Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: From Fetus to Adult PDF
Preview Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: From Fetus to Adult
Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Dedications Tomyparents,CheTooandSoFaLai;mywonderfulwife,Lydia;andmychildren,JustinandAmanda. WymanW.Lai TomywifeBenedikte,mydaughterVirginieandmysonFrancis.ForallthetimeIcouldnotspendwiththem. LucL.Mertens TomyhusbandBruceRandazzoandmychildrenJake,IsabelandEthanforsupportingmealways. MerylS.Cohen TomywifeJudithandsonsOmriandAlonwithLove. TalGeva Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease From Fetus to Adult Second Edition Editedby Wyman W. Lai MD,MPH ProfessorofPediatricsatCUMC ColumbiaUniversityMedicalCenter; Director,NoninvasiveCardiacImaging MorganStanleyChildren’sHospitalofNewYork-Presbyterian NewYork,NY,USA Luc L. Mertens MD,PhD SectionHead,Echocardiography TheHospitalforSickChildren; ProfessorofPediatrics UniversityofToronto Toronto,ON,Canada Meryl S. Cohen MD ProfessorofPediatrics PerelmanSchoolofMedicine,UniversityofPennsylvania; MedicalDirector,Echocardiography ProgramDirector,CardiologyFellowship TheCardiacCenter TheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia Philadelphia,PA,USA Tal Geva MD ProfessorofPediatrics HarvardMedicalSchool; Chief,DivisionofNoninvasiveCardiacImaging DepartmentofCardiology BostonChildren’sHospital Boston,MA,USA Thiseditionfirstpublished2016©2016byJohnWiley&SonsLtd. Firsteditionpublished2009©2009byJohnWiley&SonsLtd. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Echocardiographyinpediatricandcongenitalheartdisease:fromfetustoadult/editedbyWymanW.Lai,LucL.Mertens, MerylS.Cohen,TalGeva.–Secondedition. p.;cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-470-67464-2(cloth) I.Lai,WymanW.,editor. II.Mertens,Luc,editor. III.Cohen,Meryl,editor. IV.Geva,Tal,editor. [DNLM:1.HeartDefects,Congenital–ultrasonography. 2.Echocardiography–methods. 3.HeartDefects, Congenital–diagnosis. WG141.5.E2] RJ423.5.U46 618.92′1207543–dc23 2015033801 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronic books. Coverimages:Reproducedfromimageswithinthebook. Setin9.5/12ptMinionProbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India 1 2016 Contents Contributors,vii 14 MitralValveandLeftAtrialAnomalies,243 JamesC.NielsenandLaurieE.Panesar Preface,xi 15 CommonAtrioventricularCanalDefects,259 AbouttheCompanionWebsite,xii MerylS.Cohen PartI IntroductiontoCardiacUltrasoundImaging PartIV AnomaliesoftheVentriculo-arterialJunction 1 UltrasoundPhysics,3 andGreatArteries JanD’hoogeandLucL.Mertens 16 AnomaliesoftheRightVentricularOutflowTractand 2 Instrumentation,PatientPreparation,andPatientSafety,19 PulmonaryValve,281 StaceyDrantandVivekanandAllada MatthewS.LemlerandClaudioRamaciotti 3 SegmentalApproachtoCongenitalHeartDisease,31 17 PulmonaryAtresiawithIntactVentricularSeptum,297 TalGeva JamiC.Levine 4 TheNormalPediatricEchocardiogram,44 18 AbnormalitiesoftheDuctusArteriosusandPulmonary WymanW.LaiandH.HelenKo Arteries,317 BhawnaAryaandCraigA.Sable PartII QuantitativeMethods 19 AnomaliesoftheLeftVentricularOutflowTract 5 StructuralMeasurementsandAdjustmentsforGrowth,63 andAorticValve,336 ThierrySluysmansandStevenD.Colan JohnM.SimpsonandOwenI.Miller 6 HemodynamicMeasurements,73 20 HypoplasticLeftHeartSyndrome,357 MarkK.Friedberg DavidJ.GoldbergandJackRychik 7 SystolicVentricularFunction,96 21 AorticArchAnomalies:CoarctationoftheAorta LucMertensandMarkK.Friedberg andInterruptedAorticArch,382 8 DiastolicVentricularFunctionAssessment,132 JanMarek,MatthewFenton,andSachin PeterC.Frommelt Khambadkone 22 TetralogyofFallot,407 PartIII AnomaliesoftheSystemicandPulmonary ShubhikaSrivastava,WymanW.Lai,andIraA. Veins,Septa,andAtrioventricularJunction Parness 9 PulmonaryVenousAnomalies,157 23 TruncusArteriosusandAortopulmonaryWindow,433 DavidW.Brown TimothyC.Slesnick,RituSachdeva,JoeR.Kreeger, 10 SystemicVenousAnomalies,180 andWilliamL.Border LeoLopezandSarahChambers 24 TranspositionoftheGreatArteries,446 11 AnomaliesoftheAtrialSeptum,197 LucMertens,ManfredVogt,JanMarek,andMerylS. TalGeva Cohen 12 VentricularSeptalDefects,215 25 Double-OutletVentricle,466 ShobhaNatarajanandMerylS.Cohen LeoLopezandTalGeva 13 EbsteinAnomaly,TricuspidValveDysplasia,andRight 26 Physiologically“Corrected”TranspositionoftheGreat AtrialAnomalies,231 Arteries,489 FrankCettaandBenjaminW.Eidem ErwinOechslin v vi Contents PartV MiscellaneousCardiovascularLesions PartVII AcquiredPediatricHeartDisease 27 HeartswithFunctionallyOneVentricle,511 38 KawasakiDisease,739 StephenP.Sanders ErikC.MichelfelderandAllisonDivanovic 28 EchocardiographicAssessmentofFunctionallySingle 39 RheumaticFeverandRheumaticHeartDisease,750 VentriclesaftertheFontanOperation,541 BoReme´nyi,AndrewSteer,andMichaelCheung MarcGewilligandLucMertens 40 InfectiveEndocarditis,763 29 CardiacMalpositionsandHeterotaxySyndrome,558 ManfredOttoVogtandAndreasKu¨hn IreneD.LytriviandWymanW.Lai PartVIII SpecialTechniquesandTopics 30 CongenitalAnomaliesoftheCoronaryArteries,584 J.Rene´HerlongandPiersC.A.Barker 41 TransesophagealandIntraoperative Echocardiography,777 31 VascularRingsandSlings,609 OwenI.Miller,AaronJ.Bell,andJohnM.Simpson AndrewJ.Powell 42 3DEchocardiography,791 32 ConnectiveTissueDisorders,624 FolkertJanMeijboom,HeleenvanderZwaan,and JulieDeBacker JackieMcGhie 33 CardiacTumors,641 43 PregnancyandHeartDisease,815 MicheleA.Frommelt AnneMarieValente PartVI AnomaliesofVentricularMyocardium 44 FetalEchocardiography,834 DarrenP.HutchinsonandLisaK.Hornberger 34 DilatedCardiomyopathy,Myocarditis,and HeartTransplantation,653 45 TheEchocardiographicAssessmentofPulmonary ReneeMargossian ArterialHypertension,872 LindsayM.RyersonandJeffreyF.Smallhorn 35 HypertrophicCardiomyopathy,677 ColinJ.McMahonandJaviarGaname APPENDIX NormalEchocardiographicValuesfor CardiovascularStructures,883 36 RestrictiveCardiomyopathyandPericardialDisease,694 CecileTissotandAdelK.Younoszai Index,903 37 OtherAnomaliesoftheVentricularMyocardium,719 RebeccaS.BeroukhimandMaryEttaE.King Contributors Vivekanand Allada MD Sarah Chambers MD ProfessorofPediatrics ThePediatricHeartCenterattheChildren’sHospitalatMontefiore UniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine NewYork,NY,USA DirectorofClinicalServices,PediatricCardiology Children’sHospitalofPittsburghofUPMC Michael Cheung BSc, MB ChB, MRCP(UK), MD HeartInstitute Pittsburgh,PA,USA AssociateProfessor HeadofCardiology Bhawna Arya MD RoyalChildren’sHospital; DepartmentofPaediatrics AssistantProfessor UniversityofMelbourne; DepartmentofPediatrics HeartResearchGroup UniversityofWashingtonSchoolofMedicine MurdochChildrensResearchInstitute SeattleChildren’sHospital Melbourne,VIC,Australia Seattle,WA,USA Piers C.A. Barker MD Meryl S. Cohen MD AssociateProfessorofPediatricsandObstetrics/Gynecology ProfessorofPediatrics DukeUniversityMedicalCenter PerelmanSchoolofMedicine,UniversityofPennsylvania; Durham,NC,USA MedicalDirector,Echocardiography ProgramDirector,CardiologyFellowship Aaron J. Bell MD TheCardiacCenter DepartmentofCongenitalHeartDisease TheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia EvelinaLondonChildren’sHospital; Philadelphia,PA,USA Guy’s&StThomas’NHSFoundationTrust LondonUK Steven D. Colan MD ProfessorofPediatrics Rebecca S. Beroukhim MD HarvardMedicalSchool; Director,FetalEchocardiography BostonChildren’sHospital InstructorinPediatrics Boston,MA,USA MassachusettsGeneralHospital Boston,MA,USA Julie De Backer MD, PhD William L. Border MBChB, MPH, FASE SeniorLecturer DirectorofNoninvasiveCardiacImaging DepartmentofCardiologyandMedicalGenetics MedicalDirector,CardiovascularImagingResearchCore(CIRC) UniversityHospitalGhent Children’sHealthcareofAtlantaSibleyHeartCenter; Ghent,Belgium AssociateProfessor EmoryUniversitySchoolofMedicine Jan D’hooge MD Atlanta,GA,USA Professor DepartmentofCardiovascularSciences David W. Brown MD CatholicUniversityofLeuven; AssistantProfessorofPediatrics MedicalImagingResearchCenter DepartmentofCardiology UniversityHospitalGasthuisberg BostonChildren’sHospital; Leuven,Belgium DepartmentofPediatrics HarvardMedicalSchool Boston,MA,USA Allison Divanovic MD AssistantProfessorofPediatrics Frank Cetta MD UniversityofCincinnatiCollegeofMedicine ProfessorofMedicineandPediatrics TheHeartInstitute MayoClinic CincinnatiChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenter Rochester,MN,USA Cincinnati,OH,USA vii viii Contributors Stacey Drant MD J. Rene´ Herlong MD AssociateClinicalProfessor AssociateClinicalProfessorofPediatricCardiology Director,PediatricEchocardiographyLaboratory SangerHeartandVascularInstitute Children’sHospitalofPittsburgh LevineChildren’sHospital Pittsburgh,PA,USA Charlotte,NC,USA Benjamin W. Eidem MD, FACC, FASE Lisa K. Hornberger MD ProfessorofPediatricsandMedicine ProfessorofPediatricsandObstetrics&Gynecology MayoClinic Director,FetalandNeonatalCardiologyProgram Rochester,MN,USA SectionHead,PediatricEchocardiography StolleryChildren’sHospital Matthew Fenton MB, BS, BSc Edmonton,AB,Canada ConsultantPaediatricCardiologist CardiothoracicUnit Darren P. Hutchinson MBBS, FRACP GreatOrmondStreetHospitalforChildrenandInstituteof CardiovascularSciences Fetal&PediatricCardiologist London,UK DepartmentofPediatricCardiology TheRoyalChildren’sHospital Mark K. Friedberg MD Melbourne,VIC,Australia AssociateProfessorofPediatrics TheLabattFamilyHeartCenter Sachin Khambadkone MD TheHospitalforSickChildren PaediatricandAdolescentCardiology,InterventionalCardiologist UniversityofToronto GreatOrmondStreetHospitalforChildrenandInstituteofCardiovascular Toronto,ON,Canada Sciences London,UK Peter C. Frommelt MD ProfessorofPediatrics Mary Etta E. King MD DirectorofEchocardiography DivisionofPediatricCardiology AssociateProfessorofPediatrics MedicalCollegeofWisconsin MassachusettsGeneralHospital Children’sHospitalofWisconsin Boston,MA,USA Milwaukee,WI,USA H. Helen Ko BS, RDMS, RDCS Michele A. Frommelt MD MountSinaiMedicalCenter AssociateProfessorofPediatrics NewYork,NY,USA Children’sHospitalofWisconsin Milwaukee,WI,USA Joe R. Kreeger RCCS, RDCS Javiar Ganame MD, PhD TechnicalDirector,Echocardiography Children’sHealthcareofAtlantaSibleyHeartCenter DepartmentofMedicine Atlanta,GA,USA DivisionofCardiology McMasterUniversity Hamilton,ON,Canada Andreas Ku¨hn MD DepartmentofPediatricCardiologyandCongenitalHeartDisease Tal Geva MD DeutschesHerzzentrumMu¨nchen ProfessorofPediatrics TechnischeUniversita¨tMu¨nchen HarvardMedicalSchool; Munich,Germany Chief,DivisionofNoninvasiveCardiacImaging DepartmentofCardiology Wyman W. Lai MD, MPH BostonChildren’sHospital Boston,MA,USA ProfessorofPediatricsatCUMC ColumbiaUniversityMedicalCenter; Marc Gewillig MD, PhD, FESC, FACC, FSCAI Director,NoninvasiveCardiacImaging MorganStanleyChildren’sHospitalofNewYork-Presbyterian ProfessorPaediatric&CongenitalCardiology NewYork,NY,USA UniversityHospitalsLeuven Leuven,Belgium Matthew S. Lemler MD David J. Goldberg MD ProfessorofPediatrics AssistantProfessor DivisionofCardiology DivisionofPediatricCardiology UniversityofTexasSouthwestern; TheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia; Director,EchocardiographyLaboratory PerelmanSchoolofMedicine,UniversityofPennsylvania Children’sMedicalCenterofDallas Philadelphia,PAUSA Dallas,TX,USA
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