Monica Violeta Achim Sorin Nicolae Borlea Faculty of Economics and Business Faculty of Economics Administration University of Oradea Babes-Bolyai University Oradea, Romania Cluj-Napoca, Romania Faculty of Economics, Informatics and Engineering ‘Vasile Goldis’ Western University of Arad Arad, Romania ISSN 1571-5493 Studies of Organized Crime ISBN 978-3-030-51779-3 ISBN 978-3-030-51780-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51780-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface The present book deals with economic and financial crime issues regarding its most spread forms of our days – corruption, shadow economy and money laundering. The approaches throughout the book focus on both the theoretical and practical sides of the investigation of causes leading to the committing of such blameable acts and to the identification of their effects on the economic, social and political life as well as of the measures to prevent, fight against and investigate them. Unlike other researches in the field, this book brings a significant added value by means of a structured presentation of the main important economic and financial crimes (corruption, shadow economy and money laundering) in the light of causes and effects produced, with knowledge of the state of the art, but also with empirical studies carried out by the authors within some of their own researches. Also, the causal approaches from the perspective of economic, political, social and cultural determinants represent an important added value brought to the present literature researches. The comparisons, discussions and critical analysis of economic and financial types of crime committed at the international level increase the additional value of this book. This book is addressed to large categories of users represented by researchers and business experts, but is also addressed to decision-making authorities at national and international level, who, in this way, will know the causes and effects of these economic and financial crimes and will finally adopt the best solutions to fight against such blameable acts. This book gathers the vast existing economic and financial crime literature within a condensed work, providing an extremely useful database and research themes to develop advanced research studies destined to researchers in the field of economic and financial crime. Thus, the core audience of this book are most likely academic scholars, students and researchers in law and social sciences (economics, sociology, criminology, political science and economic psychology), and experts working in political insti- tutions (ministries of finance, international organizations, e.g. OECD). v vi Preface We are aware that the theme approached through the present book is very com- plex and generous; therefore, we fully assume the limitations of the current research work. With gratitude in advance, we remain open to any opinion, comment or criticism from the readers regarding improvement of the judgements used as well as of the book as a whole. Cluj-Napoca, Romania Monica Violeta Achim Arad, Romania Sorin Nicolae Borlea A valuable, accessible and up-to-date resource for academic scholars in economics, political science and criminology, sociology and economic psychology and for experts in political institutions dealing with financial crime, corruption, money laundering, shadow economy, and tax avoidance. – Prof. Dr Erich Kirchler, University of Vienna Financial and economic crimes especially in periods of crises are dangerous chal- lenges of democratic systems. The authors address important issues of a modern economic system in their book. This book offers a broad variety of analysis from a scientific and practical standpoint. – Maximilian Edelbacher, University of Vienna Acknowledgements Warm and special thanks to Professor Ilie Parpucea, PhD, for providing useful suggestions in the area of statistics and economics during our hard work over many years in the field of economic and financial crime research. Special thanks to PhD Candidate Delia Dragomir, PhD Candidate Camelia Catana, PhD Candidate Narcisa Bodescu and authorized person Alexandra Pescariu for supervising the translation of our book. vii About This Book The book titled Economic and financial crime: Corruption, Shadow Economy and Money Laundering. Causes, effects and solutions. Theoretical and practical approaches” is structured on four chapters as follows: The Chap. 1 entitled “Economic and Financial Crime: Theoretical and Methodological Approaches” presents historical issues, concepts, forms of eco- nomic and financial crime and their showing up areas as well as the highlighting of their characteristic features (volume, intensity, direction and frequency). Then, this first chapter reveals the concepts of corruption, shadow economy, tax avoidance and money laundering and presents the measuring instruments of corruption, shadow economy and money laundering as well as the some case studies. The Chap. 2 entitled “Determining Economic and Political Factors of Economic Crime” presents the main economic and political causes of such acts, resulting in the reviewing of the specialized literature. Some of these important causes we iden- tified are: the level of the economic development, the tax pressure, the pubic gover- nance, the corporate governance and soundness of the banking system. Based on the specialized literature review, for each of these causes, the conceptual issues includ- ing the practical ways of measurement as well as the influence of these factors on the level of corruption, shadow economy and money laundering have been high- lighted. Also we have documented with our own empirical studies the influences of these variables on economic and financial crime, adding a significant value to this work. The Chap. 3 entitled “Determining Behaviour Factors of the Economic and Financial Crime” is focused to behaviour factors which determine and influence the economic and financial crimes. Among these factors, particular attention is paid to cultural factors, religion, tax morale, trust (focussing on the trust in the state) and happiness condition (subjective well-being) of individuals. For each of these fac- tors, there are theoretical approaches including definitions of concepts as well as practical ways of measuring these variables, indicating some possible databases ix x About This Book available worldwide. Additionally, the chapter brings documentation from the spe- cialized literature about the existence of some causality relations between behavioural factors and economic and financial crimes as well as our own empirical studies. The final chapter entitled “Effects of Economic and Financial Crimes: Ways of Fighting Against” emphasizes the effects of such economic and financial crimes at economic, financial social and political levels. The presentations summarize the main types of effects of the economic and financial crimes based on a large review of the specialized literature. In order to fight against these crimes, this chapter also reveal the international bodies and initiatives to prevent, fight against and investi- gate the economic and financial crime. Finally, short allegations are made about using judicial expertise as specific technical method used to investigate economic and financial crime.
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