Table Of Content

INDEX TO ECOLOGY, VOLUME 78, 1997 Author Index A Bronmark, C., 1805 Ehrenfeld, J. G., 348 Brown, J. S., 1087 Elmgren, R., 2249 Abelson, A., 160 Bruno. J. F, 2177 Elphick, M. J., 1713, 2559 Aber, J. D., 335, 1844 Burdick. D. S., 1301 Engen, S., 1341 Ackerly, D. D., 2339 Burke, 1. C.. 722, 953, 1256, 1330, 2628 English-Loeb, G., 603 Adams, D. C., 1277 Bush, J. K., 1222 Englund, G., 2316 Adams. T, 2258 Epstein, H. E., 722, 953, 2628 Aerts, R., 244 C Evans, R. D., 2238 Agrawal, A. A., 1351 Ewel, J. J., 1211 Aguiar, M. R., 93 Caldwell, M. M.. 231 Albon, S., 852 Caley, M. J., 70 F Alexander, H. M., 1230 Callaway, R. M., 1958 Anderson, M. D., 2588 Campbell, D. R., 2532 Faeth, S. H., 810, 820 Anderson, T. W., 2443 Canham, C. D., 1531 Fagan. W. F, 579 Anghera, M., 2443 Caraco, N. F, 588 Fedak, M. A., 471 Annand, E. M., 2064 Carballeira, A., 261 Fenster, C. B., 484 Antos, J. A., 621 Carrillo. V., 2204 Festa-Bianchet, M., 1019 Archer, S., 751 Carroll, G. C., 2153 Fiksen, 0., 1446 Armbruster, W. S., 1617, 1661 Caswell, H., 653, 897 Findlay, S. E. G., 588 Arnbom, T, 471 Cavitt, J. E, 2512 Fineblum, W. L., 1646 Arnott, S. E., 1 Cezilly, E, 1431 Fischer, D. T., 588 Arseneault, D., 693, 1873 Chapin, E S., Ill, 1170, 1188, 2076 Foster, B. L., 2091 Asquith, N. M., 941 Chen, C., 2326 Fowler, N. L., 1321 Augner, M., 2369 Cherel, Y., 2051 Fox, J. A., 452 Ayres, M. R, 1696 Cipollini, M. L., 782, 799 Frank, D. A., 2238 Clapham, R. J., 535 Franklin, J., 1543 B Clausen, T. R, 1696 Freckman, D. W., 363 Clauss, M. J., 941 Fry, B., 2249 Bachand, R. R., 632 Clobert, J., 394, 1284 Bajpai, A., 2258 Clutton-Brock, T, 852 G Baker-Brosh, K. F, 1250 Coffin, D. R, 722 Gaillard, J., 1019 Bakker, T. C. M., 1098 Cohen. Y.. 505 Gaines, S. D., 1990 Ball, M. C., 385 Cole, J. J., 588 Galzin, R., 547 Ballance, L. T, 1502 Conner, W. H., 370 Gannes, L. Z., 1271 Banks, J. E., 1597 Connor, E. E, 1238 Genin. A., 1062 Barlow, J., 535 Cornell, H. V., 2145 Geyer, M. A., 621 Baylis, J. R., Ill Coulson, T., 852 Giblin, A. E., 1170, 1188 Bazzaz, F. A., 2339 Cowen, R. K., 2415 Goldwasser, L., 41 Beck. M. W., 2487 Crowder, L. B., 1796 Gotelli, N. J.. 1761 Beckerman, A. R, 1388 Cuenot-Chaillet, E, 2051 Gower, S. T., 335 Benke, A. C., 1132 Currie, W. S., 1844 Grafen, A., 1312 Benrey, B., 987 Gragnani, A.. 272 Bergelson, J., 1299, 1312, 1684 D Grant, W. E., 308 Bernays, E. A., 1157 D’Antonio, C. M., 2076 Gratto-Trevor, C., 522 Berryman, A., 318 Danchin, E., 1284 Graumlich, L. J., 1199 Bert, D., 1588 Danilowicz, B. S., 1415 Graves, G. R., 2524 Bertness, M. D., 1945, 1976 de Caluwe, H., 244 Gray, A. N., 2458 Bilbrough. C. J., 231 de Jong, T. J., 2118 Green, R T, 2474 Blair, J. M., 1832, 2359 Dearing, M. D., 774 Grigal, D. F, 335 Blanchette, C. A., 1563 Degen, A. A., 2218 Gross, K. L., 2091 Blaustein, A. R., 1722, 1752 Delph, L. F, 1632 Gross, M. L.. 1424 Blums, R, 1009 Denno, R. F, 987 Gu, B., 2263 Boag, R. T, 884 Dixon, A. F. G., 2603 Guinness, F, 852 Boecklen, W. J., 2611 Djawdan, M., 828 Gurevitch, J., 1277 Boggs, C. L., 181, 192 Donovan, T. M., 2064 Bohannan, B. J. M., 2303 Dudash, M. R., 484 H Boorman, L. A., 2118 Duff, G. A., 2542 Boulinier, T, 1284 Hacker. S. D., 1990 Dupouey, J., 1588 Bowman, W. D., 1861 Haggar, J. R, 1211 Dybdahl, M. F, 452 Boyd, 1. L., 471 Halpern, C. B., 621 Bozinovic, E, 2230 Hamazaki, T., 2432 E Bradford, M. J., 442 Mammon, K. E., 810, 820 Bradley, T. J., 828 Eamus, D., 2542 Han, X., 348 Bradshaw, W. E., 969 Ebeling, A. W., 2443 Hannon. S. J,, 1914 Braun, M., 740 Eby, L. A., 1816 Hansson, S., 2249 Brisson, J., 2378 Edmunds, R. J., 2177 Hard, J. J., 969 Brody. A. K., 1624 Eeva, T., 1120 Hare, J. A., 2415 2660 INDEX TO ECOLOGY, VOLUME 78, 1997 Author Index A Bronmark, C., 1805 Ehrenfeld, J. G., 348 Brown, J. S., 1087 Elmgren, R., 2249 Abelson, A., 160 Bruno. J. F, 2177 Elphick, M. J., 1713, 2559 Aber, J. D., 335, 1844 Burdick. D. S., 1301 Engen, S., 1341 Ackerly, D. D., 2339 Burke, 1. C.. 722, 953, 1256, 1330, 2628 English-Loeb, G., 603 Adams, D. C., 1277 Bush, J. K., 1222 Englund, G., 2316 Adams. T, 2258 Epstein, H. E., 722, 953, 2628 Aerts, R., 244 C Evans, R. D., 2238 Agrawal, A. A., 1351 Ewel, J. J., 1211 Aguiar, M. R., 93 Caldwell, M. M.. 231 Albon, S., 852 Caley, M. J., 70 F Alexander, H. M., 1230 Callaway, R. M., 1958 Anderson, M. D., 2588 Campbell, D. R., 2532 Faeth, S. H., 810, 820 Anderson, T. W., 2443 Canham, C. D., 1531 Fagan. W. F, 579 Anghera, M., 2443 Caraco, N. F, 588 Fedak, M. A., 471 Annand, E. M., 2064 Carballeira, A., 261 Fenster, C. B., 484 Antos, J. A., 621 Carrillo. V., 2204 Festa-Bianchet, M., 1019 Archer, S., 751 Carroll, G. C., 2153 Fiksen, 0., 1446 Armbruster, W. S., 1617, 1661 Caswell, H., 653, 897 Findlay, S. E. G., 588 Arnbom, T, 471 Cavitt, J. E, 2512 Fineblum, W. L., 1646 Arnott, S. E., 1 Cezilly, E, 1431 Fischer, D. T., 588 Arseneault, D., 693, 1873 Chapin, E S., Ill, 1170, 1188, 2076 Foster, B. L., 2091 Asquith, N. M., 941 Chen, C., 2326 Fowler, N. L., 1321 Augner, M., 2369 Cherel, Y., 2051 Fox, J. A., 452 Ayres, M. R, 1696 Cipollini, M. L., 782, 799 Frank, D. A., 2238 Clapham, R. J., 535 Franklin, J., 1543 B Clausen, T. R, 1696 Freckman, D. W., 363 Clauss, M. J., 941 Fry, B., 2249 Bachand, R. R., 632 Clobert, J., 394, 1284 Bajpai, A., 2258 Clutton-Brock, T, 852 G Baker-Brosh, K. F, 1250 Coffin, D. R, 722 Gaillard, J., 1019 Bakker, T. C. M., 1098 Cohen. Y.. 505 Gaines, S. D., 1990 Ball, M. C., 385 Cole, J. J., 588 Galzin, R., 547 Ballance, L. T, 1502 Conner, W. H., 370 Gannes, L. Z., 1271 Banks, J. E., 1597 Connor, E. E, 1238 Genin. A., 1062 Barlow, J., 535 Cornell, H. V., 2145 Geyer, M. A., 621 Baylis, J. R., Ill Coulson, T., 852 Giblin, A. E., 1170, 1188 Bazzaz, F. A., 2339 Cowen, R. K., 2415 Goldwasser, L., 41 Beck. M. W., 2487 Crowder, L. B., 1796 Gotelli, N. J.. 1761 Beckerman, A. R, 1388 Cuenot-Chaillet, E, 2051 Gower, S. T., 335 Benke, A. C., 1132 Currie, W. S., 1844 Grafen, A., 1312 Benrey, B., 987 Gragnani, A.. 272 Bergelson, J., 1299, 1312, 1684 D Grant, W. E., 308 Bernays, E. A., 1157 D’Antonio, C. M., 2076 Gratto-Trevor, C., 522 Berryman, A., 318 Danchin, E., 1284 Graumlich, L. J., 1199 Bert, D., 1588 Danilowicz, B. S., 1415 Graves, G. R., 2524 Bertness, M. D., 1945, 1976 de Caluwe, H., 244 Gray, A. N., 2458 Bilbrough. C. J., 231 de Jong, T. J., 2118 Green, R T, 2474 Blair, J. M., 1832, 2359 Dearing, M. D., 774 Grigal, D. F, 335 Blanchette, C. A., 1563 Degen, A. A., 2218 Gross, K. L., 2091 Blaustein, A. R., 1722, 1752 Delph, L. F, 1632 Gross, M. L.. 1424 Blums, R, 1009 Denno, R. F, 987 Gu, B., 2263 Boag, R. T, 884 Dixon, A. F. G., 2603 Guinness, F, 852 Boecklen, W. J., 2611 Djawdan, M., 828 Gurevitch, J., 1277 Boggs, C. L., 181, 192 Donovan, T. M., 2064 Bohannan, B. J. M., 2303 Dudash, M. R., 484 H Boorman, L. A., 2118 Duff, G. A., 2542 Boulinier, T, 1284 Hacker. S. D., 1990 Dupouey, J., 1588 Bowman, W. D., 1861 Haggar, J. R, 1211 Dybdahl, M. F, 452 Boyd, 1. L., 471 Halpern, C. B., 621 Bozinovic, E, 2230 Hamazaki, T., 2432 E Bradford, M. J., 442 Mammon, K. E., 810, 820 Bradley, T. J., 828 Eamus, D., 2542 Han, X., 348 Bradshaw, W. E., 969 Ebeling, A. W., 2443 Hannon. S. J,, 1914 Braun, M., 740 Eby, L. A., 1816 Hansson, S., 2249 Brisson, J., 2378 Edmunds, R. J., 2177 Hard, J. J., 969 Brody. A. K., 1624 Eeva, T., 1120 Hare, J. A., 2415 2660 December 1997 AUTHOR INDEX Harlow, P. S., 1713, 2559 Kiflawi, M., 1062 Murtaugh, P. A., 1382 Harmelin-Vivien, M. L., 547 Kinkel, L. L., 1774 Myers, B. A., 2542 Harrison, S., 1898 Kinney, K. K., 215 Haukioja, E., 2105 Kirk, K. L., 434 N Hawkins, B. A., 2145 Kitzberger, T., 678 Nadelhoffer, K. J., 1170, 1188 Hechtel, L. J., 838 Kleckner, C. A., 969 Nager, R. G.. 1431 Heitschmidt, R. K., 751 Klinkhamer, P G., 2118 Nakashizuka. T, 612 Henen, B. T, 283 Klopfer, E. D., 1907 Neel, J. C., 1832 Herrera, J., 494 Kochy, M., 732 Neubert. M. G., 653 Hines, J. E., 563, 1009 Kohler, S. L., 2164 Newman, J. A., 1312 Hirose, T, 2339 Kollath, J. P, 1382 Newton, L, 1000 Hitchcock, C. L., 522 Korpimaki, E., 2043 Newton, M. R., 1774 Hobbie, J. E., 2249 Kroeger, S., 370 Nichols, J. D., 563, 1009 Hochberg, M. E., 1673, 2145 Kupferberg, S. J., 1736 Nicieza, A. G., 2385 Hoff, M. H., Ill Nisbet, R. M., 2004 Hokit, G. D., 1722 L Niu, X., 1238 Holmes, R. T, 947, 2025 Lake, P S., 2474 Nordheim, E. V., 215 Holmgren, M., 1966 Lande, R., 1341 North, M., 1543 Holt, R. D., 1673 Lankford, T. E., Jr., 1049 Holtcamp, W. N., 308 Larsson, U., 2249 O Holzapfel, C. M., 969 Lauenroth, W. K., 722, 953, 1330, 2628 Hosfield, E., 1238 O’Brien, D. M.. 1271 Laundre, J. A., 1170, 1188 Howard, D. J., 2611 O’Brien, K. M., 1388 Lawton, J. H., 1946 Hoyer, M. V., 2263 O’Dowd. D. J., 2474 Layne, C. D., 1, 21 Huckins. C. J., 2401 Olson. A. M., 621 Leavitt, S. W., 1588 Hungate, B. A., 2076 Osier, T. L., 203 Legendre, P, 547 Hunter, M. D., 977, 2267 Ostfeld, R. S., 1531 Lehikoinen, E.. 1120 Hurd, L. E., 1266 Lehtila, K., 2105 Hurd, S. D., 1884 P Lenski, R. E., 2303 Huston, M. A., 1966 Leonard, G. H., 1976 Pace. M. L., 588 Leonard, K. J., 1774 Parker, 1. M., 1457 I Levey, D. J., 782, 799 Parmelee, R. W., 348 1ms, R. A., 461 Liebhold, A. M., 320 Parsons, W. F. J., 348 Irschick, D. J., 2191 Lindroth, R. L., 215 Parton. W. J.. 1330 Ives, A. R., 1907 Link, W. A., 2632 Paruelo, J. M., 953 Lively, C. M., 452 Pascual, M., 897 J Lloyd, A. H., 1199 Pastor. J., 505 Lopez, J., 261 Payette, S., 693, 1873 Jackson, C. T, 1884 Lopez, L., 1494 Peacor, S. D., 1146 Jackson, D. A., 929 Losos, J. B., 2191 Pease, C. M., 1321 James, F C., 2635 Pechenik, J., 1262 Jarrett, J. N., 1262 M Peet, R. K., 1250 Johannsson, M. H., 1632 Pellmyr, O., 1655 Machtans, C. S., 1914 Johansson, S., 2249 Pemberton, J., 852 MacLean, S. E, Jr., 1696 Johnson, A. R., 1431 Perrins, C. M., 394, 864 Madsen, T. R. L., 1078, 1713 Jokela, J., 452 Peters. B. A. M., 1785 Mangel, M., 1351 Jones, C. G., 1946 Petersen. J. E., 2326 Manson, R. H., 1531 Jones, M , 2569 Peterson. M. A., 167 Marquis, R. J., 1356 Jones, P. W., 2064 Pettersson, L. B., 1805 Marr, D. L., 1471 Jorgenson, J. T, 1019 Pitman, R. L., 1502 Marra, P. P, 947 Joyner, J. W., 764 Pohjalainen. T, 1120 Martinez del Rio, C., 1271 Juenger, T, 1684 Polis. G. A.. 1884 Mauricio. R., 1301 Juliano, S. A.. 838 Potvin, C.. 666 Mazzi. D., 1098 Julliard. R., 394 Pradel. R., 1431 McCarthy, M. A.. 873 Jung, S. M., 215 Price. M. V., 764 McCleery, R. H.. 394 Pringle, C. M.. 2432 McCulloch. C. E., 2635 K McCune, B., 2617 R Kam, M., 2218 McKane, R B., 1170. 1188 Kapuscinski, A. R., 1424 McNeil, J. N.. 977 Raich. J. W., 707 Karban, R., 603, 1351 Meeter, D. A., 1238 Ramseier. D., 2339 Kareiva, P M., 1299, 1945 Megonigal, J. P, 370 Rastetter. E. B.. 1170. 1188 Keay, J., 1105 Melendez-Ackerman, E.. 2532 Rausher. M. D.. 1301. 1646 Kelly, J. E, 2504 Metcalfe. N. B.. 2385 Raymond, P A.. 588 Kelly, R. H., 1256 Meyran. J.. 1579 Rebertus. A. J., 6''8 Kemp, W. M.. 2326 Minkenberg, O. P. J. M., 1157 Redman. A. M.. 1696 Kendall. K. C., 1105 Moen. R., 505 Reed, D. C., 2443 Kendall, W. L.. 563 Moran, M. D., 1266 Reich. P B.. 335 Kettle, W. D., 1230 Morgan, R. A., 1087 Reichardt. P B.. 1696 Khokhlova, I. S., 2218 Muller. W. J.. 2542 Reilly. S. B.. 1502 Kiesecker. J. M., 1752 Mur. L. R.. 272 Repka. S., 2105 2662 AUTHOR INDEX Ecology, Vol. 78, No. 8 Retuerto, R., 261 Sokolowski, M. B., 419 Verhulst, S., 864 Reynolds, H. L., 2076 Solow, A. R., 2624 Viallefont, A., 1431 Reynolds, J. E, 2378 Sorci, G., 1284 Vinson, S. B., 308 Reznick, D. N., 405, 419 Spies, T. A., 2458 Virginia, R. A., 363 Rice, J. A., 1796 Squires, D. D., 1796 Vitousek, R. M., 707 Richardson, R R. K., 2588 Stamp, N. E., 203 Vitt, L. J., 2191 Riddington, R., 864 Stapp, R, 1519 Vogel, J. T, 297 Ridoux, V., 2051 Steele, M. A., 129 Rinaldi, S., 272 Stephenson, A. G., 1632 W Robbins, C. T., 1105 Sterner, R. W., 2258 Walker, L. R., 1958 Robles, C. D., 1400 Stiling, R, 1602 Wallace, J. B., 1132 Rodd, F. H., 405, 419 Stohlgren, T. J., 632 Waltz, A. M., 2133 Roden, J. S., 385 Strauss, S. Y., 1617, 1640 Waser, N. M., 2532 Rodenhouse, N. L., 2025 Strayer, D. L., 588 Weatherhead, R. J., 884 Roff, D. A., 442 Siimegi, R, 740 Weimerskirch, H., 2051 Roovers, L. M., 678 Welch, C. A., 1105 Rose, M. R., 828 T Weltzin, J. E, 751 Rosenberg, M. S., 1277 Werner, E. E., 1146 Rossi, A. M., 1602 Tanaka, H., 612 Wesselingh, R. A., 297, 2118 Rothery, R, 1000 Targett, T. E., 1049 Whitham, T. G., 2133 Rothman, L. D., 1481 Tello S., J., 1494 Wiedenfeld, D. A., 2635 Roughgarden, J., 41 Terborgh, J., 1494 Wiegmann, D. D., Ill Rousi, M., 2369 Theodose, T. A., 1861 Wiehn, J., 2043 Ruohomaki, K., 2105 Thompson, C. F, 2512 Wiggins, D. J., 385 Russell, A. E., 707 Thompson, F. R., Ill, 2064 Wikelski, M., 2204 Thompson, J. N., 1619 Wilbur, H. M., 2279 S Thorson, J. M., 1087 Wiley, M. J., 2164 Tilman, D., 81 Williams, D. W., 320 Stether, B., 1341 Torres-Contreras, H., 2230 Williams, J. B., 2588 Sala, O. E., 93 Toth, A., 740 Williams, R. J., 2542 Sanchez Rinero, E, 1884 Trappe, J., 1543 Willis, K. J., 740 Sarnelle, O., 913 Traw, M. B., 2339 Wilson, D. S., 2018 Sauer, J. R., 2632 Trexler, J. C., 1370 Wilson, D., 2153 Schartz, R. J., 1832 Trillmich, E, 2204 Wilson, S. D., 732 Scheffer, M., 272, 1966 Trussell, G. C., 1033 Wilson, W. G., 2004 Schelske, C. L., 2263 Tuomi, J., 2369 Wishart, W. D., 1019 Schindler, D. E., 1816 Turchin, R, 318 Wold, E. N., 1356 Schluter, D., 70 Turner, C. L., 1832 Wolfe, L. M., 101 Schmiegelow, F. K. A., 1914 Wright. S. J., 941 Schmitz, O. J., 55, 1388 V Wulff, J. L., 146 Sequeira, R., 2603 Shachak, M., 1946 Valverde, T, 1555 Y Sharitz, R. R., 370 Van Auken, O. W., 1222 Shaver, G. R., 1170, 1188 Van der Rutten, W. H., 1785 Yang, Y., 203 Sherman, K., 2624 Van Horne, B., 2504 Yarie, J., 2351 Sherry, T. W., 2025 van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D., 297 Z Shine, R., 1078, 1713, 2559 van Nes, E. H., 272 Shmida, A., 101 Vanni, M. J., 1, 21 Zala, S., 1098 Silvertown, J., 1555 Vasseur, L., 666 Zani, R A., 2191 Slade, N. A., 1230 Veblen, T. T, 678 Zhu, W., 348 Key Word Index A aquatic insects, 2432 Arabidopsis thaliana, 1301 aardwolf, 2588 arctic, 1170, 1188 Abies alba. 1588 area of influence, 2378 Abies amabilis, 2458 arid ecosystems, 1884 aboveground and belowground interference, 1222 Artemisia tridenta, 231 aboveground net primary production, 2628 arthropod predator guilds, 1266 aboveground production, 2351 artifacts of enclosure, 2326 abscission, 820 Asclepias meadii, 1230 absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, 953 asexual reproduction, 452 abundance, 1861, 1907 aspen, 2351 Abutilon theophrasti, 2339 Asphondylia borrichiae, 1602 Acer saccharum, 215 assimilation. 1049 active pollination, 1655 Asteromella, 810, 820 adaptive diversity, 1579 Australia, 2542, 2569 additive genetic effects, 461 Australian Scincidae, 2559 adult survival, 394 autocorrelation, 2603 Aedes triseriatus, 838 autocorrelation of exogenous variables, 318, 320 aerial photograph, 612 Aythya ferina, 1009 age at maturity, 419 age-dependent reproduction, survival, 1000 B age ratio, 2524 age-specific body mass, 181 bacterial inhibition, 774 age-specific breeding probability, 1431 bacteriophage T4. 2303 age-specific fecundity, 181, 192 balsam poplar, 2351 age-specific survival, 1019 Baltic Sea coastal areas, 2249 Agelaius phoeniceus, 884 barnacles, 1262, 1944 aggregation, 1238 basal metabolic rate, 2588 aggressive behavior, 2385 Bassiana duperreyi, 2559 Agropyron desertorum. 231 bears, 1105 air pollution, 1120 behavior, 547, 603 Alaska. 2351 behavioral changes, 1098 Alces alces, 505 behavioral induction, 1146 algae, 21, 1736, 2204, 2432 behavioral interactions, 419 algal succession, 2432 behavioral responses, 838 algal turfs, 1400 behavioral responses of predators, 1266 allelochemical, 203 Belted Kingfisher, 2504 allelopathy, 621 Bemisia, 1157 all-else-equal assumption, 452 benthic grazing on phytoplankton, 588 Allonemobius socius, 442 benthos, 2326 alpha diversity, 1898 berries, 1105 alpine tundra, 1861 bet hedging. 283, 442 alternative stable states. 272 beta diversity, 1898 alternative tactics, 111 Betula pendula, 2369 Ambrosia artemisiifolia, 2339 bias. 1321 Ammophila arenaria, 1785 bias due to incompleteness of data. 41 amphibian. 2279 bighorn sheep, 1019 amphipods, 1579 biodiversity, 70, 81, 1597, 2133 Anax, 1146 bioenergetics, 1816 Andropogon gerardi, 2091 biogeochemistry, 1844 animal-plant interactions. 1531, 1661 biogeography. 969, 1907 annual effects, 283 bioindicators, 261 annual plants, 621 biological invasions. 1736 annual variation, 522 biomechanics, 1033 Anolis lizards, 2191 bird communities. 1494 ANOVA, 1299. 1321 bird population trends. 2632. 2635 ANPP vs. temperature and soil texture, 2628 birds. 1120 ant lion, 1761 birtb intervals, 535 Antarctic soil system, 363 birth mass, 471 anthocyanins. 1646 birth rate. 535 antifungal compounds, 782 bison. 2238 antifungal defense, 799 black spruce, 693, 1873 antiherbivore compounds, 782 Black-throated Blue Warbler. 2524 antipredator, 1805 blackwater river. 1132 antipredator behavior, 1752 blocking factors. 1312 anuran, 1722 blowdowns, 678 anuran larvae, 1146 blue tilapia, 2263 aperiodic dynamics, 897 blue-green algae. 272 aphids. 2603 bluefish; 2415 Appalachian Mountains, 2524 body mass, 434, 1105 apparent competition, 1785 body size. 111.461. 1502, 1805. 2204, 2218. 2385, 2663 2664 KEY WORD INDEX Ecology, Vol. 78, No. 8 bootstrapping, 1277 chlorophyll fluorescence, 385 boreal mixed-wood forest, 1914 chlorophyll-to-phaeophytin (D665/D665a) ratio, 261 Borrichia fructescens, 1602 Choristoneura rosaceana, 911, 2267 bottleneck, 2487 Christmas Island, 2474 Bouteloua curtipendula, 1222 Chrysomela confluens, 2133 breeding propensity, 1431 Chrysothamnus nauseosus, 231 breeding success, 1120 ciliates, 913 Brindabella Ranges, southeastern Australia, 2559 climate change, 722, 740, 1170, 1188, 1199, 1873 British Columbia, 1481 climate-change effects on primary production, 2628 Bromus pictus, 93 climatic disturbance, 1884 Bromus tectorum, 231 clonal plants, 1785 brood size, 452 clutch size, 2043 brown earth, 740 clutch size-dependent selection, 394 Brown-headed Cowbirds, 2064 CO2. 215, 385, 1170, 1188 browsing, 678 CO2 elevation, 2339 bryophytes, 261 CO2 enrichment, 666 Bryozoa, 160 CO2 fertilization, 1588 bullfrogs, 1736, 1752 CO2 fluxes, 1844 Coastal Plain streams, 1132 C coastal sand dunes, 1785 coevolution, 1673 ■’C, 1271 coexistence, 1761 '’C/'^C ratio, 1588 colonization, 1494, 1597, 2004, 2443 Cj and C4 grasses, 722 Colorado, 1519 Cj grass, 2091 Colorado, shortgrass steppe, 1256 C:N ratio, 244 coloration, 1098 C:P ratio, 244 Common Pochard, 1009 cage size, 2316 community analysis, 2617 calcium metabolism, 1579 community biomass, 2091 calf winter survival, 852 community changes, 666 Calidris pusilla, 522 community composition, 1861 California. 1400, 1736, 1898 community dynamics, 21, 1884 California grassland, 2076 community ecology, 1502, 1907, 1945, 1958, 1976 Calycadenia multiglandulosum, 2076 community ecology, statistics, 929 Cameraria, 810, 820 community matrix and inverse, 55 cannibalism, 1761 community metabolism, 2326 canonical correspondence analysis, 2617 community saturation, 70 canonical ordination, 261 community stability, 1946 canopy closure, 1555 community structure, 70, 1519 canopy dynamics, 612 compartment models, 653 canopy gaps, 2458 compensation, herbivory, 1301 canopy photosynthesis, 2339 compensatory ability, 2105 CAPTURE computer program, 1230 compensatory growth, 1684, 2385 capture-recapture models, 563, 1009, 1019, 1284, 1431, 2248 compensatory mortality hypothesis, 1990 Carassius carassius, 1805 competition, 129, 621, 751, 873. 913, 1.502, 1722, 1761, carbon, 1170, 1188, 2105 1805, 1945, 1958, 1966, 2091, 2279, 2369, 2378, 2401, carbon balance, 244 2487 carbon-nutrient balance, 215 competition model and effects, 1774 carbon stocks, 1844 competitive exclusion in streams, 2164 Carex, 244 competitive metapopulaiions, 1597 Caribbean Sea, 2191 complementary resource use, 1211 carnivores, 2569, 2588 complex dynamics, 2018 ca.scades, coupled trophic and engineering, 1946 complexity, 2279 catastrophe, 272 compositional data, analysis, 929 caterpillars, 1120, 1356 condensed tannin, 1696 Cedrela odorata, 1211 connectance, 41, 1382 cell cycle, 897 connectivity, 1914 cellular automata, 2004 conservation, 1341, 1597 Centrarchidae, 111, 2401 conservation biology, 1321 Cervus elaphus, 852 conservation management, 1321 Ceryle alcyon, 2504 cooperation, 2004 chaparral, 1898 coral reef fish, 1415 character displacement, 2569 coral reefs, 146, 547 checklist, conservation biology, 1321 Cordia aUiodora, 1211 chemical cues, 1752 Coryphopterus nicholsii, 129 chemical defenses, 782 Costa Rica, 2432 chemostat models, 897 cost: benefit analyses, 1049 Chilean matorral, 2230 cost of males, 452 Chironomus, 1146 cost of reproduction, 484, 1019, 1078, 1284, 1457 chlorogenic acid, 203 Cotesia glomerata, 987 December 1997 KEY WORD INDEX 2665 cottonwoods, 2133 dispersal of food-limited predators, 1266 Cougourdella, 2164 dispersed damage, 1356 covariation, 1299 disruptive selection, 1301 cross-breeding, 461 dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, 1844 cross-fostering, 461 distributional limits, 1976 crushing strength, 2401 disturbance, 678, 1563, 2248, 2443, 2458 cyanobacteria, 272 disturbance and soil biodiversity, 363 cynipid wasps, 2153 disturbance regime, 612 Cynoglossum officinale life history, 2118 disturbance type, 678 Cynomys ludovicianus. 751 diversity, 1861 Cynoscion regalis, 1049 DNA fingerprinting, 884, 1424 cyphonautes, 160 dominance, 666 cyprid metamorphosis, quality, 1262, 1944 dominance model, 272 Cyiisus, 1457 dormancy, 2443 doubly labeled water, 2588 D Dreissena polymorpha. 588 drip tips, function of, 1250 5''C, 2263 Drosophila melanogaster, 828 b'-'N, 2263 Dry Valleys region, Antarctica, 363 Dalechampia. 1661 dynamic programming, 1446 damselfish, 1415 Dpphnia, 913 E Daphnia magna, 1446 Dasyuru^ 2569 ecological interactions, predictability, 55 deciduous hardwoods. 335 ecological profiles, 261 deciduous trees and shrubs, 2542 ecological release, 1494 decomposition, 244, 732, 774, 1844 ecomorphology, 2191 defense, 1301 ecosystem design, 1211 defenses, variability, 1351 ecosystem ecology, 2018 defoliation, 2369 ecosystem engineers, 1946 deforestation, 693, 1873 ecosystem function, 1946 delayed induced resistance, 1481 ecosystem resistance, 1873 demographic parameters, 563, 2248 edge effects, 1898, 2064 demographic stochasticity, 1321 egg production, 283 demography, 405, 522, 535, 1000, 1457 eigenvalues, 653 dendrochronology, 1199, 1588 El Nino-Southern Oscillation. 1884 dendroecology, 693, 1873 Elaphomyces granulatus, 1543 Dendroica caerulescens, 947, 2524 electric exclosures. 2432 density dependence, 1774, '805, 2025, 2603 elevational gradient. 707 densit) dependence tests. 320 elk, 2238 density dependence, delayed, 320 embryogenesis, thermal conditions, 2559 deposition, mineral N, 732 Emory oak, 820 depth effects, 2326 empty sites, 81 desert, 283 encapsulation, 987 desert arthropods and plants, 1884 enclosure size, 913 desert gerbils. 2218 endangered species, 1752 despotism, 2025, 2524 endophyte frequency vs. time of year, 810 detoxification, 1696 endophytes, 2153 development rate, 2415 endophytic fungal infection and leafminer larvae, 810, developmental errors, 452 820 developmental plasticity, 2385 endothermy, 1713 diapause, 442, 977, 2267 energetic constraint, 1502 diel vertical migration, 1446 energetic cost of flight, 1502 diet, co-occurring redear and pumpkinseed. 2401 energetics. 297 diet quality, 2230 energy allocation. 2385 diet variation in fish, 2263 energy constraint, 2504 dietary mixing, 1157 energy conversion efficiency coefficient, 953 dietary reconstruction, 1271 energy deficit. 2512 diffuse mutualism, 146 energy expenditure, 2588 diffuse predation, 1400 energy flow, 2051 diffusion equation, 579 energy intake rate, 1049 digestibility, 1105 energy limitation, 1078, 2204 digestion, 1049, 2230 energy storage, 1370 dioecy, 101 environmental conditions, 693 Diomedea exulans, 2051 environmental stochasticity, 1321 Dipteryx panarnensis, 941 environmental variability, 442 direct mutualism, 146 epigeous fungi, 1543 disea.se, 1019 Eriogonum compositum. 167 dislodgement, 1033 error terms, 1312 dispersal, 81, 167, .579, 1284, 1415, 2443, 2524 Escherichia coli. 2303 dispersal models, 873 Estigmene, 1157 2666 KEY WORD INDEX Ecology, Vol. 78, No. 8 estuarine fish, 1796 flux, 579 Eucalyptus, 2542 food and space limitation, 1761 Euphilotes enoptes, 167 food chains, 41, 2258 Euphorbiaceae, 1661 food limitation, 1120 Euphydryas editha, 192 food limitation and intraguild predation, 1266 Eurasian Kestrel, Falco tinnunculus, 2043 food limitation and supplementation, 2043 European v hite birch, 2369 food selection, 2230 Euterpe oleracea, 1211 food storage, 764 evergreen conifers, 335 food supplementation, 2504, 2512 evolution, 969, 1617, 1661 food web, Antarctic, 363 evolution of pest species, 1673 food webs, 1, 21, 1132, 1382, 1884, 2258, 2279 evolutionary radiations, 2191 food-web dynamics, 55 exaptation, 1661 food-web properties, 41 exclosure experiments, 941, 1543, 2474 food-web structure in the Baltic Sea, 2249 exotic freshwater fish, 2263 food-web theory, 41 exotic species, 1457 foraging, 2204 experimental design, 2279, 2504 foraging constraints, 1049 experimental duration, 913 foraging efficiency, 1105 experimental ecology, 1579 foraging habits, 1120 experimental ecosystem, 2326 foraging strategy, 505, 2051 experimental fragmentation, 1914 foraging theory, 1087 exponential distribution, 873 forest, 732 extinction, 1494 forest distributions, 632 extinction debt, 1597 forest fragmentation, 941 extinction risk, 1341 forest regeneration cycle, 1555 extra-pair mating, 884 forest songbirds, 2064 forest structure, 2474 F forest tree leaves, temperate cf. tropical, 1250 forest-tundra, 693, 1873 facilitation, 1945, 1958, 1966 fourth-corner statistic, 547 facultative biennial, 2118 fox squirrel, 1087 facultative mutualism, 146 foxtail pine, 1199 family size, 1424 frugivory, 799 faunal relaxation, 1494 fruit pulp nutrients, 782 fecundity, 419, 494, 535, 1370, 1481 fruit rot, 799 feedbacks, 1946 fruit-seed disperser interactions, 782 feeding activity, 2385 fruits, 1105 feeding diversity, intrapopulation. 2263 Fucus gardneri, 1563 feeding flocks. 1502 functional group, 1861, 1990 feeding rates, 1062 functional organization, 2018 female limitation, 947 functional redundancy, 1531 fertilization, 2443 functional response, 1087 fertilizer N, 1832 fungal endophyte-insect interactions, 2153 Festuca rubra ssp. arenaria, 1785 fungal inoculation, 1655 Ficedula hypoleuca, 1120 fungal spore deposition, 1471 field body temperature, 297 fungi, 1774, 1785 field-enclosure experiment, 1805 field experiment, 55, 363, 820, 1266, 1602, 2316 G field metabolic rate, 2588 filter-feeders, 2164 Galapagos, 2204 Finland. 2105 gall formers, 1238 fire. 1832, 1873, 2359 gall insects, 2153 first reproduction, probability, 1431 gamma diversity, 1898 fish, 1, 21, 547, 1049, 1805, 1816, 2051 Gammarus fossarum, 1579 fish migration, 2249 Gammarus pulex, 1098 fitness. 111. 1446, 1774 Gasterosteus aculeatus, 1098 fledgling production, 2043 gastric evacuation, 1049 fleshy fruits, 799 gastrointestinal capacity, 1105 flight proficiency, 1502 Gecarcoidea natalis, 2474 floaters, 947 generalist, 1157 flooding regime and net primary production, 370 generalist predators, 203, 579, 1266 flooding stress and floodplain forest production, 370 generalized linear models, 1238, 1382 floodplain forests, 370 generation cycles, 897 floral characters, 1640 generative and vegetative shoots, 2105 floral display, 494 genetic constraints on selection. 1673 floral evolution, 2532 genetic marks, 1424 floral pigments, 1646 genetic variation, 2118 Florida Gulf Coast (USA), 1602 genotype-environment interactions. 1632, 2177 flow chamber, 1062 geochemistry, 740 flower color, morphology, 2532 geographic dines, 2524 flowering phenology, 167, 1624 Geographic Information System (GIS), 1844 December 1997 KEY WORD INDEX 2667 geographic mosaic of coevolution, 1619 host specificity, 1785 geographic variation, 461, 884, 1624 hound’s tongue, 2118 Gerbillus dasyurus, 2218 House Wren, 2512 Gerbillus henleyi. 2218 Hudson River Estuary (USA), 588 germination, 101, 621 humic substances, 1844 giving-up density, 308, 1087 hummingbirds, 2532 global and local effects, 2316 humpback whale, 535 global change, 666 hybrid zones, 2611, 2532 Glossosoma pathogens, 2164 hydrologic disturbance, 2432 glycoalkaloid, 799 hydrologic disturbance, floodplain forests, 370 gobies, 129 Hydropsychidae, 1132 Gopherus agassizii, 283 Hyeronima alchorneoides, 1211 gradient analysis, 261, 632, 2617 Hyla regilla, 1736 granivory, 764, 1531, 2218 hypogeous sporocarps, 1543 grasses, 722 hypothesis tests, 1312 grasses, grasshoppers, and nitrogen, 55 grasshoppers, 55 I grasslands, 722, 953, 1222, 1330, 1832, 2238 grazers, 2164 Iguana iguana. 297 grazing, 1736, 2238 immigration, 522, 2443 grazing succession, 2204 immobilization, 732 Great Basin, 231 imperfect trade-offs, 1597 Great Plains, 722, 2628 inbreeding depression, 101 Great Tit, 394 incompleteness of ECOWeB database, 41 Greater Flamingo, 1431 inconstant males, 101 Greya politella, 1619 incubation environment affects hatchling lizards, 2559 group benefits, 1945, 1976 independence of modules, 2105 group selection, 2018 indirect interactions. 1640, 1958 growth and development, 1722 indirect interactions between plants, 2369 growth forms, 231 induced response, 1356 growth rate, 461, 535, 838, 2118, 2415 induced responses to herbivory, 1351 guanaco, 678 inducible defense, 1805 Gulf of California, 1884 induction, 1356 guppy, 405, 419 inheritance, 1481 Gustavia superba, 941 insect communities, 2133 gynodioecy, 101, 1471 insect dispersal. 579 insect growth, 1696 H insect herbivores, 977, 1356, 2267 habitat amelioration, 1976 insect nutritional ecology, 203 habitat formation and destruction, 1946 insect-plant interactions, 810, 820 habitat landscapes and fragmentation, 2064 insects, 1120, 1761 habitat loss, 1597 intake rate, 1105 habitat quality, 864, 2025 interacting processes, 129 habitat saturation, 947 interaction web, 1990 habitat selection, 2504 interactions in plant communities, 1958 habitat structure, 2487 interference competition, 1519 hatchlings, 1713 intermediate allocation. 1446 Hawai'i, 707 intermediate disturbance hypothesis, 1990 Heliconia imbricata, 1211 intermediate host, 1098 Heliothis, 1157 interpopulation variation. 419 Hemiptera, 1157 interspecific competition, 621 hemispherical photography, 1555 intertidal macroalgae, 1563 herbivores, 1157, 2145, 2204, 2238 intraguild predation. 1519, 1761 herbivory, 21, 215. 751, 941, 1301, 1531, 1617, 1619, intraspecific competition, 621 1632. 1640, 1646, 1661, 1684, 1696, 2369 intrinsic rate of increase, 320 heritability, 969 introduced organisms, 1752 hermaphrodite, 101 introduced species, 2401 heterogeneity, 2458 invasion. 1457 heteromyid rodents, 764 inverse texture effect. 2628 Heuchera, 1619 ion-exchange resin, 732 hierarchical cluster analysis, 852 Ipomoea, 1646 higher-order interactions, 1146 Ipomopsis, 2532 Histosols, 707 Ipomopsis aggregata, 1684 Holocene, 1199 ipsative data, 929 holometabolous insects, 192 island biogeography. 1494 homeostasis, 283 island populations, 2204 host choice, 977. 2267 islands. 941 host-Cowbird relationships, 2064 Isle of Rum. Scotland. 852 host-parasite interactions, 2611 isotopic discrimination, 1588 host plant choice, 603 Israeli deserts. 101 2668 KEY WORD INDEX Ecology, Vol. 78, No. 8 J linkage strength, 1132 literature review, 2504 juvenile growth capacity, 1262, 1944 Lithophragma, 1619 Juvenile growth vs. larval organic content, 1262, 1944 litter chemistry, 244 litterfall vs. decomposition, 1256 K litter quality, 732, 1844 Kansas, 1832, 2359 Littorina obtusata, 1033 kelp, 2443 lizard, 297 keystone predation, 1400 lizard hatchlings, 2559 keystone species, 1990, 2279 local leaf damage, 2105 kinship, 1722 local population density, 852 Kittiwake, 1284 local recruitment, 1431 Konza Prairie, 2359 lodgepole pine, 632 krummholz, 1873 LOESS, 2632, 2635 logistic regression, 1382 L long-term study, 612 long-term trend, 1588 laboratory experiments, 461 longevity, 884 lactation, 471 Louisiana, USA, 370 Lago Guri, 1494 LTER, 2359 Lake Alexandrina, 452 Lycaenidae, 167 Lake Apopka, Florida, USA, 2263 Lygus, 1157 Lake Opeongo, Ontario, 1424 Lymantria dispar, 215 lake restoration, 272 Lythrypnus dalli, 129 lakes, 1, 21, 913 Lamiaceae, 494 M land-bridge islands, 1494 land crab, 2474 Macrocystis pyrifera, 2443 landscape, 1832, 1844, 2351 macroherbivores vs. endophytic fungi, 810 landscape ecology, 693 Madracis mirabilis, 2177 landscape pattern, 678 mainland-island comparisons, 2191 Larrea tridentata, 2378 Malacosoma californicum pluviale, 1481 larva! ant lions, 1761 male infertility, 1632 larval ecology, 2415 male nutrient donations, 192 larval physiological quality, 1262, 1944 male plant fitness, 1640 Laslhenia californica, 2076 mammals, 941 latitudinal size variation. 2569 Manduca sexta, 203 iMvandula, 494 manipulative experiments, 55 leaching, 1844 mantids and cursorial spiders, 1266 leaf area, 1211 marginal value theorem, 308 leaf area index, 2339 Marine Biological Laboratory General Ecosystem Model, leaf damage, 1632 1170, 1188 leaf expansion and growth, 1250 marine ecosystems, 2415 leaf flush, 2542 marine iguanas, 2204 leaf margin characteristics, 1250 marine input, 1884 leafminers, 1238 marine larvae, 160 leafminer associations with fungal endophytes, 810 mark-recapture, 1230 leafminer larval development rate vs. endophytes, 820 mass change and transfer, 471 leaf-size selection, 1238 mass loss, 2512 leaf teeth and lobes, 1250 maternal effects, 1481 leaf value, 2105 maternal expenditure, 471 lecithotrophy, 1370 matrix models, 1555 Leiostomus xanthurus, 1796 matrix population model, 522 Lepidoptera, 1157, 1356 matrotrophy, 1370 Lepomis gihhosus, 2401 Mauna Loa, 707 Lepomis microlophus, 2401 meadow voles, 1531 lethal direct and indirect effects, 1388 Medieval Warm Period, 1873 Lias is fuscus, 1078 Mediterranean, 494 life history, 111, 434, 838, 1000, 1370, 1446, 1761, 2385 Megaptera novaeangliae, 535 life history traits, 405, 419 Metanoplus femurrubrum, 1388 life stage, 1958 Membranipora membranacea, 160 life tables, 2145 Meriones crassus, 2218 life-form diversity, 1211 mesocosm, 2326 lifetime reproduction, 2043 mesquite, 751, 1222 lifetime success, 884 meta-analysis, 838, 1277 light, 1170, 1188, 1966 metabolic efficiency, 1105 light vs. nutrient limitation, 2326 metacommunity, 1898 lignin, 244 metamorphosis, 838 limiting factors, 192 metapopulation dynamics, 81 limiting resource, 283 metapopulations, 864 limnology, 1816 Metrosideros polymorpha, 707