Eating disorders in women and children : prevention, stress management, and treatment

437 Pages·2012·9.458 MB·English

by  Kristin L Goodheart, James R Clopton, Jacalyn J Robert-McComb

Eating
Disorders in
Women and
Children
Prevention, Stress Management, and Treatment
Second Edition
Eating
Disorders in
Women and
Children
Prevention, Stress Management, and Treatment
Second Edition
Edited by
Kristin L. Goodheart, James R. Clopton
Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb
Boca Raton London New York
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Version Date: 2011912
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Eating disorders in women and children : prevention, stress management, and treatment, second edition /
editors, Kristin L. Goodheart, James R. Clopton, Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb. -- 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4398-2481-8 (hardback)
1. Eating disorders. 2. Eating disorders in children. 3. Women--Mental health. 4. Child mental health. 5.
Stress management. I. Goodheart, Kristin L. II. Clopton, James R. III. Robert-McComb, Jacalyn J.
RC552.E18E2835 2011
618.92’8526--dc23 2011035863
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
For the brave women working to overcome their eating problems, and for the friends and family
members who support them, just as my friends and family supported me.
Kristin L. Goodheart
To Jane L. Winer and Kristin L. Goodheart, two remarkable individuals who made this book pos-
sible, each in her own special way. My collaboration on research and writing projects with Jacalyn
Robert-McComb began when Jane introduced us and suggested that we work together. As Dean of
Arts and Sciences at Texas Tech, she was exceptionally encouraging of faculty and skillful in bring-
ing together people with similar interests.
Kristin’s involvement with this book began over two years ago when she was asked to co-author
one of the chapters. Due to her diligent and steady work, her impressive knowledge of eating disor-
ders, and her maturity and good judgment, she became a co-editor for the book. Kristin’s involve-
ment in the editing and the writing of this book was indispensible. I am so grateful for the many
ways in which she is devoted to providing hope to those individuals who have eating disorders.
Jim Clopton
To the two most important men in my life, my father, Vernon Robert, who died of cancer on August
8, 2010, while I was working on this book, and my faithful and loving husband, Robert McComb.
I would also like to dedicate this book to women who have suffered the loss of someone they love.
Jacalyn Robert-McComb
In Memory of John Rohwer
John was truly devoted to children’s health. He wrote
two chapters for the first edition of this book, revised
those chapters for this edition, and was a dependable and
conscientious colleague throughout the work on these
books. John died on December 25, 2010, of injuries from
an accidental fall from his roof on Christmas Eve while
shoveling snow. The editors join his family, friends, and
other colleagues in honoring his life.
vii
Contents*
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................xiii
Editors ..............................................................................................................................................xv
Contributors ...................................................................................................................................xvii
Part I: Identifying and Understanding Eating Disorders
Chapter 1 An Overview of Eating Disorders ................................................................................3
Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb, Lindsay Wilson-Barlow, and Kristin L. Goodheart
Chapter 2 The Psychology of Eating Disorders ..........................................................................29
Kristin L. Goodheart, Heather L. Gibson, and James R. Clopton
Chapter 3 The Physiology of Anorexia Nervosa. ........................................................................47
Annette Gary, Julie Campbell-Ruggaard, Kristin L. Goodheart, and James R.
Clopton
Chapter 4 The Physiology of Bulimia Nervosa ..........................................................................61
Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb and Brittany McCullough
Chapter 5 Measures of Eating Disorder Symptoms and Body Image Disturbance ...................75
Susan Kashubeck-West, Kendra Saunders, and Hsin-hsin Huang
Part II: the Characteristics of Stress
Chapter 6 The Physiology of Stress ..........................................................................................101
Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb and Brett Owen Young
Chapter 7 The Psychology of Stress and Coping ......................................................................125
Stephen W. Cook, Cathy L. Thompson, and Vanessa A. Coca-Lyle
Part III: Society and Eating Disorders
Chapter 8 Family Dynamics .....................................................................................................145
Annette S. Kluck, James R. Clopton, and Jan Snider Kent
* The CD that accompanies this book contains a PowerPoint® presentation for each chapter.
ix
x Contents
Chapter 9 Body Image ..............................................................................................................163
Susan Kashubeck-West, Kendra Saunders, and Angela Coker
Chapter 10 Sexuality and Eating Disorders ................................................................................181
Annette S. Kluck, Sheila Garos, and Lucy Johnson
Part IV: Prevention of Eating Disorders
Chapter 11 Factors Associated with Eating Disorders in Children ............................................197
John L. Rohwer
Chapter 12 Educational Programs Aimed at Primary Prevention ..............................................211
John L. Rohwer
Chapter 13 An Ecological Approach to the Prevention of
Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents ........................................................225
Marilyn Massey-Stokes, Barbara A. Barton, Mandy Golman,
and Deidre J. Holland
Part V: D eveloping Healthy attitudes and Behaviors to
Manage Stress and Eating Disorders
Chapter 14 Behavior Modification ..............................................................................................271
Anna M. Tacón
Chapter 15 Social-Emotional Learning, Interpersonal Skills, and Resilience ...........................283
Marilyn Massey-Stokes and Sean B. Stokes
Chapter 16 Exercise Guidelines: Specific Recommendations for
Women and Children with Eating Disorders ...........................................................313
Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb and Vanessa Bayer
Chapter 17 Nutritional Evaluation and Treatment of Eating Disorders ......................................339
Ann A. Thompson and Amanda J. Danielson
Chapter 18 Nutrition Needs for Special Populations with Eating Disorders ..............................355
Stephanie Rushing
Contents xi
Part VI: therapeutic approaches to the treatment
of  Eating Disorders
Chapter 19 Cognitive Behavioral Approaches for Treating Eating Disorders............................371
Marcia M. Abbott and Kristin L. Goodheart
Chapter 20 Interpersonal Approaches for Treating Eating Disorders ........................................385
Kristin L. Goodheart, Marcia M. Abbott, and James R. Clopton
Chapter 21 Constructivist and Narrative Approaches for Treating Eating Disorders ................397
Kristin L. Goodheart and Stephanie L. Harter
Chapter 22 Pharmaceutical Approaches for Treating Eating Disorders .....................................415
Marta L. Hoes and Brigitte Curtis
Index ..............................................................................................................................................431
Foreword
When I was a young woman being treated for an eating disorder, certain assumptions were made.
If you had an eating disorder, you would be a white adolescent girl from a family with a control-
ling mother and an absent father. You would display a passive personality and low self-esteem. You
would in all likelihood have signs of depression; whether you did or not, you would probably be
treated for it. Your treatment team would see and treat you as childish and immature, and hold a
variety of vague and often unfounded opinions about who you were, where you’d been, and what
kind of chances of recovery you had. Those chances were considered, almost across the board, very
low indeed.
I was treated for eating disorders in the 1980s and 1990s. The medical and therapeutic under-
standing of the etiology, nature, and treatment of disordered eating and body image had not changed
markedly since the early days of eating disorder research 20 years before. Likewise, the limited
understanding of the demographics of eating disordered populations ensured that thousands would
go undiagnosed and untreated. While the eating disordered population exploded, research and treat-
ment providers held fast to their notions of what they were dealing with and how they should pro-
ceed. Their abysmal success rates bewildered them; they attributed these low rates of recovery to
the intractable, probably incurable nature of the diseases.
This second edition of Eating Disorders in Women and Children: Prevention, Stress Management,
and Treatment is being released into a therapeutic community that has changed in many critical
ways, and I believe the community will see further change as a result of the research done here. At
the heart of this research is an assumption that was not always made, which must be made if treat-
ment is to have the impact that it can and should have. This book sees the people who struggle with
eating disorders as people—as individuals, with individual histories and reasons for developing
their disease, and as individuals living in a society that is deeply stressful, and profoundly hospitable
to the flourishing of eating disorders in more communities every day.
This book recognizes the multifaceted, multifactorial nature of these diseases, addresses the
wide—and widening—demographic range of people who have them, and, importantly, delves into
the deeper issues behind their development. This critically insightful perspective has enormous
implications for advances in treatment. By exploring in detail the role of stress in eating disor-
dered people’s lives, and the use of eating disorders as a means of managing and easing that stress,
this edition identifies etiological risk factors, physiological implications, and a range of treatment
modalities that help patients create alternative methods of coping in their lives. The practical appli-
cation of this information suggests enormous hope for an improvement in treatment and real help
for the people who so painfully struggle with eating disorders every day.
By also stressing the importance of early identification and prevention—areas far too often over-
looked in eating disorder literature—this book not only explores specific ways in which at-risk
individuals can be helped but also explores critical measures that can be taken to help the larger
population understand and work to prevent eating disorders in their communities. This emphasis
goes to the heart of what our society must do if we hope to change our cultural perspective on how
these disorders develop, and therefore our understanding of how to prevent their ongoing spread.
This book notes that “dissatisfaction with one’s body appears to be ubiquitous for women.” What
sets this book apart from many others is its emphasis on the critically important factor of the social
continuum on which eating disorders exist. Until we truly recognize and acknowledge the fact that
body dissatisfaction and disordered eating have pervaded nearly every corner of our society, we will
not understand clinical eating disorders. And until we understand the society in which people with
eating disorders are developing their illnesses, we will remain unable to treat them effectively.
xiii
xiv Foreword
Eating Disorders in Women and Children: Prevention, Stress Management, and Treatment
does—and goes beyond—what new eating disorder literature needs to do. It clearly explicates the
nature of the disorders, explores a range of treatment modalities, and identifies critical risk factors;
the research on the influence of stress in eating disordered populations published here represents
enormously important new insights into the disorders, their treatment, and the people who have
them.
In recognizing and exploring the individuality of people with eating disorders, and identifying
the disorders’ multifaceted social aspects, this book makes a significant contribution to the research
currently informing treatment of these diseases. Departing from the tired, and increasingly inaccu-
rate, notions that have so long governed eating disorder research and therapeutic models, this book
moves into new territory, and does so with insight that will be of enormous benefit to its readers.
The work contained here has the potential to directly and dramatically improve the lives and
recovery processes of real people. Eating disorders are not theoretical fields of research; they are
devastating, too-often deadly illnesses, the treatment of which has a long way to go. This book is an
enormous and important step in that direction, and it will be critical reading for anyone who hopes
to understand, and help, people with eating disorders.
Marya Hornbacher, the author of Wasted