Ecology without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics PDF
Preview Ecology without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics
ECOLOGY Ecolowgiyt hoNuatt ure � RETHINKINGE NVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS TIMOTHY MORTON ! I , I f i ! HARVARD UNIVERSITYP RESS 2007 CambridMgaes,s achusaentdtL so,n doEnn, gland I Copyri©g 2h0t0 7b yt hPer esiadnedFn etll owosfH arvaCrodl lege FoKra te Alrli ghrtess erved Prinitnet dhU en itSetda toefAs m erica ISBN-91738:- 0-674-02434-2 ISBN-0l-06:7 4-02434-6 TheC ataloging-inD-aPtuaabr laeiv caaitlfiarobonltm eh Lei broafrC yo ngress. Epighrt aopC hapt1e," rT ot hRee adebry,D "e niLseev erftroovm, Poem1s9 60-1967, ©c o1p96y1rb iyDg ehnti Lseev erRteopvr.i nbtye d permisosfNi eownD irectPiuobnlsi sChoirnpPg.o ,l liLnigmeirta enddt, h e proprietor. PinFkl oy"dG,r antchMeesatdeorw Usl,1"1 l11a(guElM1I119,m6 a9 W).o rdasn d MusibcyR ogeWra te©r sC.o pyri1g97h0t( Renewaend1d)9 80L upuMsu sic Co.L tdL.o,n doEnn,g land. TRO-HHaomupsPseuh bilries ChoirnpNg.e ,w Yorkc,o ntraolpllus b licraitgihfotontsr h Ue. S.aAn.dC anadUas.e bdy Permission. Acknowledgments Writinbgo ohtkah osif st ceanl tloem idn adp recapriicotouufsr e walkaicnrgao m sisfin eelwdit ahb oueqtou ff leorwdser,s sientd h e costoufma ec l owFno.tr h owsheoe nucroagmeead c roIhs asv,e nothintgh asbnD:uka vti Cdl rakG,r eDgo bbinMsa,r gaFrreegtun s,o KatFel iDnetn,Gi isgea Gnetoef,Hf arretymK aanrJ,ea nbc soD,o gulas KahRno,b eKratmu afnA,l aLni Jua,m Ce.sM cKusDiavcikNd,or broJoekf,fR roenbysi oNni,c hRoolea,sv iSDdia mpNsiognSe,ml i th, JanSaetlb reR,o beUrntg eKrar,eW ne ismaannMd,i chZaies.lTe hre twaon onymroeuasda eprpso ibnyHt aerdv Uanridv ePrrsewisetsry e extraorednicnoaurrialDgyaiv niSgdi. m pTisonpo anr tilocwueal ar debtg roaftb ietyuodmneed ua rsfeo,yr ae rosfs uppaonrfdtr d isehn.i p Ib eneffirtoeamdD istinVgiusiisFtheielndlg o awtQs uheieMpna ry, UniveorfLs ointdywo hni le coppryoeodfirtaeinaniddgn i,dn egx,i ng. Thanikpnsa i rctutloRa irc hSacrhdoa cnPhdau lH ami.lT thoannks go tom yr eseaasrssctihaS netFtsoh,r raenCsdht r istSocbpheharewgrh, o helmpeeb da lcaen lmiyf e, awntrdei atciIhnw igon,ug l.dt ol itkhea nk altlh ose sbtoutudhne dnetrsg,r aandgdur aatdeuwsah tohe asve,ex ploarnesddh atrheedse eas sii n1dc99e8i ,n caltta hses eUsn oifv ersity Coloraantddho Ue n iveorfCs aifltoiyr Innip ara.t icIua lmga rra,t eful tom ye nt"icEroem ismi"ge srdauactleao sfSs p r2i0n40g,f ohre lping met ow ork tthor ohtuehgaeahr n tsd o utlh piorsfeo cjSte:Ft oh rrest, TimoKtrheyi DnaelrMa,al n soEurr0i',cB riFerna,n cRiesicnok ing, ChristSocphhaebDrean rigeT,hl o amsl-aGsSsba,r iTnoam K,a ren WalkaenrdC, l aVraanZ aenntA.n dI a me qaulglrya tetfomu yl viiiA ckonwledgments . "cEolowgityh Noautrt"ue c laosfSs p r2i0n0g:T6 ekBlaayb akA,n dreHwa gemLaynnL,na negmaed,R achSewli nJkuilnTi,re aa nn,d NichVoallva.os H Aatr vard UnsisLvn,ied rsWsaaiytt ehyra bssPee rne everyItw hoiuwnligds a hne dittobo er. DJonoohhnau tWee stchester BokoS ervciocoersd itnhcaeot peyde ditbitunn oglt.e aILsd atos,nt ' t Contents thitnhiked oefad arekc olwoouglyhd a vbeee np osblsweii thaol uitf e spent tloit shetete hnesirpnegla elon ftd hoCero catuTe wisn. Id editchabitoseo k tloov mmeyw,y i fKea te. tShhfieer tswota s heaarnd di sctuhiseed sa ssed to whne .r eeAvte mroym esnhtwe,a s reyaw ditahc o mmeans gtu,g esatk iionwndo,r dA.n ds hbeo roeu r daughter,s wCelesattierrsaetn, g eetvrhae errw r hiov ed. IntrtoidoTunoca:wr adT heoroyfE colloC griictaic1i sm 1 ThAer otfE nvirolnL mnaegnut:aa gCe"aItnB 'leieIIvtse tn ' Nat!ur"e2 9 2 Roamntsimac nitdh Een vironSmuebnjteaclt 79 3 ImaginEicnoglw oigtyhN oatuutr e1 40 Note2s0 7 Idnex2 39 Ecolowgiyt hoNuatt ure � INTRODUCTION Towarad T heoroyf EcologiCcrailt icism Noobdlyi kiewtsh eyno u metnhtuein ocnoo nussacn,ind wo adays, haradnlbyyo dlyi kiweths e n myeonutt ihoeenn viroYnoumr einstk. sounbdoirnoigrnj d gug meonrth ayls teorraim ciaxlto,uf r teaeh lsle . Butt heirasde e erpeearsN oobno.dl yi kiweth se n myeonutt ihoen un cosncuisno,o t becaarupeso ei nyotouisutno gm etohsbicnegtn hea t shoruelamdnih idden-thaatlt e aisste nopjyabarlNteolb.yo y dl ikiets becawuhseyeno u menitbtie ocno cmoientss, c Iino ustsa.hm ee way, wheyno mue nttihoeenn viroynombuer niitnit,gn tthofe o reground. Ino ther iwtso trodbpsens,ig t he enviIrtso tnobmpeesin Tnthg.a t ThiOnvge Trh etrheas tu rroaunnsddu tssa iunsWs.h eyno tuh ink aobuwth erew aysogtuoserey , o ur wortlosd h r.siT tnhakiirstst h se basmiecas gsoefc rittihcsaiptse mua pkf soe rn virojnsmuteinctea,l and iitts h bea smiecsg seoa ft hbioso. k Them aint hmeeo ft hbeo oiksg ivaewna iyni ttsi .tE lceology withNoauttu argreu etahstt hvee riydo efa" antu"wr heiscomh any holdde wairhl alvt eow ihtearw aiyna n" ceolioc"gas alttoefh uman socyi.Se ttraansgm eiay ts u ondt,hi ed oefan autriegs e ttiintn hge waoyf p rpoeyre lcoclaoflgro imosfc utlurpeh,i plhoyps,oot liiacnsd, arTth.be o oakd drteihspssa edrsoa bxyc onrsiiandrgeat ob vaele ll se, foirt i nai rstt h tahtfe a anstiweeh sa vaeb to uunrateta skahep e-and dissIonpl rvaitec.u tlhalerei ,art tuorfte h Reo amnctp ieriod, com monsleyae scn r ualcaliobyu ntta uritesh, te ra goefmt y i nsvteigation, sinictset iinlfll uenwcayess w ihtnih ceh e ctohleoi gmiiacngaalr y work.s 2 . Ecolowgiyt hoNuatt ure Introduc. t3i on valiidm paonrdat rnaeon ttth ,me ai npo ionftt h bioso Tkh.e igtsoo a l WhyE coloMguys tB ew ithoNuatt ure thitnhkr oaunag rhg umaebnowtuh ta tm ewaebn yt he ewnovridr on Inas tyuo dfp oiltitchaeloo rfni aetsuJ roehM,ne yaesrs tehreatcts o menitt self. logwirciatlae rprers e occwuipttihh"e eohd l gyr "ao ifgl ener"aat ing Ecolowgiyt hNoauttu dreev eiltoaspr sg umientn htr deies tinct new eannmcdpo assiwnogr ldv.li"W ehawteivtecsro nttehnvitis,e w stgae:ds escrciobnitnegx,t uaanpldoi lziitnigTc,hi fiezr issnttga i.gas en "sir egaarscd aepda obftl reao nrsnmfgih umapnol itainscdos c .i2"e ty exploroafet nivoinr onamrAetln.ot nagl bwoiostkuhshc asA ngus Foerx ampdleeeep,c olaossgeyrt thsaw ten eetdo choaunvrgi ee w FletAcN heewrT h'eso froAyrm eriPcoaentw rhyi,c h apo ofeftoeifrc ss froamn thropotcoee nctorcriei.snsT mtmh eie dat haatv iecwa n environfmoeranmnt,Sda u ls Satne wPaoretta'rnsyd Ftahtoeef t he chantghweeo rildsde erpoltoyei dnt he Ropmreainoatdsii,t sc h neo SensCehsa,p 1td eerv ealf orpevssco hba luafroyir n terepnrveitrionng tioonfw orldivtise(ewWle fl tanscChoamuiuunnpggw ) i.ta hn ew mentaarIlttm . o vbeesy otnhsdei mmpelnet oif"o nnev irotna"ml en worldmveinaesdw el aingh owwih tuhms ae nxpertiheepnailcrcei e n contentto,w atarhnidedd oefae nvironfmoerInmtst.sca olip wsei de ther lwAdoe.s thtehtpuirescf so arc mrsu rcoileaeslb,t l aiswhaiynsg of btup rseecWi.i thporuuetgdj intghr eeu sl,to srf ocuosnic negr tfaain feelainpndeg er icvtihnpigls a Icnte h.e ciorl leocfnt airiorvnaoe tns vortihmteeesh o,wd oeasrt cosnevnoesfsye p eaa c apnldea C?c hapter ecolovgaielcT,uae rlSr alet tearnfide ldS cottetal s lSt loaorbvytoi uc 1e xplhoorwue lst imeantveilryo,na mrwethn,at taeliv tteshr e matic PreesniCtdl indtoeindci'aoston fa w ilndeesarsr eianU ta"hA:t the contiehsna tm,s tbrycu enrgtf aoirpnmr aolp eorflt aineggseuI .ca on ceroenmdyde icatthinene gwn aitonmaolnm uetn[ rGanSdt acisreca sidtehlrei tecrrairtoyife c nivsimr onlmietneitrtaasltte uobl refe an ex Escael].a,.nP tr.ee sni[tdC lihnetloudnpa] c opoyf[ TeTremrpye st ampolfee n vironamretn.t al WilliaTmesst'isma]onn sdya i'hdTi,ms a ed daie frfe.n"'cS3 ael trtfileed Chap1tl earoy usat v cobaluafroyr anwaolryikznasiv nagr ioeft y anSdl owvainct d etmoo nshtorwna atrteri iavasen e ffepcotliivtei cal meidaI.h avtea ugshetv ecrlsaasloe nsk inodfls i tertahtatutar lek toolB.ut t hedierm onstarlasttoui ropnnols i tiinctasona esthetic aobusto mied oefae n viroinwnm heintctehh,st ee rhmasvp er oviend reaFlomSr.al ttearnfiSdelv loidc ,a tniiavosren tr hsedi eo ft haef fec valbulBaeut.w ayosfr edaintght ee ixntt rinwsiitachnea yltelo y ,i ts ti,va ensdc iewnhcitech,he c yaa l" lav ulatfiaromne h,a"bs l ocokre d paroaxdeasn ddi mlmeaasr,ae l waiynds a ngoeftr h emselves turning iisn " ednli"aa obuitt A.sw4 e lalsp rocdiunagr gumeecnotlso,g ical intthose p ecoirua tlio,app nr,o tjtseh cfienyid nt htee xtthsea yny azle. wreirtfsa shcioomnp eilmlai-gnelgsir tlaelayv ,i eowft hweo rld. WhaIpt r poosien stitesha tadht e ser ecaldtoiosnobegle s utsoke ede p Theismea greesul poyn a s nesoefn atuBruten .a tureg ikveienpgs one ashteeoapftd h ied eolfoogritccheaeaslct o lowgriictgaielnn ge r writtehsrepls .Ai ndi nal li tcso nfuisdilenoogg,ii nctaelnn sauitrtey , aetsIo. u tlati hneeoo farm yb ipeonett aim catse,r iwaaloyif rs eta ding ironiicmaplealdp yer so preeirlo antswhiittphh e era tahn idt lsi fe texwtista vh i etwoh ow tehnecyot dhleei atslep raocfte h eir inscrip fosrm,wh iwcohu lodf, ceo,iu nrcsleutdheai ncsdsc cieeN.na ture tiont-hieifrss ecu hat hings-ptahcee s tbhweeot rwtdehseme,na r writiitnshgea lasfc u cnotfeodr wtahyne au trgei vuests h sepl .iI n giontfsh pea gtehp,ehy siacnasdlo ceinavli roonftmh reeen atTd heirs. ReaditnhMgeo untsao ifHn omef,o erx ampJloehEn,l dwerri tes haasb earointn hgpe o etoifsc esni slioibutotyfw hiRcohm anticism aobtuh owt hnea artriovfne a tuarpep reciisca otmipolnib cyaa ted emerignte hdle a etieg htceeenntEtunhrv yi.r onamseetnhteiatsli cfsr e growaiwanrgee snosf" ihstorreiaicleasisEl t.c "olwoigtyh Noauttu re qeutnliynf,o atl w,ac yuasghitnt hiso ffm oaertrmii sa.ml systelmlaaytt tiectmaotp hteso trhicizosem plication. Chap2ts etru dthiheei ss taonirddy e oolfco ognyc ebpetlsia,en fds , Convenetcioocnraiilhts ei acvitishlmey m Iadtti iscc.eu csosleosg ical practthimacatke esu pc urroebnsstei sownistt hh e enviinra olnlm ent wreirtIset.x pleolreemsoe fen ctosl socughay sa, nm ialpsal,n, to srt he aspeocfct usl tfurroem, ewc illucdbael lnidftaore sx perinmoeinstea l weaetrIh.ti nvestviagraiotefete sic eosl oagniedc caolc,r liatnical, musiEcc.o lwoigtyh Noauttu irsoe n oef t he sfteuwdt iheasstp eak gaug.Ee colwoigtyh Noauttu droeet sa alokbu atn impallasna,tn sd, aobulto awn hdi gehn vironcmuelntitunta rhsleea met hbt,rr eeaading thwee atIhtae lrds.io s csupsescetisefi xactn ssd p ecwirfiictc eorms, thpea tphva ebdy s cuhb ooaksTs h Ger eNaetw W ildeDrenbeastse , posearnsad r t.Ii dtse tlsivneatslot l y poefis d eaaobsu t sppalceae c and whibcrho utgohgtea tv haeryroi fet thiniknse ocr-asl tlheedo rsyo and (lgoblaolc,ca ols,m otpaonrl,ei gio)n.Sacu lhei xsptlorwahtiiloen s, calelceodc mri.Ht oiwdc iitdsh ceu rreennvti ronmaernitsael,i samn d 4 Ecolowgiyt hoNuatt ure Introduc. t5i on . howd oeiastf foeucirtd eaaobsut a ratn cdu lr?teT uhicsh apatnear medieucmo,l owgriictcaialnn g npervoeperes rtlaytb hlaitsi hnst a his lyzeRso mtahnpete irci od as attwh heit chmhceo a mpeintttah laits m tuarnetd h us pacr oomvpiedalenl cdio nngs iasehtseettnitc f otbrha es is now coveeatrrhs bttehotge aa kenfe f Weocrtk.if nogr wfarrotdmh at newwo rldtvhiiaemstwe ant tsoo ccihIeaittans sy g m.ea olple ration, mometnhtbe,oo k erlaatwbeaosy su nodfe rstthadenie dlmimnaagsn d litkiep poivneadgr o mi.Mn yor eadtirnygb sest yom ptormaatthiecr padroaxfeasc einnvgi rtoanslmm.iesI nna s omewmhoarstey nthetic thacno mpriev.he ehnIos pteh abyto penaif negww e lhlo-scheonl es, mannetrh aDnav iHda rvJeuys'tNsia cteua,rn etd h Gee ograopfDh iyf theen tniarysme te smsi gphotruo uatn ddi ss.o lve fereCnhcaep,2t a ecrc ountsp ofsootmr-a Rnwwthriyic ti isn go bsessed Puttsioenmtgh cianlgNl aetduo rnae p edeasntadad lm iirftir nogm witshpe aa cnpdl aIcetem .p lmoyye sx isrteirsnceoghan t hhei stoofr y afdaor efsot rh een virownhmapetan ttr idaorefcsoht ryh fi eg uorfe consumewrhiichsham s,a belsitsthheadt feovreomnfsr eebllion WomanI.ita s p aroaxdiaccaotlfs d aisatmdiicr aStiimoondn.eBe e au aagincsotn seurmissuhmca ,se nvironpmreancttfaailulcinlesd stte, hr e vowiaros n oeft hfier tsott h eotrhitizrsea nsfoorfam cattueiaxolnl y conmseuriusmtb rella.c onBseucmaieusras i desi ms coauobruste istwionmgei nnf teot oijbesch.tE 7cso lowgiyt hNoauttue rxea mines the idteintthyce,h apctoenrtd aeitnasri edlaiendog fps sa seasig ne nviron finper ionfht o w unrhaeat bse coamt er anscepnrdienncTtihapills e . mentwarliitswithn eagrn ea rorraa,nt" "Is ,trutgosg iltehusia mt-e or booki tsseieentlsh w feo, r odfis ts su btairste lteh,i nking environmental herisnae nle fn vironment. aest.hE entviicrsonamrfetrn,olt moat wloh igfhr,op ma stkoirtatsolc h Chap3tw eorn dwehreswr eeg of rohme .rW ehakti nodfps ol itical urbcahni c,T hforrtoeomSa oun ic Yowuitthrh,e, i pnlfoaordyr esc es, ansdco itahli nmkaiinkngag,dn, d oianrgpe o ss?Ti hbbelo eomko ves consttrhiuedc etasn artoeufW. h at emertghbeeos o ikfasw r iodme r froamna sbtrdaicstc utsoas s ireoionef as t tetmopd teste rpmriene vieowft hpeo slsiitboiifee nsv ironamreatndn t carli titchies m, ciysw ehlaotur re lattiooe nnsvhiirpo namraetnn cdtu alltc uorubele d, "wideesncv"re ersoifeo cno locguilc.tTa uhlriv esei roswni blleu n ass coiaplol,i tainmciaallTs h.e chaptedri ffewexarpyelosnof tr es afroafdi idf feorfne onncnietd,ieb toyti,hnt extual itnte errmmss and takainna gr tissttaoinnced n vironimsesnIuttuea sslea. ss e vidence ofr accel,aa snsd, giefn dietnred,xe teuda lm-actrtcieabtrneiss c eapla writsecurhas sJ ohCnl aarneWd i llBialakmwe h,o m aintpaoisnied ratedr afccrelo,ama s nsgd,e nrdE.ec ocrihtahisec alis dsp me ciisaol, tioonusite dsm ainstreami sR.mCo hmaapn3tt deiercm onstthraatt es lated palcadaceemi ynpi, an br ettch aeou ftsh ieed eolboaggggaieic ta l th"eAe oliaamneb,nip"to etoiuctsli inCn headp 1t-epri cukpti hneg ilsu mbweirteMhdy. i ntietsno ot p eint tuobp r,o aidtEe.vn e na if viabtrioofna sm ateurniiavlae nrrdse ec ortdhiewnmig t hhi gfih Shakesspoenadnreoeten soa tp peexaprl itcobi e"t baloytu "g ender, deiltiy-neviitganbotlrhysee bus ej ct, acnadn nftouhtlcu losym t eo nowadwaesy tswi alnltt oa swkh aitmt i ghhatvt eod ow itghe nder. terwmista hn ectohtlma oagymy a niiftesisentbl efi wnhgoas r ael so Thtei mseh ocuolmdwe h ewne a sokfa ntye x"tWh,a dto etshs iasy presnos-inclpuedrihtnaohgps,soe ,t her wbede eisniggasns aa ntie aobutth een viro?n"Imn te hnet currewneht a vsaeil tryued aaetdion mals. cdidew hitcehx twsi blweale s king. Chap1to efrfa et rhse oernyv iorfo natmrt ehniatbstao lta hne xpli Somreae dewrisal llr yeh aadvpee ggmeead sa " psomtoedrn theo catoifio atnn adc ritriecfalleC chtaip2oto nef.rf aet rhse oretical rertis"o nw hom dtohn eowyti sthow asttheet miierI. d on obte lieve flecotnti hoitnsh ,"ed i e"ao fe nvironamrAetnn.dCt haalp 3ti easr that itnsho se urctehh iansagc orraele( fsAi .ht a ppmeondse,ir nn furtrheefrl sectTtihilio"lhsn.te oorfty h teh e"o rpiyosil ciFatalr. from dustprrioaclea esre snessu trhiednyogn ot exisItb ,le iweihvnee t her achiegvraietnleger v oef"lh tse orle"atb isctara(casttbiroanci tfsia orn themn oto).r a Il son obdteo l tiheavte envaitrra onnedmc eonctrailt i frotmh eocra)etl,th vieo lu"mires" et soh igahnehdri glheevroe fclo sn cisamre en tibrouegslId.y o b eltihetavhteem yu sbtea ddsrsecerdi ti creteEnceoslswo.ig tyh Noauttu droeesn oftl oaawtai yn tos ttrhaet o calplrye,c biescealwuyecs aer aeob utth eamn wde c araeob utth e spheeN.ro dro eist qdueistcteeo n des airnttchheee,a rstthat rolt oso k earatnhid,,ne detdh,fe u touflr ief e-ofnto hrpiamlsns e t,h usmisan nce ratdhiefrf aeswre ep nrtod c.e e havdee velalolt phteeod o lsa rnfyeot crhe edsiesrs trAuscm tusicioina.n Ecolowgriictkaielne igp nss itshtwaiten ga" mrebee deddi"nn a DavBiydr new roon,t"c eNeu calrwe eapcoonuswl idpo eu lti ofne tu.rN6ea tuirass e ru rounmdeidnigu ms sutthaaitnb se i.Don uuegtr o earitufhs ,ep dro p.e8"Ir itlvs yi taulst otf hoiran nkad c itnm ore gen thper opeorftt hireeh se ttohraeitvc o ktehised eoafa s urrounding er,wa ildteemrrs P.at riculcaamrnui sstaml e orot fp assbiuotcn ,ai nt 6 • Ecolowgiyt hoNuatt ure Introduc. t7i on bceomseh ortsTihgrehae tcetdi.or neasrptyoo nw isnefd a rimnts h e "irghItd .ot" h inks ctihewanotcu bele dn ferfiotm gmrooruen idni ng UniKtiendg dfooimrn, s thaantscr eit,eob d od go wenn vironmentalistpsh iloasnotdpr hayi nmionedgos f ai nnai ldsye slvoepientd hh eu mani witthhi eed at hbaitr wdisbl elc aguhitnt hbel easod ft hwei dnmlils. ti.Be utsi ng ernaetlhs ec ienotfci usrmrised netoo lwoeg ytl oie nstsr in Yewse,n eetdoc ultaim voaertc eo mprehveineoswf"i hvmuean i"t y sicsaklelpyst ciiceapnlrt aicfiatcni mdco ert,eoi deoafns a tuwrhei)c h an"da ntrueB.e"f Iog reeat c cuosfbe endig a p ostmondiehriInl ist, septe osph laeer'btesa tainnsdgt otpht eh inpkrioncgte hsoesn o,ef thouIg huwtlop dut mhye aorntt h seel eovfet hbioso Ikit.js s u tth at I say"ionn"gt ow hat jsyuctoa um uepw itHha.va el ooakta nrye cent aitmos tawrittt hhb ea nde twh isna,gs B reocnhctsei a dr,a tthhearn editoifTo inmoe rN ewswewehki)tc ahNk aet uorneoe)ft hmeai ns ci trtyo r ettuort nh e gooldodad .y swIi sthoa dvaenccoec ritical encjueor lnsae,v emnoe rs eryit ohuasnls ctihee.nI tnti hnseat msoef thinkniomntag k,ie it pm ossMiybw loeri.ksa o buatn " ceolotgoy ecoltohgbiyos,o i kass aerchcirnigto ifact iesrmm h tohluadsbts ak c comen,oa"tob unto ecaotal loOlgn.yes hovuilediwa t s ac ornitbu fromme aninegnfgualg ewmietwnhht asit n,e sesncnea,t uirsae l l tioabnle,ai l to ng-orn,ate notg hdeee a btoep enuepbd ye nvironmental aobutth:i ngasr neto ihtda etn ttoui sc aoolur pr r efocromnecde pts. jsutiecceo cr.i.t icisIL Forre latedI h raevaaevs ooindshe,adt b uitdahsilec unssos fi oanthro Actupaolsltym,o dhearvanfe ie nswat ssst ruyp risesId oin no ts tore. poc entarniadsn mt hropomtohrapptrh eioscmmcu cuhpe yc ological thitnhkei rase" ebttwea"ryo f dtohitenh gi Ind gessb cer aiirnt istic writTihnegts.ee r amrsne o itr relBeuvttah nebtyet. gh qeue sitoonf meidaM.u ccho ntemaprotriapsrrtyai cicts i cper eodnti hciead teead whaptr ecciosuenaltsyhs u mawnh)a cto unatsns a t.uI rneasdtoe f thtahte irasbe e twtaeoyrfd o itnhgi wnigtashn, attaerunaod fca hnitc pushairnogup nrde foprimeeocdfte hso uIgh hatvc,ehs oetnoh etsaite thaptut sd owont haetrt eamsp tsslpo ehsiss etdiS.cu aptpdolswyee, atam orbea sliecvt eoll o,dm gyce r itiintc hifiess ms ubreetsw ecehn su shouallbdle l istteone ixnpge rimenmtusailrc a ntohtiehsrae n catreeigso. BeehtovePnat'sosr Saylm phoWney .s haolublle dr edainGgi lles ThroughobuotoI kr t,eh atiedsx f trsot mhR eo manpteircin oodt, Delzeeau nFde lGiuxa titnaasrdtoi efA ldLoe odpF.or lotmhp eo ionft onlbye catuhseeeyx empbltuia sfloyb ,e catuhsedeyon oatc cwoirtdh viewE coolfwo igtyh Noauttu trehes)te e xhtasvm eo rsei miltahraint ies thvea risoyunsd raonmsdey sm pttohmeasmt e rfgreot mh isp every diefrfesn.c e rioAdt. pt rheemc oimseean wtth itchhte re acjtoorfmio deesr n ecology Id o, hodwiesvteirbn,eg tuwipesosemhtno edrniassacm u,ul rtaanld weraep preiang,p ahotwtahbyeesr c apmoeis ebsl.h aIvc eal leodna ideolfoogrimc,ad leac nodns trEuccotliwooignty.h N oauttu irsie n multiotfau rdte fordmeswa ilt tthhhi aedt e ae nvoifr onemveennt ) spibryte hdwe a iyn w hidcehc onstsrecuahcreotsuiw toi,nt h ruthless whetnh niost dioonenos st t reincttnalaiytl iu nr ewt ahoyefr ainforests anbdr ainlitln itenpsoiiotnfytc ,so ntraadniddce tehipeo sni tiant ion orh umalnnugs A. b okos ob riieosnf l aylb teo s cratthsceuh r foafc e systoefm asmn eiInefgc .o locgriicthaialcad im somro ep eannh do nest thteoh unsdaosfa vialaebxlapeml eIh so.pt eh tahtoe n eIh sa vceh osen engagweimtedhne tc onstirwtuo ucltfidin oadf n r,i endt hraaannt her arree preseannttdha tathtiei vyle l,u mtihtneha etoer eextpilcoarla tion ene.mE ycolocgriictiaislct ihishenma t bo ifa ttacikginnoogrrv,i i nlgi oft hied etah eo fe nviIhr aovcnehm oetsnoedts ni.uc ss aoufEt nhors fyitnhgpi ost efnrtiiWeaanlld tB.ene rnM icaheshl atsa rbroetddhe ep glilsiht ewriattwhuh roeIma mf maialrBi:lk aeC,o lerLiedvgeer,t ov, ecolaongddye construtchsteai mobenrh u.wsH9ie tahr ,T hheeiraser . WordswoMratrShyh, e lTlheoyr,Ee dawua,Tr hdoa msT.h oumganhy indeace odn nebcettiwotenhe tenw oa,n cdo ntMrihaca eIlw si,s h agrteheta htae ryee c oloagtuihcotarhlsea ,it rt iatrunedo setis m apnlde hearttopi rloym iott.ea sJD uersrtie dxap lhaoiwdni sf feartoa nnccee dirheocwte,ev secprie,ai ltnlh cyeo ntoeftx htoest hwerri tIa edrcdseu . underalniuden sd ermliongeosc eIna tsrsiteshrmat,t r htehteo rical Ie mplavo ayr iepthyi loofst oohp ehlepr msmy a kceIai tsts eoM . a xr straotfen gaitweursri etu inndge rwmhiaontnec e o ucladel clo logocen anDde rritdhaa t aIl moowsetd beet,fqs outrah leh yav eenb aeldm et o trism. creatfer atmheeww oirtwkhhs it chhae n alpyrseoiec.sdB sut aIma lso Ecolwoigtyh Noauttu trireen sot tof osatp erarct uilfaorro mfa es indetboBt eeandmj iFnr,e ud, HLeaicdLaeangt,go Zeuirrz,,ae nkid,n theetnoijycm eantlt e;a sutn tntiohlte wehnedin,tt a kaes st aabt partitcou lHlawe,rhg oeisdee tah "eoeb fua tisfoluuh"l a bse cotmhee seewihnegt ahreftro rcmasn tbheweae ri gohfbt e icnrgi tiintc hael sinmgolseit m porntoatniitont n h beo oIku .s Teh eoAddoorr no, sentshea tr etoshftte h beo koo utslN.io no ene okfia nridtes x actly whsoew rithianassg t roonfgt,e n eecxoplloifgcliiactva olr . 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