ECM-2008, Amsterdam, European Congress of Mathematics

488 Pages·2010·3.2 MB·English

European Congress
of Mathematics
Amsterdam, 14 –18 July, 2008
André Ran
Herman te Riele
Jan Wiegerinck
Editors
Editors:
André Ran Jan Wiegerinck
VU University Amsterdam University of Amsterdam
Department of Mathematics Department of Mathematics
De Boelelaan 1081a Science Park 904
1081 HV Amsterdam Postbus 94248
The Netherlands 1090 GE Amsterdam
The Netherlands
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]
Herman te Riele
Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica
P.O. Box 94079
1090 GB Amsterdam
The Netherlands
E-mail: [email protected]
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 00Bxx
ISBN 978-3-03719-077-7
The Swiss National Library lists this publication in The Swiss Book, the Swiss national
bibliography, and the detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at
http://www.helveticat.ch.
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of
illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and
storage in data banks. For any kind of use permission of the copyright owner must
be obtained.
© 2010 European Mathematical Society
European Mathematical Society Publishing House
Seminar for Applied Mathematics
ETH-Zentrum FLI C4
CH-8092 Zürich
Switzerland
Phone: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Homepage: www.ems-ph.org
Background picture of Amsterdam courtesy www.amsterdam.info, travel guide to
Amsterdam featuring information on hotels, apartments, sights and entertainment in
Amsterdam and throughout The Netherlands.
Typeset using the authors’ TEX files: I. Zimmermann, Freiburg
Printed in Germany
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
TheFifthEuropeanCongressofMathematics(5ECM)tookplacefromJuly14–18,
2008 in the RAI Convention CenterAmsterdam. It was organized by the Centrum
WiskundeenInformaticaAmsterdam,theUniversityofAmsterdam,andtheVUUni-
versityAmsterdam,underauspicesoftheEuropeanMathematicalSociety. Included
inthiscongresswasthe44thNederlandsMathematischCongres,theyearlycongress
of the Royal Dutch Mathematical Society (KWG). 5ECM stood under the special
patronageoftheKWG.PreviousEuropeanCongressesofMathematicswereheldin
Paris(1992),Budapest(1996),Barcelona(2000),andinStockholm(2004).
About1000mathematiciansfrom68differentcountriesattendedthecongress.
The first of ten plenary lectures, to get the congress started, was delivered by
RichardTaylor.Asalltheotherplenarylecturers,hedidawonderfuljobofexplaining
hisworktoageneralmathematicalaudience. Anothermajoritemontheprogramme
were three science lectures. These lectures outlined applications of mathematics
inothersciences. Mathematicalmodelingplaysacrucialroleinpredictingclimate
change,aswasstressedbyTimPalmer(EuropeanCentreforMediumRangeWeather
Forecasts). Healsooutlinedwhatwouldbenecessarytoimproveonthecurrentstate
of affairs in the mathematical modeling to obtain predictions on a finer scale than
is possible at the moment. Ignacio Cirac (Max Planck Institute für Quantenoptik)
discussed quantum information theory, and the challenges in this area. The third
sciencelecturewasgivenbyJonathanSherratt(Heriot-WattUniversity)whotalked
about the latest developments in mathematical modeling for population dynamics.
Thirty-threeinvitedlectureswerepresentedinsessionsoffourorfiveparalleltalks.
As in the four preceding EMS congresses, ten EMS prizes were given to young
researchers, not older than 35 years, who had been selected by a Prize Committee
appointedbytheEMS.Inaddition,theFelixKleinPrizewasawardedforthesecond
time,jointlybytheEMSandtheInstituteforIndustrialMathematicsinKaiserslautern,
foranapplicationofmathematicstoaconcreteanddifficultindustrialproblem.
Thereweretwenty-twominisymposia,spreadoverthewholemathematicalarea.
These minisymposia played a role in attracting people to the ECM meeting that
wouldotherwiseperhapsnothavecometosuchabroadmathematicscongress. The
organizersaregratefultotheorganizersoftheminisymposiafortheirvaluablehelp.
TwoRoundTablemeetingswereorganized: oneonIndustrialMathematicsand
oneonMathematicsandDevelopingCountries.
As part of the 44th Nederlands Mathematisch Congres, the so-called Brouwer
lecturewasgiven,byPhillipGriffithsofIASPrinceton. TheBrouwerlectureisor-
vi Preface
ganizedeverythreeyearsbytheKWG.TheBrouwerlecturerreceivesagoldmedal
commemoratingtheDutchmathematicianL.J.Brouwer. TheBrouwerlecturewith
theBrouwermedalisTheNetherlands’mostprestigiousawardinmathematics. In-
formationaboutBrouwerwasgivenbyDirkvanDaleninaninvitedhistoricallecture
during the congress. Other parts of NMC44 were the 9th Beeger lecture by Dan
Bernstein of the University of Illinois at Chicago (organized once every two years
to commemorate the Dutch number theorist N.G.W.H. Beeger and sponsored by
CWIAmsterdam) and the third Philips PhD prize lectures for Dutch PhD students
(sponsoredbyPhilipsEindhovenandthistimewonbyErikJanvanLeeuwenofCWI
Amsterdam).
Theseproceedingspresentextendedversionsofnineteenoftheinvitedtalkswhich
weredeliveredduring5ECM.Wearegratefultotheauthorsfortheircontributionsand
tothefollowingreferees: KeithBall,HenkBroer,ArjehCohen,GerardvanderGeer,
RobbertDijkgraaf, KlaasLandsman, EduardLooijenga,TerryLyons,YvanMartel,
AndrzejPelczar,NicolaiReshetikhin,DavidRiley,BenjaminRossman,MartaSanz-
Solé, Floris Takens, Constantin Teleman, Rob Tijdeman, Bruno Vallette, and Don
Zagier.
Acongressofthissizeisimpossibletoorganizewithoutgenerousfinancialsupport
fromthegovernment,businessesandindustry,andthelocalmathematicalcommunity.
Thefulllistofsubsidy-providersandsponsorsisgiveninthesectionSponsorsofthese
Proceedings. Although all subsidy-providers and sponsors are equally appreciated,
we like to single out the most important ones here. The largest single subsidy was
provided by NWO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. Biggest
sponsorswereFoundationCompositioMathematicaandINGCorporation.
Theeditors AndréRan
HermanteRiele
JanWiegerinck
Contents
Preface ............................................................... v
Committees ........................................................... ix
Sponsors .............................................................. xi
OpeningCeremony .................................................... xiii
PrizeCeremony ....................................................... xix
ThePrizeWinners ..................................................... xx
CongressProgramme .................................................. xxvii
InvitedLectures
(cid:2)
JoséA.Carrillo andJesúsRosado
Uniquenessofboundedsolutionstoaggregationequationsbyoptimal
transportmethods .................................................. 3
BasEdixhoven
Onthecomputationofthecoefficientsofmodularforms ............... 17
ManfredEinsiedler
Effectiveequidistributionandspectralgap ............................ 31
WolfgangLück
Surveyonasphericalmanifolds ...................................... 53
SergeiA.Merkulov
Wheeledpropsinalgebra,geometryandquantization .................. 83
OlegR.Musin
Positivedefinitefunctionsindistancegeometry ........................ 115
JaroslavNešetrˇil(cid:2) andPatriceOssonadeMendez
Fromsparsegraphstonowheredensestructures: decompositions,
independence,dualitiesandlimits .................................... 135
(cid:2)
JürgenFuchs,ThomasNikolaus,ChristophSchweigert ,andKonradWaldorf
Bundlegerbesandsurfaceholonomy ................................. 167
ConstantinTeleman
Topologicalfieldtheoriesin2dimensions ............................. 197
(cid:2)Incaseofseveralauthors,invitedspeakersaremarkedwithanasterisk.
viii Contents
LectureonInvitationbytheKWG
DirkvanDalen
TheRevolutionof1907–Brouwer’sdissertation ...................... 213
PlenaryLectures
JeanBourgain
Newdevelopmentsincombinatorialnumbertheoryandapplications ..... 233
Jean-FrançoisLeGall
Largerandomplanarmapsandtheirscalinglimits ..................... 253
FrançoisLoeser
Geometryandnon-archimedeanintegrals ............................. 277
MatildeMarcolli
Feynmanintegralsandmotives ...................................... 293
NicolaiReshetikhin
Topologicalquantumfieldtheory: 20yearslater ....................... 333
PrizeLectures
OlgaHoltzandNoamShomron
Computationalcomplexityandnumericalstabilityoflinearproblems .... 381
Bo’azKlartag
High-dimensionaldistributionswithconvexityproperties ............... 401
LaureSaint-Raymond
SomerecentresultsaboutthesixthproblemofHilbert:
hydrodynamiclimitsoftheBoltzmannequation ....................... 419
AgataSmoktunowicz
Gradedalgebrasassociatedtoalgebraicalgebrasneednotbealgebraic ... 441
Authorindex .......................................................... 451
Committees
CommitteeofHonour
Prof.dr. H.P. Barendregt, Nijmegen; Prof.dr. J.F.A.K. van Benthem, Amsterdam;
Prof.dr.D.C.vandenBoom(RectoroftheUniversityofAmsterdam);Prof.dr.L.M.
Bouter (Rector of the VU University Amsterdam); Mr.dr. M.J. Cohen (Mayor of
Amsterdam); Prof.dr.R.H.Dijkgraaf(PresidentoftheRoyalNetherlandsAcademy
ofArts and Sciences,Amsterdam); Prof.dr. P.F. van der Heijden (Rector of Leiden
University); Prof.dr. G. ’t Hooft (1999 Nobel Prize in Physics Laureate), Utrecht;
Prof.dr.H.W.Lenstra,Leiden;dr.A.H.G.RinnooyKan(ChairmanoftheSocialand
Economic Council of The Netherlands, Den Haag); Prof.dr. J. Zwemmer (former
RectoroftheUniversityofAmsterdam).
ScientificCommittee
LexSchrijver,Amsterdam(chair);JohnBall,Oxford;EvaBayer,Lausanne;Franco
Brezzi, Pavia; Joachim Cuntz, Münster; Arnoldo Frigessi, Oslo; Bernard Helffer,
Orsay; NigelHitchin,Oxford;AlexanderHolevo,Moscow; KurtJohansson,Stock-
holm; Ib Madsen, Aarhus; Yuri Manin, Bonn; Angus Macintyre, London; Marta
Sanz-Solé,Barcelona;OdedSchramm,Redmond;VilmosTotik,Szeged;LuisVega,
Bilbao;Jean-ChristopheYoccoz,Paris.
EMSPrizeCommittee
Robert Tijdeman, Leiden (chair); Antonio Ambrosetti, Trieste; Erwin Bolthausen,
Zürich; Simon Kirwan Donaldson, London; Andrei Aleksandrovich Gonchar,
Moscow;IgorKrichever,NewYork;AndersLindquist,Stockholm;VolkerMehrmann,
Berlin;JaroslavNešetˇril,Prague;AleksanderPelczynski,Warsaw;Marie-Françoise
Roy, Rennes; Bernard Silverman, Oxford; Jan Philip Solovej, Copenhagen; Juan
LuisVazquez,Madrid;BenjaminWeiss,Jerusalem.
FelixKleinPrizeCommittee
Yvon Maday, Paris (chair); Louis Bonilla, Madrid; Willi Jäger, Heidelberg; Axel
Klar,Kaiserslautern;ArjenLenstra,Lausanne;HelmutNeunzert,Kaiserslautern.
PhilipsPhDPrizeCommittee
Frans Oort, Utrecht (chair); Erik Koelink, Nijmegen; Floris Takens, Groningen;
WillemvanZwet,Leiden.