eastern anatolia project master plan

595 Pages·2002·4.64 MB·English

T.R.
PRIME MINISTRY
STATE PLANNING ORGANIZATION
UNDERSECRETARIAT
EASTERN ANATOLIA
PROJECT
MASTER PLAN
MASTER PLAN
PREPARED BY
CONSORTIUM
ATATÜRK UNIVERSITY
FIRAT UNIVERSITY
İNÖNÜ UNIVERSITY
KAFKAS UNIVERSITY
YÜZÜNCÜYIL UNIVERSITY
2000
CONTENTS

Page
1.0. TARGETS, STRATEGIES AND SCENARIOS

1.1. TARGETS AND STRATEGIES

1.1.1. Targets 001
1.1.2. General Strategies 002
1.1.3. Intervention Areas 004

1.1.3.1. Improvement of Human Resources 004
1.1.3.2. Expanding Organizational Activities 006
1.1.3.3. Providing Infrastructure 006
1.1.3.4. Pastureland Improvement and Management 011
1.1.3.5. Improvement of Environment Quality 012
1.1.3.6. Fighting Against the Poverty Struggle with the Poverty 016
1.1.3.7. Finance 021

1.1.4. Attraction Centers Strategy 022

1.1.4.1. Sub-regions and Development Patterns 022

1.1.4.2. Attraction Centers: Their Place in the Country(cid:146)s
Settlement Stratification and Socio-Economic
Development Levels 023

1.1.5. Sectoral Bottlenecks, Potantials and Development Strategies 026

1.1.5.1. Agriculture 026
1.1.5.2. Manufacturing Industry 030
1.1.5.3. Mining 032
1.1.5.4. Tourism Sector 033

REFERENCES 037

1.2. SCENARIOS, PLAN AND GENERAL EVULUATIONS
ON IMPLEMENTATION 041

1.2.1 Five Year Development Plan VIII and EAP Master Plan 041
1.2.2 Scenarios and the Required Investments 043
1.2.3 Proposed Investments and Investment Capacity 052
1.2.4 Some Issues Related to Investments 056
1.2.5 Some Principles of Action in the Context of Resource Constraint
In Development 057
I
1.2.6. Road Map In Development: Strategies and Plans 060
1.2.7. Possible Interactions Between the EAP Region and Other Regions 061
1.2.8. Globalization and Its Likely Impacts on the Region 062
1.2.9. Scenario to be Implemented 066

REFERENCES 070

2.0. EASTERN ANATOLIAN PROJECT MASTER PLAN 073
2.1. IMPROVEMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES 075

2.1.1. Population 077

2.1.1.1. Summary of the Current Situation 077
2.1.1.2. Population Projection for EAP 079
2.1.1.3. Population and Migration Policies 089
2.1.1.4. Employment 090
2.1.1.5. Conclusion 093

2.1.2. Education 097

2.1.2.1. Summary of the Current Situation 097
2.1.2.2. The On-going Projects in the Region 099
2.1.2.3. Project Proposals 106

2.1.3. Health 129

2.1.3.1. Summary of the Current Situation 130
2.1.3.2. Projects In the Investment Program 135
2.1.3.3. Project Proposals 141

REFERENCES 153

2.1.4. Woman And Family 157

2.1.4.1. Summary of the Current Situation 157
2.1.4.2. Problems and Suggested Solutions 158
2.1.4.3. Project Proposals 160

2.2. AGRICULTURE 167

2.2.1. Soil and Water Resources 168

2.2.1.1. Summary of the Current Situation 168
2.2.1.2. Project Proposals 169

II
2.2.2. Crop Production 183

2.2.2.1. Summary of the Current Situation 183
2.2.2.2. Master Plan of the Crop Production 183
2.2.2.3. Project Proposals 188

2.2.3. Animal Husbandry 193

2.2.3.1. Summary of the Current Situation 193
2.2.3.2. Problems and the Instruments for Solution 195
2.2.3.3. Ongoing Projects 197
2.2.3.4. Project Proposals 198

2.2.4. Fisheries 206

2.2.4.1. Summary of the Current Situation 206
2.2.4.2. Project Proposals 206

2.2.5. EAP Agricultural Research and Farmers(cid:146) Training Services 212

2.2.6. Forestry 214

2.2.6.1. Summary of the Current Situation 214
2.2.6.2. Project Proposals 215

2.2.7. Agricultural Projects Under Feasibility Study 218

2.3. INDUSTRY 235

2.3.1. Manufacturing Industry 239

2.3.1.1. Summary of the Current Situation 239
2.3.1.2. Attraction Centers Policy 242
2.3.1.3. Local Organization in Economic Development 248
2.3.1.4. Government Aid (Incentives) 256
2.3.1.5. Organized Industrial Zones (OIZ) 262
2.3.1.6. Small Industrial Sites (SIS) 265
2.3.1.7. Industrial Concentration and Its Meaning 267
2.3.1.8. Export to Neighbourhood Countries: Present Situation
and Potential 268
2.3.1.9. Financing the Industrial Development 272
2.3.1.10. Projects in the Investment Programs 274
2.3.1.11. Half-finished, Partly Operating or Never Operated
Investments 274
2.3.1.12. Project Proposals For the Manufacturing Industry 276
2.3.1.13. Proposed Additional Manufacturing Industry Projects
Under Feasibility Study 291

III
APPENDIX: Alternative EDA Upper Management Model and Necessary
Functions and Authorities of the EDA 293

2.3.2. Mining 297

2.3.2.1. Summary of the Current Situation 297
2.3.2.2. Mining Master Plan 297
2.3.2.3. Summary of Project Proposals 300

2.3.3. Handicrafts 307

2.3.3.1. Summary of the Current Situation 307
2.3.3.2. Handicraft Varieties and Its Development Possibilities 307
2.3.3.3. Supporting Handicrafts 310
2.3.3.4. Project Proposals 311

2.4. ENERGY 317

2.4.1. Summary of Current Situation 317
2.4.2. Determination of the Basıc Development Strategy 319
2.4.3. Production and Consumption Projections for the Region 319
2.4.4. Investment Programs 321
2.4.5. Geothermal Energy and Lignite Production 326
2.4.6. Natural Gas Pipelines 326
2.4.7. Abstract 327

REFERENCES 328

2.5. TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION 329

2.5.1. Transportation 333

2.5.1.1. Summary of the Current Situation 333
2.5.1.2. Targets and Strategies 342
2.5.1.3. Transport Decision of the Master Plan 345
2.5.1.4. Implementation Stages of the Plan Decisions 352

2.5.2. Communication 361

2.5.2.1. Summary of the Current Situation 361
2.5.2.2. Proposed Projects 363
2.5.2.3. Summary of the Proposed Projects 367

REFERENCES 372

IV
2.6. TRADE AND CONSTRUCTION 373

2.6.1. Wholesale and Retail Trade Industry 377

2.6.1.1. Summary of the Current Situation 377
2.6.1.2. Macro Targets 380
2.6.1.3. Public Sector Activities and Projects 380
2.6.1.4. Private Sector Activities and Projects 386
2.6.1.5. Implementation of Trade Sector Projects 393

2.6.2. Construction Sector 401

2.6.2.1. Summary of the Current Situation 401
2.6.2.2. Macro Targets 405
2.6.2.3. Construction Sector Demand 407
2.6.2.4. Construction Sector Activities and Projects 409
2.6.2.5. Implementation Construction Sector Projects 412

2.7. TOURISM AND CULTURE 417

2.7.1. Summary of the Current Situation 417
2.7.2. Strategies for Improving the Tourism 418
2.7.3. Tourism Master Plan 418

2.7.3.1. Van Tourism Development Region, the Mount Ararat
Tourism Project 418
2.7.3.2. Malatya Tourism Development Area 423
2.7.3.3. Erzurum Tourism Development Project 426
2.7.3.4. On-road Resting Facilities 433
2.7.3.5. Preserving Historical Heritage and Cultural Assets 434

2.7.4. Cultural Activities 436
2.7.5. Cost and Employment Possibilities of the Proposed New Projects 440
2.7.6. Summary of the Proposed Projects With Respect to Development
Regions 443

APPENDIX 2.7.1: Tourism Potential in the Provinces According to the
Provincial Tourism Inventory and Tourism Development
Plan Prepared by the Ministry of Tourism 448

REFERENCES 493

2.8. SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT 495

2.8.1. Urban Development 499

2.8.1.1. Summary of the Current Situation 500
2.8.1.2. Bottlenecks and Suggestions 501
V
2.8.1.3. Laws and Regulations to Overcome Urban Bottlenecks 510
2.8.1.4. Special Suggestions for the EAP Region 514
2.8.1.5. Issues and Projects That Have Priority 517

REFERENCES 525

2.8.2. Rural Development 533

2.8.2.1. Summary of the Current Situation 534
2.8.2.2. Proposed Rural Settlement Order 538
2.8.2.3. Rural Infrastructure 540
2.8.2.4. Rural Houses 543
2.8.2.5. Creation of New Employment Opportunities 543
2.8.2.6. Project Proposals 543

2.9. ENVIRONMENT 563

2.9.1. Summary of Current Situation 563
2.9.2. Environmental Master Plan 565

2.9.2.1. Environmental Management 565
2.9.2.2. Preventing Air Pollution 566
2.9.2.3. Solid Waste Plan 569
2.9.2.4. Flora-Fauna and Sensitive Areas 577
2.9.2.5. Water Pollution 581

2.9.3. Proposals for Sustainable Development 596
2.9.4. Summary of Ongoing Projects in Environment Sector and
Investments 597

REFERENCES 600

2.10. FINANCIAL STRUCTURE, BANKING AND POSSIBLE
FUNDING SOURCES 605

2.10.1. Summary of the Current Situation 606
2.10.2. Limiting Factors and Suggested Solutions 609
2.10.3. European Union (EU) Funds 613
2.10.4. Regional Savings and the Possibility to Finance Private Sector
Investments From These Savings 614
2.10.5. Financing by the Regional Development Bank 615
2.10.6. Limiting Factors and Summary Proposals 616

VI
TABLES

Page

Table 1.2.1: Annual Average Growth Rates of Gross Domestic Product (%) 044
Table 1.2.2: Income and Population in the EAP Region 045
Table 1.2.3: Sub-regions, Scenarios and Sectoral Employment by Year 047
Table 1.2.4: Total Investments in the EAP Region 049
Table 1.2.5: Total Investments by Sub-region, Period and Scenario 049
Table 1.2.6: Public Investments by Period 050
Table 1.2.7: Private Sector Investments by Period and Scenario 051
Table 1.2.8: Investments in Proportion to Gross Regional Product in the
EAP Region 053
Table 1.2.9: Characteristics of Fixed Capital Investments (FCI) in Turkey 053
Table 1.2.10: Investments in the EAP Region in the Year 2000 Investment
Program 055
Table 1.2.11: Income and Population in the Sub-regions 067
Table 1.2.12: Employment Growth by Sub-region, Scenario and Period 068
Table 2.1.1.1: In, Out and Net Migration Rate in EAP Region 079
Table 2.1.1.2: Change of Population Growth Rates in Sub-Region 080
Table 2.1.1.3: Total Population Growth Rates in the EAP Region 081
Table 2.1.1.4: Population Projections of Provinces in the EAP Region 082
Table 2.1.1.5: Proportion of Sub-Region Population to EAP Total Population 083
Table 2.1.1.6: Urban and Rural Population Projections by Provinces
and Districts 084
Table 2.1.1.7: Urban Population of Districts with 20.000 and Over in 1997 and 2020 088
Table 2.1.1.8: Comparison of Urban Population of Districts with 20.000 and Over in
1997 and 2020 089
Table 2.1.1.9: Distribution of Employment by Economic Branches in
EAP Region 091
Table 2.1.1.10: Distribution of Employment by Sub-Regions According to A1

Scenario in EAP Region 092
Table 2.1.1.11: Employment in Public Sector in EAP Region According to
A1 Growth Scenario 092
Table 2.1.1.12: Strategies to be Implemented in Population Sector 094
Table 2.1.2.1: The Projects that are in Progress for the Secondary Education
in the Provinces in EAP Region 099
Table 2.1.2.2: The Ongoing Projects of Atat(cid:252)rk University 101
Table 2.1.2.3: The Ongoing Projects of Fırat University 102
Table 2.1.2.4: The Ongoing Projects of İn(cid:246)n(cid:252) University 103
Table 2.1.2.5: The Ongoing Projects of Y(cid:252)z(cid:252)nc(cid:252) Yıl University 104
Table 2.1.2.6: The Ongoing Projects of Kafkas University 105
Table 2.1.2.7: The Need of Education School in the EAP Region in 1999-2000
Education Year 108

VII
Table 2.1.2.8: The Number of Required Primary Education School (with 8
classrooms) For Provinces of Eastern Anatolia Region
According to the Population at Primary Education Age in the
period of 2000-2020. 109
Table 2.1.2.9: The Estimated Cost of Schools with 8 Classrooms that are
Necessary for the Primary Education Students 110
Table 2.1.2.10: Strategies to be Implemented in Private Education 111
Table 2.1.2.11: Investment Estimates of Education Research Centers of
Eastern Anatolian Region 115
Table 2.1.2.12: Elazığ in-service Education Institute 118
Table 2.1.2.13: Strategies to be Implemented in Pre-school Education 120
Table 2.1.2.14: Strategies to be Implemented in Primary Education Level 121
Table 2.1.2.15: Strategies to be Implemented in Female Children(cid:146)s Education 122
Table 2.1.2.16: Strategies to be Implemented in Vocational and Technical
Education 122
Table 2.1.2.17: Strategies to be Implemented in Higher Education 123
Table 2.1.2.18: Strategies to be Implemented in Improving Apprenticeship
and Informal Education 124
Table 2.1.2.19: Strategies to be Implemented in Private Education 124
Table 2.1.2.20: Strategies to be Implemented in In-service Education 125
Table 2.1.3.1: Change in the Fertility and Infant-Mortality In the Eastern
Anatolian Region and Turkey for Years 131
Table 2.1.3.2: Comparison of the EAP Region with Turkey with Respect to
Some Health Indicators 133
Table 2.1.3.3: Distribution of Projects in the 2000 Investment Program by
According to Sub-region 136
Table 2.1.3.4: Projects in the 2000 Investment Program 136
Table 2.1.3.5: Number of Person Per One Health Personnel In the Eastern
Anatolian Region 143
Table 2.1.3.6: Estimated Practitioner Physicion Number in the EAP Region
by Year 144
Table 2.1.3.7: Proposed Bed Numbers for the Provinces in the Eastern Anatolia
Region (Additional to the Present) 146
Table 2.1.3.8: Total Cost According to Proposed Bed Number 148
Table 2.1.3.9: Current Bed Numbers of Provinces in 1998, Total Bed
Number Proportioned with Population Growth for Reaching the
Standard of Turkey in Years After 2000 150
Table 2.1.3.10: Strategies to be Implemented in Health Industry Sector 151
Table 2.1.4.1: Summary of Woman and Family Project 162
Table 2.1.4.2: Strategies to be Implemented in Woman and Family Sector 163
Table 2.2.1: Irrigation Projects In the Investment Program 173
Table 2.2.2: New Irrigation Projects Proposed 176
Table 2.2.3: Present and Future Design of Farm Crops in the EAP 184
Table 2.2.4: Present and Future Crop Production Quantities in the EAP region 186
Table 2.2.5: Projection of Pastures-Meadows, Fodder and Forage Crops in
EAP Region 186
Table 2.2.6: Projection of Caged Trout Raising in Water Basins of the
EAP Region 207
VIII
Table 2.2.7: Projection of Fish Raising in Water Basins of the EAP 209
Table 2.2.8: Agricultural Sector Under Feasibility Study 219
Table 2.2.9: Strategies to be Implemented in Soil and Water Resources Sector 220
Table 2.2.10: Strategies to be Implemented in Crop Production Sector 222
Table 2.2.11: Strategies to be Implemented in Animal Husbandry Sector 227
Table 2.2.12: Strategies to be Implemented in Fishery Sector 230
Table 2.2.13: Strategies to be Implemented in Forestry Sector 232
Table 2.3.1.1: Government Aid to the EAP Region Compared to Overall
Turkey by Various Indicators 258
Table 2.3.1.2: Government Aid In Investments 258
Table 2.3.1.3: Organized Industrial Zones in 2000 Investment Program in
EAP Region 264
Table 2.3.1.4: Small Industrial Sites in 2000 Investment Program in
EAP Region 266
Table 2.3.1.5: Number of Manufacturing Enterprises in the EAP Region(cid:146)s
Provinces 270
Table 2.3.1.6: Concentration (Location) Coefficients In Manufacturing Industry
In the EAP Region by Province 271
Table 2.3.1.7: Problematic Private Sector Enterprises In the EAP Region
(Number of Units As of 1996) 276
Table 2.3.1.8: Summary Table of Project Proposals of Manufacturing Industry
in EAP Region 291
Table 2.3.1.9: Proposed Additional Manufacturing Industry Projects Under
Feasibility Study 292
Table 2.3.1.10: Strategies to be Implemented in Manufacturing Industry Sector 294
Table 2.3.2.1: Projects In the Year 2000 Investment Program 301
Table 2.3.2.2a: Proposed New Projects 301
Table 2.3.2.2b: Proposed New Projects 302
Table 2.3.2.2c: Proposed New Projects 302
Table 2.3.2.2d: Proposed New Projects 303
Table 2.3.2.2e: Proposed New Projects 303
Table 2.3.2.3: Strategies to be Implemented in Mining Sector 304
Table 2.3.3.1: Summary of Handicraft Project 313
Table 2.3.3.2: Handicraft Projects Under Feasibility Study 313
Table 2.3.3.3: Handicraft Strategies 314
Table 2.4.1: Primary Energy Production and Consumption In Turkey and
EAP Region - 1966 318
Table 2.4.2: Projection of Primary Energy Demand of Turkey 320
Table 2.4.3: Projection of Primary Energy Demand of the EAP Region 320
Table 2.4.4: Production Projection of Primary Energy Resources of
EAP Region 321
Table 2.4.5: Consumption Projection of Primary Energy Resources of
EAP Region 321
Table 2.4.6: Energy Consumption with the Figures of the Year 1995 in the
Company Duty Distribution Regions within the Scope of the
EAP Provinces 322

IX