Ecohydraulics: An Integrated Approach PDF
Preview Ecohydraulics: An Integrated Approach
Ecohydraulics ByIanMaddock: ForKatherine,Ben,JoeandAlice. ByAtleHarby: DedicatedtoCathrine,SigurdandBrage. ByPaulKemp: DedicatedtoClare,Millie,NoahandFlorence. ByPaulWood: ForMaureen,ConnorandRyan. Ecohydraulics An Integrated Approach EDITED BY Ian Maddock InstituteofScienceandtheEnvironment,UniversityofWorcester,UK Atle Harby SINTEFEnergyResearch,Trondheim,Norway Paul Kemp InternationalCentreforEcohydraulicsResearch,UniversityofSouthampton,UK Paul Wood DepartmentofGeography,LoughboroughUniversity,Leicestershire,UK Thiseditionfirstpublished2013(cid:2)C 2013byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd Registeredoffice: JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester, WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK Editorialoffices: 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK 111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030-5774,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthow toapplyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Therightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedin accordancewiththeUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. 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LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthor(s)haveusedtheir besteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespectto theaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimplied warrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Itissoldonthe understandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservicesandneither thepublishernortheauthorshallbeliablefordamagesarisingherefrom.Ifprofessionaladvice orotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbe sought. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Maddock,Ian(IanPhilip) Ecohydraulics:anintegratedapproach/IanMaddock,AtleHarby,PaulKemp,PaulWood. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-470-97600-5(cloth) 1.Ecohydrology. 2.Aquaticecology. 3.Wetlandecology. 4.Fishhabitat improvement. 5.Streamconservation. I.Harby,Atle,1965– II.Kemp,Paul,1972– III.Wood,PaulJ. IV.Title. QH541.15.E19M332013 577.6–dc23 2013008534 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsin printmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. Coverimage:ImagessuppliedbyAuthor CoverdesignbyDanJubb Setin9.25/11.5ptMinionbyAptara(cid:2)R Inc.,NewDelhi,India 1 2013 Contents ListofContributors,xi 1 Ecohydraulics:AnIntroduction,1 IanMaddock,AtleHarby,PaulKempandPaulWood 1.1 Introduction,1 1.2 Theemergenceofecohydraulics,2 1.3 Scopeandorganisationofthisbook,4 References,4 PartI MethodsandApproaches 2 IncorporatingHydrodynamicsintoEcohydraulics:TheRoleofTurbulenceinthe SwimmingPerformanceandHabitatSelectionofStream-DwellingFish,9 MartinA.Wilkes,IanMaddock,FleurVisserandMichaelC.Acreman 2.1 Introduction,9 2.2 Turbulence:theory,structureandmeasurement,11 2.3 Theroleofturbulenceintheswimmingperformanceandhabitatselection ofriver-dwellingfish,20 2.4 Conclusions,24 Acknowledgements,25 References,25 3 HydraulicModellingApproachesforEcohydraulicStudies:3D,2D,1D andNon-NumericalModels,31 DanieleToninaandKlausJorde 3.1 Introduction,31 3.2 Typesofhydraulicmodelling,32 3.3 Elementsofnumericalhydrodynamicmodelling,33 3.4 3Dmodelling,49 3.5 2Dmodels,55 3.6 1Dmodels,57 3.7 Riverfloodplaininteraction,59 3.8 Non-numericalhydraulicmodelling,60 3.9 Casestudies,60 3.10 Conclusions,64 Acknowledgements,66 References,66 v vi Contents 4 TheHabitatModellingSystemCASiMiR:AMultivariateFuzzyApproach anditsApplications,75 MarkusNoack,MatthiasSchneiderandSilkeWieprecht 4.1 Introduction,75 4.2 TheoreticalbasicsofthehabitatsimulationtoolCASiMiR,76 4.3 Comparisonofhabitatmodellingusingthemultivariatefuzzyapproach andunivariatepreferencefunctions,80 4.4 Simulationofspawninghabitatsconsideringmorphodynamicprocesses,82 4.5 Habitatmodellingonmeso-tobasin-scale,85 4.6 Discussionandconclusions,87 References,89 5 Data-DrivenFuzzyHabitatModels:ImpactofPerformanceCriteriaand OpportunitiesforEcohydraulics,93 AnsMouton,BernardDeBaetsandPeterGoethals 5.1 Challengesforspeciesdistributionmodels,93 5.2 Fuzzymodelling,95 5.3 Casestudy,100 References,105 6 ApplicationsoftheMesoHABSIMSimulationModel,109 PiotrParasiewicz,JosephN.Rogers,PaoloVezza,JavierGorta´zar,ThomasSeager, MarkPegg,WiesławWis´niewolskiandClaudioComoglio 6.1 Introduction,109 6.2 Modelsummary,109 Acknowledgements,123 References,123 7 TheRoleofGeomorphologyandHydrologyinDeterminingSpatial-ScaleUnits forEcohydraulics,125 ElisaZavadilandMichaelStewardson 7.1 Introduction,125 7.2 Continuumanddis-continuumviewsofstreamnetworks,126 7.3 Evolutionofthegeomorphicscalehierarchy,127 7.4 Definingscaleunits,131 7.5 Advancingthescalehierarchy:futureresearchpriorities,139 References,139 8 DevelopingRealisticFishPassageCriteria:AnEcohydraulicsApproach,143 AndrewS.Vowles,LyndaR.Eakins,AdamT.Piper,JamesR.KerrandPaulKemp 8.1 Introduction,143 8.2 Developingfishpassagecriteria,144 8.3 Conclusions,151 8.4 Futurechallenges,152 References,152 PartII Species–HabitatInteractions 9 HabitatUseandSelectionbyBrownTroutinStreams,159 JanHeggenesandJensWollebæk 9.1 Introduction,159 9.2 Observationmethodsandbias,160 Contents vii 9.3 Habitat,161 9.4 Abioticandbioticfactors,161 9.5 Keyhydraulicfactors,163 9.6 Habitatselection,163 9.7 Temporalvariability:lightandflows,166 9.8 Energeticandbiomassmodels,168 9.9 Thehyporheiczone,169 9.10 Spatialandtemporalcomplexityofreddmicrohabitat,169 9.11 Summaryandwaysforward,170 References,170 10 SalmonidHabitatsinRiverineWinterConditionswithIce,177 AriHuusko,TeppoVehanenandMortenStickler 10.1 Introduction,177 10.2 Iceprocessesinrunningwaters,178 10.3 Salmonidsinwintericeconditions,182 10.4 Summaryandwaysforward,186 References,188 11 StreamHabitatAssociationsoftheFoothillYellow-LeggedFrog(Ranaboylii): TheImportanceofHabitatHeterogeneity,193 SarahYarnell 11.1 Introduction,193 11.2 Methodsforquantifyingstreamhabitat,194 11.3 ObservedrelationshipsbetweenR.boyliiandstreamhabitat,198 11.4 Discussion,204 References,209 12 TestingtheRelationshipBetweenSurfaceFlowTypesandBenthic Macroinvertebrates,213 GrahamHill,IanMaddockandMelanieBickerton 12.1 Background,213 12.2 Ecohydraulicrelationshipsbetweenhabitatandbiota,213 12.3 Casestudy,216 12.4 Discussion,223 12.5 Widerimplications,226 12.6 Conclusion,227 References,227 13 TheImpactofAlteredFlowRegimeonPeriphyton,229 NatasˇaSmolar-ZˇvanutandAleksandraKrivogradKlemencˇicˇ 13.1 Introduction,229 13.2 Modifiedflowregimes,230 13.3 Theimpactofalteredflowregimeonperiphyton,231 13.4 CasestudiesfromSlovenia,236 13.5 Conclusions,240 References,240 14 EcohydraulicsandAquaticMacrophytes:AssessingtheRelationship inRiverFloodplains,245 GeorgA.Janauer,UdoSchmidt-MummandWalterReckendorfer 14.1 Introduction,245 viii Contents 14.2 Macrophytes,246 14.3 Lifeformsofmacrophytesinrunningwaters,248 14.4 Applicationofecohydraulicsformanagement:acasestudyontheDanube Riveranditsfloodplain,249 14.5 Conclusion,255 Acknowledgements,255 Appendix14.A:AbbreviationsusedinFigure14.5,includingfullplant namesandauthorities,255 References,256 15 Multi-ScaleMacrophyteResponsestoHydrodynamicStressandDisturbances: AdaptiveStrategiesandBiodiversityPatterns,261 SaraPuijalonandGudrunBornette 15.1 Introduction,261 15.2 Individualandpatch-scaleresponsetohydrodynamicstressand disturbances,262 15.3 Communityresponsestotemporarypeaksofflowand currentvelocity,266 15.4 Macrophyteabundance,biodiversityandsuccession,268 15.5 Conclusion,269 References,270 PartIII ManagementApplicationCaseStudies 16 ApplicationofReal-TimeManagementforEnvironmental FlowRegimes,277 ThomasB.HardyandThomasA.Shaw 16.1 Introduction,277 16.2 Real-timemanagement,278 16.3 Thesetting,278 16.4 Thecontextandchallengeswithpresentwaterallocationstrategies,281 16.5 Theissuesconcerningtheimplementationofenvironmental flowregimes,282 16.6 UnderlyingscienceforenvironmentalflowsintheKlamathRiver,283 16.7 TheWaterResourceIntegratedModellingSystemforTheKlamathBasin RestorationAgreement,285 16.8 Thesolution–real-timemanagement,285 16.9 ExampleRTMimplementation,287 16.10 RTMperformance,287 16.11 Discussion,290 16.12 Conclusions,290 Acknowledgements,291 References,291 17 HydraulicModellingofFloodplainVegetationinKorea:Developmentand Applications,293 HyoseopWooandSung-UkChoi 17.1 Introduction,293 17.2 Modellingofvegetatedflows,294 17.3 Floodplainvegetationmodelling:Fromwhiteriverstogreenrivers,300 17.4 Conclusions,306 References,306 Contents ix 18 AHistoricalPerspectiveonDownstreamPassageatHydroelectric PlantsinSwedishRivers,309 OlleCalles,PeterRivinojaandLarryGreenberg 18.1 Introduction,309 18.2 HistoricalreviewofdownstreambypassproblemsinSweden,310 18.3 RehabilitatingdownstreampassageinSwedishRiverstoday,312 18.4 Concludingremarks,319 References,320 19 RapidFlowFluctuationsandImpactsonFishandtheAquaticEcosystem,323 AtleHarbyandMarkusNoack 19.1 Introduction,323 19.2 Rapidflowfluctuations,325 19.3 Methodstostudyrapidflowfluctuationsandtheirimpact,325 19.4 Results,326 19.5 Mitigation,329 19.6 Discussionandfuturework,331 Acknowledgements,333 References,334 20 EcohydraulicDesignofRiffle-PoolReliefandMorphologicalUnitGeometryin SupportofRegulatedGravel-BedRiverRehabilitation,337 GregoryB.PasternackandRockoA.Brown 20.1 Introduction,337 20.2 Experimentaldesign,338 20.3 Results,347 20.4 Discussionandconclusions,351 Acknowledgements,353 References,353 21 EcohydraulicsforRiverManagement:CanMesoscaleLoticMacroinvertebrate DataInformMacroscaleEcosystemAssessment?,357 JessicaM.Orlofske,WendyA.MonkandDonaldJ.Baird 21.1 Introduction,357 21.2 Loticmacroinvertebratesinamanagementcontext,358 21.3 Patternsinloticmacroinvertebrateresponsetohydraulicvariables,359 21.4 Linkingecohydraulicsandloticmacroinvertebratetraits,365 21.5 TraitvariationamongloticmacroinvertebratesinLIFEflowgroups,366 21.6 Upscalingfromecohydraulicstomanagement,370 21.7 Conclusions,371 References,371 22 EstuarineWetlandEcohydraulicsandMigratoryShorebirdHabitat Restoration,375 Jose´ F.Rodr´ıguezandAliceHowe 22.1 Introduction,375 22.2 AreaEofKooragangIsland,377 22.3 Ecohydraulicandecogeomorphiccharacterisation,378 22.4 Modifyingvegetationdistributionbyhydraulicmanipulation,382 22.5 Discussion,388 22.6 Conclusionsandrecommendations,390 References,392 x Contents 23 EcohydraulicsattheLandscapeScale:ApplyingtheConcept ofTemporalLandscapeContinuityinRiverRestoration UsingCyclicFloodplainRejuvenation,395 GertjanW.Geerling,HarmDuel,AnthonieD.BuijseandAntoniusJ.M.Smits 23.1 Introduction,395 23.2 Theinspiration:landscapedynamicsofmeanderingrivers,397 23.3 Theconcept:temporalcontinuityanddiscontinuityoflandscapesalong regulatedrivers,399 23.4 Application:floodplainrestorationinaheavilyregulatedriver,401 23.5 Thestrategyinregulatedrivers:cyclicfloodplainrejuvenation(CFR),403 23.6 Generalconclusions,405 References,405 24 EmbodyingInteractionsBetweenRiparianVegetationandFluvialHydraulic ProcessesWithinaDynamicFloodplainModel:ConceptsandApplications,407 GregoryEgger,EmilioPolitti,VirginiaGaro´fano-Go´mez,BernadetteBlamauer,Teresa Ferreira,RuiRivaes,RohanBenjankarandHelmutHabersack 24.1 Introduction,407 24.2 Physicalhabitatanditseffectsonfloodplainvegetation,408 24.3 Successionphasesandtheirenvironmentalcontext,410 24.4 Responseoffloodplainvegetationtofluvialprocesses,414 24.5 Linkingfluvialprocessesandvegetation:thedisturbanceregimeapproach asthebackboneforthedynamicmodel,415 24.6 Modelapplications,417 24.7 Conclusion,423 Acknowledgements,424 References,424 PartIV Conclusion 25 ResearchNeeds,ChallengesandtheFutureofEcohydraulicsResearch,431 IanMaddock,AtleHarby,PaulKempandPaulWood 25.1 Introduction,431 25.2 Researchneedsandfuturechallenges,432 References,435 Index,437
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