East Central European Foreign Policy Identity in Perspective: Back to Europe and the EU’s Neighbourhood PDF
Preview East Central European Foreign Policy Identity in Perspective: Back to Europe and the EU’s Neighbourhood
East Central European Foreign Policy Identity in Perspective Back to Europe and the EU’s Neighbourhood ElsA Tulmets East Central European Foreign Policy Identity in Perspective This page intentionally left blank East Central European Foreign Policy Identity in Perspective Back to Europe and the EU’s Neighbourhood Elsa Tulmets MarieCurieResearchFellow,CERI,SciencesPoParis,France AssociateResearcher,InstituteofInternationalRelations(IIR),Prague ©ElsaTulmets2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-349-33195-6 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedherrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork inaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2014by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-33195-6 ISBN 978-1-137-31576-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137315762 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. Transferred to Digital Printing in 2014 To my children May they believe in the European project This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofTables x Acknowledgements xii Introduction:The‘ReturntoEurope’andtheRediscovery oftheEast 1 AsocialconstructivistapproachofIRandFPA 4 InvestigatingECEforeignpolicies:Aframework foranalysis 9 Selectionofcasesandmethodology 15 Structureofthebook 19 Part I The‘ReturntoEurope’andtheDefinitionof EastCentralEuropeanForeignPolicyRolesinthe EasternNeighbourhood Investigatingpoliticalandhistoricalidentities inforeignpolicy 21 Solidaritywithandresponsibilityforpost-communist countriesasanexpressionofpoliticaland historicalidentities 22 1 The‘ReturntoEurope’:RedefiningECEPolitical Identitiesafter1989 25 TheSovietpastasthepoliticalother 26 Onecommunistideology,severalpathways 27 TheroleofrevoltsintherelationstoMoscow 30 ForeignrelationsduringtheColdWar 32 Dissidenceandtheshapingofsymbolic metaphors 35 Thevariousmeaningsofthe‘returntoEurope’:Whatthe metaphorrevealsintermsofpoliticalidentity 40 TheEuropeanaspectofthepoliticalself 42 Thetransatlanticaspectofthe‘returntoEurope’ 62 Fromaconsensualtoaheterogeneouspolitical identity 77 Conclusion 80 vii viii Contents 2 DefiningtheHistoricalSelf 84 Theweightofanation’shistoryinthedefinition offoreignpolicyidentity 85 ThenationstatesandEurope 85 ThemeaningoftheSovietpastinforeignpolicies 95 ‘L’Unionfaitlaforce’:Reinforcingforeignpolicies withsub-regionalidentities 100 TheVisegrádGroup:Longhistoricalroots 100 TheBalticStates:Institutionalunityinstead ofacommonidentity 105 ThecountriesoftheBalkans 108 Conclusion:AhistoricalEuropeanidentityinsearch ofsub-regionalidentities 110 3 EastCentralEuropeanSolidarityandResponsibility TowardsthePost-CommunistNeighbourhood 112 Commonnormsandvaluesasthebasisofsolidarity 114 Commonhistoryasawaytoreinforcetheself andtheother 124 Sub-regionalidentities,betweensolidarity andresponsibility 139 Conclusion 140 ConclusiontoPartI:Definingnewforeignpolicy rolesafterEUandNATOaccessions 143 Part II The‘Europeanisation’ofForeignPolicy BehaviourortheReconstructionoftheSelf? Investigatingconsistencybetweenidentityandbehaviour 147 4 ParticipationinEUPoliciesasaTurninECE ForeignPolicies 151 ECEandEUpoliciesintheWesternBalkans 152 ForeignpolicybehaviourintheEasternneighbourhood 166 Conclusion 183 5 ForeignPolicyConsistencyThroughthePresidenciesof theVisegrádGroupandoftheEUCouncil 185 ThepresidenciesoftheVisegrádGroup:Commonpriorities andEuropeanisation 187 AfterEUaccession:ThenewbirthoftheVisegrádGroup 187 PreparingEUpresidenciesanddefiningforeignpolicygoals 188 Sharingexperiencewithfurtherpotentialcandidates 194 Contents ix EastCentralEuropeancountriesandthepresidenciesofthe EuropeanUnion 198 TheSlovenianpresidencyoftheEU 199 TheCzechpresidencyoftheEU 203 TheHungarianpresidencyoftheEU 208 ThePolishEUpresidency 213 Conclusion 218 6 BetweenSolidarity,ResponsibilityandInterests: AssistancePoliciesandEconomicTies 220 Bilateralassistancepolicies:Betweendemocracy promotionanddevelopment 221 Anefficientbilateralassistancewithscarcehuman andfinancialmeans 222 Acivilsocietyvivifyingforeignpolicyinthe post-communistspace 244 ParticipationinEUassistanceprogrammes 256 TAIEX 256 Twinning 259 Economicinterestsandstrategicissues 266 Conclusion 274 ConclusiontoPartII:Foreignpolicieslooking fortheirself intheEU 274 Conclusion:TheDilemmasinInterpretingForeignPolicy Identity 276 Annexes 281 Notes 286 Bibliography 288 AuthorIndex 320 SubjectIndex 322
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