East-West Scientific Co-operation: Science and Technology Policy of the Baltic States and International Co-operation PDF
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East-West Scientific Co-operation Science and Technology Policy of the Baltic States and International Co-operation NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and Physical Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers D Behavioural and Social Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Bertin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo I Global Environmental Change PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1. Disarmament Technologies Kluwer Academic Publishers 2. Environment Springer-Verlag / Kluwer Academic Publishers 3. High Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers 4. Science and Technology Polley Kluwer Academic Publishers 5. Computer Networking Kluwer Academic Publishers The Partnership Sub-Series incorporates activities undertaken in collaboration with NA TO's Cooperation Partners, the countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe, in Priority Areas of concern to those countries. NATO-PCO-DATA BASE The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to more than 50000 contributions from international scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATo-PCo-DATA BASE is possible in two ways: - via online FILE 128 (NATO-PCo-DAT A BASE) hosted by ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 1-00044 Frascati, Italy. - via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DATA BASE" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French and German (© WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member of the Board of Publishers or through NATO PCO, Overijse, Belgium. Series 4: Science and Technology Polley - Vol. 15 East-West Scientific Co-operation Science and Technology Policy of the Baltic States and International Co-operation edited by Kazimiera Prunskiene Lithuanian European Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania and Elmar Altvater Free University, Berlin, Germany Springer Science+Business Media, BV. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Science and Technology Policy of the Baltic States and International Co-operation Vilnius, Lithuania October 3-6, 1996 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 978-94-010-6365-4 ISBN 978-94-011-5612-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5612-7 Printed an acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved © 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1997 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ....................................................................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1 THE MECHANISMS OF REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION IN THE SPHERES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Kazimiera Prunskiene .......•..•..•......•.......•.•.•.....•.•..•....•..•.....•..•.....•.......•..•.••........•.•.....•.••....•.•.....•...•...•.•........ 7 INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Elmar Altvater ............................................................................................................................................... 15 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL POLICIES OF THE BALTIC STATES INTERNATIONAL CO OPERATION Mindaugas Stankevifus ...•..•.••....•.••.•......•.••..•.•..•........•••.••.............•............•••.........................•......•............... 29 THE INTEGRATION PROBLEMS OF THE BALTIC STATES: POSSIBILITIES FOR THE FORMATION OF A UNIFIED TECHNOLOGICAL, ECONOMICAL, AND SOCIAL SPACE Borisas Melnikas ..........•.............•..•..•..•..•.......•................•..•..•..•..••.........•..•.........•..........•...••..•...•.................. 33 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGICAL POLICY IN LITHUANIA AND POSSIBILITIES FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW METHODS Asta Lapinskiene ......................................................................................................................................... 53 STRA TEGIC 1M PLICA TIONS FOR THE INTERACTION BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY: The case of the countries in transition Klaus-Heinrich Standke ........•......••...••..•.••.........••.........•...•.............•........•..••.....•••••..•••.•...•..•..............•........ 55 ON ECONOMIC CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORM A TION IN CENTRALEASTERN EUROPE Arndt Hopfmann ......•..•.•..•.........................................•.........................................•..•..................................... 87 POSSIBLE FORMS OF CO-OPERATION IN ENERGY POLICIES BETWEEN WESTERN AND BALTIC COUNTRIES Lutz Mez ........•.......•.......•..•..........•.......••••..•..........•.....•.....•..•.....................•................................................... 93 INTERNA TlONAL COOPERATION IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES. The Case of Western Europe and the Baltic States Erika Schwefel ............•..•..•..................•••••...........................•...•..•............•••...•...•.....•.........•...•..................... 107 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL POTENTIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELORUS AND POSSIBILITIES OF CO-OPERATION WITH THE BALTIC AND WEST EUROPEAN STATES V. Rusakevich .....•.......•........•....•.•.•.••.•••..••••.....•..•..•......•..•..••.•..•............•.....•..•........•................................... 119 v vi UTILIZATION OF THE LA TEST TECHNOLOGIES FOR WORKING OUT METHODS OF INFORMA TION WARFARE AND ITS POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES V.D. Nozdratchov ........................................................................................................................................ 125 POSSIBLE TRENDS OF TERRORISM DEVELOPMENT CAUSED BY SPREAD OF NON-FATAL WEAPONS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF DOUBLE APPLICATION: PROBLEMS OF JOINT CONTROL V.D. Nozdratchov ........................................................................................................................................ 129 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL POLICY IN THE UKRAINE: EUROPEAN AND REGIONAL ASPECTS Nykola Baltazhi ........................................................................................................................................... 133 DYNAMICS OF SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELORUS AND THE PROBLEM OF BRAIN DRAIN: SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM TRENDS Leonid Zaiko ................................................................................................................................................ 141 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CO-OPERATION: THE ROLE OF THE U.S. OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH EUROPE Stuart J.D. Schwartzstein ........................................................................................................................... 145 Index ............................................................................................................................................................. 149 List of Contributors KAZIMIERA PRUNSKlENE Former Prime Minister of the Republic of Lithuania President of The Lithuanian-European Institute Vilniaus St. 45-13, 2001 Vilnius, Lithuania PROF. DR. ELMARALTVATER Free University of Berlin, Department of Political Science Ihnestr. 21, D-14I95 Berlin, Germany MR. MINDAUGAS STANKEVIEIUS Prime Minister of the Republic of Lithuania MR. V. RUSAKEVICH Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic ofBelorus PROF. DR. BORISAS MELNIKAS Vilnius Gedirninas Technical University SauH!tekio AI. 11,2600 Vilnius, Lithuania DR. ASTA LAPINSKlENE Klaipeda University DR. KLAUS-HEINRICH STANDKE President of Intemationale Akademie Schloss Baruth Taubchenstrasse 1, D-I4I63 Berlin (Zehlendorf), Germany DR. .ARNDT HOPFMANN Free University of Berlin Ihnestr. 21, D-14I95 Berlin, Germany LEONID F: ZAIKO Director of the Institute ofIndependent Research, NCSI "East -West" Minsk, Republic of Belarus V.D. NOZDRATCHOV President, Jupiter Stock Company Krestovskij Pr.9, P.O. Box 934, 197042 Saint Petersburg, Russia vii viii ERIKA SCHWEFEL GESIS Schiffbauer Damm 19, D-l 0 11 7 Berlin, Germany DR. LUTZMEZ Free University of Berlin Schwendener Str. 53, D-14195 Berlin, Germany DR. NYKOLA BALTAZHI Counsellor of the Embassy of the Republic of Ukraine in Lithuania MR. STUART J.D. SCHWARTZSTEIN US Office of Naval Research Europe Edison House,223/231 Old Marylebone Road,London NWl, United Kingdom INTRODUCTION Science and Technology Policy of the Baltic States and International Co-operation NATO SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM OCTOBER 3-6,1996, VILNIUS This workshop was attended by approximately 40 of the 70 participants who had applied for inscription and temporarily took part in the workshop's deliberations. The 20 key speakers, which prepared presentations, came from Lithuania (5), Latvia (1), Estonia (1), Belorus (2), Russia (1), Ukraine (1), the USA (2), France (1), and Germany (6). Some of the texts of the presentations were distributed in advance. The working languages of the workshop were Lithuanian, Russian, and English. The State of Science and Technology in the Baltic Region The topics discussed were science and technology policy of the Baltic States and other former Soviet Union countries, and co-operation with the West. Some reports gave and overview of the science and technology potential of the concerned states and on science and technology policy performed by the governments after independence more than five years ago. Others attempted to assess science and technology and the potential for future economic and social development. It is a common feature of all former Soviet Union countries that the past is a heavy heritage other to centralisation of the scientific personnel, separation of research from teaching activities at universities, a concentration of certain branches of technology in different parts of the former Soviet Union, so that the newly independent Baltic States dispose on a heavily one-sided technology and science potential. Lithuania, for instance, inherited large parts of the electronics industry of the former Soviet Union. But, since industrial production after independence declined, the necessary linkages between industrial production and the sector of technology and science have been cut, so that it is now rather difficult to revitalise the technological potential. It is also a problem that the financial crises of the newly independent Baltic States does not allow supporting universities and R + D institutions, may they be publicly or privately organised. The speakers had mentioned, that the S+ T priorities, formulated by the governments, are not supported enough by the evaluation of the international market and real possibilities for entering into it. K. Prunskiene and E. Altvater (eds.), East-West Scientific Co-operation, 1-5. © 1997 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
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