ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MAIZE PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGICAL

79 Pages·2016·0.67 MB·English

by  Akash Dubey

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MAIZE PRODUCTION
UNDER DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGICAL STATUS OF
FARMS IN ALIRAJPUR DISTRICT OF MADHYA
PRADESH

THESIS

Submitted to the
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE
In
AGRICULTURE

(AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND FARM MANAGEMENT)

by

Ramesh Rawat

Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior
R.A.K. College of Agriculture
Sehore (M.P.)
2015
CERTIFICATE-I

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Economic analysis of maize
production under different technological status of farms in Alirajpur
district of Madhya Pradesh” submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE/DOCTOR OF
PHILOSOPHY in Agriculture Economics & Farm Management of Rajmata
Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior is a record of the bona-
fide research work carried out by Mr. Ramesh Rawat under my guidance
and supervision. The subject of the thesis has been approved by the student’s
Advisory Committee and the Director of Instruction.
No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or
diploma or has been published. All the assistance and help received during
the course of this investigation has been acknowledged by scholar.

Signature
Place:
Date: ( Dr.S.N.Soni )
Chairman of the Advisory
Committee
MEMBERS OF STUDENT’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE

(Chairman) Dr. S.N.Soni ………………………...

(Member) Dr.P.K.Malviya
………………………...

(Member) Dr. S.N.Sharma ………………………...
CERTIFICATE-II

This is to certify that thesis entitled “Economic analysis of maize
production under different technological status of farms in Alirajpur
district of Madhya Pradesh” submitted by Mr. Ramesh Rawat to the
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in
Agriculture in the Department of Agriculture Economics & Farm
Management has been accepted after evaluation by the External Examiner
and approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee after an Oral examination
on the same.

Place: Signature

Date: (Dr. S.N.Soni)
Chairman of the Advisory
Committee

MEMBER OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE

(Chairman) Dr. S.N.Soni ………………………...

(Member) Dr.P.K.Malviya ………………………...

(Member) Dr. S.N.Sharma ………………………...

Head of the Department: ………………………………………………………

Dean of the collage:.……………………………………………………………

Director of Instructions: ………………………………………………………
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to Almighty God for giving me this opportunity to express my
heartfelt gratitude to all the dedicated people whose support and kind co-
operation encouraged me during the course of investigation. I avail this
opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide and Chairman
of the Advisory Committee, Dr.S.N.Soni, Head of Department, Department of
Agricultural Economics for his inspiring guidance, untiring interest, immense
labour, thought provoking comments, constructive criticism, constant
encouragement and generous help throughout the course of investigation and
the course of writing this manuscript.
I am deeply obliged to all the members of my Advisory Committee,
namely, Dr.P.K.Malviya, Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and
Farm Management and Dr.S.N.Sharma, Professor, Department Extension
Education, R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore. I also express my deep
sense of gratitude to Dr.P.S.Raghuwanshi, Professor, Department of
Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, Sehore for their valuable
guidance.
I am also thankful to Dr.A.K.Singh Hon'ble Vice Chancellor, RVSKVV,
Gwalior, Dr. R.L. Rajput, Director of Instruction, RVSKVV, Gwalior and
Dr.(Smt)S.B.Tambi, Dean R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore for providing
me the necessary facilities during the studies.
I feel short of words to express my gratitude to my parents Shri.Saajan
Singh Rawat, Mother Smt.Karam Bai Rawat, Sisters Rinki and Versha and
Brothers Prathviraj Rawat for their utmost co-operation, love and
encouragement during the course of this work. I am also thankful to Friend
Rajesh, Nitesh, Amar, Jiten, Savan, Mahesh, Gyansingh, Rajni, Pratibha.
Last, but not least, my grateful thanks are due to all the respondents for
the study and staff of R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore of their co-
operation during thesis work.
Place : Sehore
Date : / / (Ramesh Rawat)
CONTENTS

S.NO. TITLE PAGES

1 INTRODUCTION 1 - 6

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 7 - 14

3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 15 - 21

4 RESULTS 22 - 46

5 DISCUSSION 47 - 50

6 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 51 - 58

7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 59 - 61

APPENDIX I i - iv

VITA
LIST OF TABLES
S.No Title Page.No.
Distribution of maize growers according to their age
4.1 23
and education
Distribution of maize growers according to size of
4.2 24
family and work force
Land utilization and irrigation pattern of sample maize
4.3 26
growers
4.4 Fixed assets of sample maize growers 27
Technological status at farm level of maize
4.5 28
production
4.6 Average yield of maize under different situation 33
Magnitude of yield gap in maize production with
4.7 34
different level of technological status
Input utilization patterns in maize production by
4.8 35
different technological status
Cost of cultivation of maize in different level of
4.9 37
technology
Returns and profitability of maize production through
4.10 38
different technological status
Production constraints identified by maize growers
4.11 40
for existing yield gap
Suggestion confronted by maize growers for
4.12 45
increasing production
LIST OF FIGURE
S.No Title Page.No.
4.1 Distribution of the respondents according to their age 23-24
Distribution of the respondents according to their
4.2 23-24
Education
Distribution of maize growers according to size of
4.3 24-25
family
4.4 Distribution of maize growers according to work force 24-25
Land utilization and irrigation pattern of sample
4.5 26-27
cotton growers
CHAPTER - I
INTRODUCTION
Agriculture in India is the major source of sustaining life for majority of
its population by providing them food, which is one of the basic needs for
human existence. It produces goods for more than 125 crores of the people
living in rural and urban areas and provides the much needed raw materials to
agro industries and processing industries which are the backbone of the
Indian economy. The steady modernization of agriculture has been sustaining
the inputs industries. In the field of employment it is still the principal provider
of labour oriented employment to the teeming millions in rural areas. It may be
mentioned that more than half of the population of India still relies on
agriculture as its principal source of income.
Agriculture is the main sectors which produce the food materials for
men and animal also. Food is a more basic need of men than shelter and
clothing which is also agriculture produce. Hence, it is called that man’s basic
drives is for food to satisfy his hunger, shelter and clothing for safety getting
from agricultural sector. Due to increasing demand of food material in India
the concentration was given higher for cereal production in the beginning of
green revolution time. India in sixties was dependent on imports of food
products to feed its teaming millions. The demand for food grains in India is
increasing rapidly, because of population growth and rising income. At the
time the major challenge to the scientific community in India was to increase
the food grain production not only to provide adequate foods to its ever
increasing population but also to create surplus for export to stimulate its over
all growth. The green revolution provided technological advancement for
higher production and increased the productivity of food grains particularly
cereals. Cereal supply the bulk of the food consume by the human race. They
are the cheapest source of food energy and constitute a high percentage of
the calories and protein intake of man. The main cereals crops include rice,
wheat, corn (maize), barley and jowar etc.
Maize (Zea mays L.) occupies a pride place among the coarse cereal
crops in India as well as in Madhya Pradesh. It is commonly called “Queen of
coarse cereals”. The importance of maize is due to its wide diversity of use.
Apart from its use as a food grain for human consumption, it is being used for
manufacturing industrial products like starch, syrup, alcohol, acetic and lactic
acids, glucose, paper, rayon, plastic, textile, adhesive, dyes, synthetic rubber,
etc. In addition, it is also used as an important feed and fodder for animals.
In India, the major maize growing states are: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
Karnataka, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. The crop occupies fourth
position in total food grain production of the country next only to rice, wheat
and sorghum with an area of the more than 80.00 lakh hectare and total
production of more than 150.00 lakh tonnes in the year 2011-12.
Total maize production and maize yield per unit area in India has been
affected by many different factors. Among the most important are total planted
area and productivity. There is limited scope for expanding cultivated land
under maize production since unused land is diminishing or is of marginal
quality or just unsuitable for maize production. Producing higher maize yields
on existing cultivated land is therefore, the surest way of generating the extra
maize grain required to feed the nation. To achieve this goal, a number of
remedial activities must be put in place. Increased productivity is an essential
component of a vibrant agricultural sector, improved post-harvest
management practices including proper handling and processing is essential
to ensure high quantity and quality products reach to the consumers. Too
often, even when the yields are high, producers lose income due to poor post
harvest management practices.
In nut shell, it can be say that the low maize productivity statistics give
sense urgency to our efforts to increase the production available supply of
maize as a food grain. There are two general ways which can increase the
supply of maize without increasing the area under maize i.e. by increasing the
productivity of maize per unit of area by adoption of improved production
technology and or by reducing the post production losses through adoption of
post harvest management practices. For increasing production and
productivity, the combination of more intensive schedules and yield attributing
technologies are employed on maize production farms, which showed
importance the adoption of improved maize production technology at the farm
level.
Keeping the view of importance of technology in agricultural
development most extension services are actively engaged in promoting new
technologies with farmers. Resources are invested in various extension
activities, such as field days or demonstrations, and the extension service
may undergo considerable reorganization, such as with the training and visit
(T&V) system. But only infrequently are resources reserved for monitoring the
outcome of these extension efforts and using the analysis to understand why
some recommendations or extension techniques are more successful than
others. For those farmers who have not adopted, do they find disadvantages
with the new practice and improved technology is the practice too far removed
from farmers' knowledge base, or has the extension methodology not been
effective in acquainting these farmers with the new technique? There are
several reasons to invest in studying the adoption of agricultural technology.
These include improving the efficiency of technology generation, assessing
the effectiveness of technology transfer, understanding the role of policy in the
adoption of new technology, and demonstrating the impact of investing in
technology generation.
Several studies revealed that if the benefits of the new technology are
largely expressed as increased yield, the first step is to estimate yield
changes due to adoption of different level of technology, its called yield gap.
Yield gap refers to the difference between the potential yield (yield on
progressive farms) and actual farm yield (realized on the general farmers’
filed). These facts nevertheless, signify the broad scope for increasing the
crop yields through proper application of inputs at the recommended levels
and better management practices.
Once the yield difference has been estimated, it is possible to calculate
a value of increased yield and calculate the total value of increased
production resulting from adoption of improved technology in crop production
in the study area. It may also be important to obtain an estimate of the
increased income for farmers who have adopted the new technology. Such an
estimate will require good data on the variable costs of the technology.
Estimates of the benefits of a new technology should be balanced against
possible costs implied by changes in other parts of the farming system. The
long-term sustainability of a new practice may also need to be examined
when considering costs and benefits.