ebook img

Ecology of Weeds and Invasive Plants: Relationship to Agriculture and Natural Resource Management PDF

475 Pages·2007·4.93 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Ecology of Weeds and Invasive Plants: Relationship to Agriculture and Natural Resource Management

ECOLOGY OF WEEDS AND INVASIVE PLANTS RELATIONSHIP TO AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Third Edition STEVEN R. RADOSEVICH OregonState University Corvallis, Oregon JODIE S. HOLT University of California Riverside, California CLAUDIO M. GHERSA University of Buenos Aires BuenosAires, Argentina ECOLOGY OF WEEDS AND INVASIVE PLANTS ECOLOGY OF WEEDS AND INVASIVE PLANTS RELATIONSHIP TO AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Third Edition STEVEN R. RADOSEVICH OregonState University Corvallis, Oregon JODIE S. HOLT University of California Riverside, California CLAUDIO M. GHERSA University of Buenos Aires BuenosAires, Argentina Copyright#2007byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved. PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinany formorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise, exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,without eitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentofthe appropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers, MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax(978)750-4470,oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.Requests tothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008, oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permission. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbest effortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttothe accuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimplied warrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedor extendedbysalesrepresentativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontained hereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhere appropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyother commercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential, orotherdamages. Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,please contactourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outside theUnitedStatesat(317)572-3993orfax(317)572-4002. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsin printmaynotbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts, visitourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com. WileyBicentennialLogo:RichardJ.Pacifico. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData: Radosevich,StevenR. Ecologyofweedsandinvasiveplants:relationshiptoagricultureandnaturalresourcemanagement/ StevenR.Radosevich,JodieS.Holt,ClaudioM.Ghersa.—3rded. p.cm. Rev.ed.of:Weedecology/StevenRadosevich,JodieHolt,ClaudioGhersa.1997. Includesindex. ISBN978-0-471-76779-4(cloth) 1. Weeds—Ecology. 2. Weeds—Control. I. Holt,JodieS. II. Ghersa,Claudio. III. Radosevich,StevenR.Weedecology. IV. Title. SB611.R332007 6320.5—dc22 2007001705 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS PREFACE xv BURDOCK byCharles Goodrich xvii INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1: Weeds and Invasive Plants 3 Weeds, 4 Definitions, 6 Agrestals, 6 Invasive Plants, 9 Terminology, 10 Classification Systems of Weeds andInvasive Plants, 11 Taxonomic Classification, 11 Classification byLife History, 13 Classification byHabitat, 14 Physiological Classification, 15 Classification According to Undesirability, 16 Ecological Classification, 16 Classification byEvolutionaryStrategy, 17 Weeds and Invasive Plants in ProductionSystems, 20 Weeds onAgricultural Land, 20 Reasons for Weed Control, 21 Weeds inManaged Forests, 24 Forest Regeneration, 25 v vi CONTENTS Weeds in Rangelands, 26 Original Vegetation and Early Land Use History of Great Basin, 28 Introduction of Cheatgrass andFire, 28 Invasive Plants in Less Managed Habitats and Wildlands, 30 Local versus Regional Perspectives about Weeds, 30 Weeds in Regional andGlobal Context, 31 Summary, 32 Chapter 2: Principles 35 Ecological Principles, 35 Interrelationshipof Biology and Environment, 35 Environment, 36 Scale, 38 Scale in Ecological Systems, 39 Scale in Human Production Systems, 43 Community Differentiation and Boundaries, 46 Community Structure, 47 Succession, 49 Mechanisms of Succession, 50 Succession inProductionSystems, 52 Niche Differentiation, 54 Invasion Process, 56 Introduction Phase, 57 Colonization Phase, 59 NaturalizationPhase, 62 Genetics of Weeds and Invasive Plants, 62 Fitness andSelection, 63 Patternsof Evolutionary Development of Weeds and Invasive Plants, 63 Plant Demographyand Population Dynamics, 67 Management Principles, 69 Assessing Risk from Weeds and Invasive Plants, 69 ManagementPrioritiesBased onRisk andValue, 71 Market-DrivenManagement Considerations, 73 Cost–Benefit Analysis, 73 Assessing Economic Risk, 74 Management Options in Relation to Invasion Process, 76 Social Principles, 77 Societal Aims versus Individual Objectives, 78 Social Conflict andResolution, 79 Precautionary Principle, 79 Weed andInvasive Plant Management in Modern Society, 80 Summary, 81 CONTENTS vii Chapter 3: Invasibilityof Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems 83 Plant Invasions over Large Geographical Areas, 84 Habitat Invasibility, 86 Community Invasibility, 87 Local Invasions, 87 Safe Sites, 88 Safe SiteExample, 89 Factors That Influence Invasibility, 89 Evolutionary History, 89 Community Structure, 90 Role of Plant Size in Species Dominance and Richness, 92 Propagule Pressure, 93 Relationship of Propagule Pressure toInvasion Process, 93 Relationship of Dispersal to PropagulePressure, 94 Relationship of Human and Animal Transportto Propagule Pressure, 94 Relationship of Seed Banks to Propagule Pressure, 95 Disturbance, 95 Disturbance and Land Use, 96 Relationship of Disturbance and Succession, 97 Relationship of Stress andDisturbance, 98 Invasibility andExotic Plant Invasiveness, 99 Summary, 101 Chapter 4: Evolution of Weeds and Invasive Plants 103 Evolutionary Genetics of Weeds and Invasive Plants, 104 Heritable Genetic Variation, 105 Hybridization and Polyploidy, 105 Epistatic Genetic Variance, 109 Epigenetic Inheritance Systems, 110 Adaptation Following Introduction, 111 Responses toEnvironmental Gradients, 112 Selection in Barnyardgrass, 112 Selection in St. Johnswort, 113 Responses toResidentPlant Species, 113 Release from Pests, Predation, and Herbivores, 114 Breeding Systems of Weeds andInvasive Plants, 114 Sexual Reproduction, 115 Self-Pollination versus Outcrossing, 115 Founder Effects, 117 Exceptions to Baker’s Rule, 117 Asexual Reproduction, 117 Advantages of Asexual Reproduction inWeeds, 118

Description:
The classic reference on weeds and invasive plants has been revised and updated.The Third Edition of this authoritative reference provides an in-depth understanding of how weeds and invasive plants develop and interact in the environment so you can manage and control them more effectively. The guide
See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.