Earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta) from the Imperial Palace, Tokyo

18 Pages·2000·1.3 MB·

NNaatitoinaolnal　 sSocieineoence　 MMuusesuemum
Mem ．　Natn．　Sci，　Mus ，，　Tokyo ，（35），　December　25，2000
Earthworms Annelida 01igochaeta
（ ）
，
　　　fromthe ImperialPalace Tokyo

，
By
Kotaro　Ishiz皿ka！｝　Fumio　Shishikur）aa2nd 　Mi 皿oru　Imajima3＞
，
石塚小太郎’）・宍倉文夫2｝・今島　実3）：皇居の 貧毛類
Int『oductien
　　　The　Imperia　lPalace　of　Japan　is　locate　dat　the　central　part　of　urban 　Tokyo，　occupying 　about 　L　15
milhon 　square 　meters ．　Survey　sof　flor　aand 　fauna　in　the　lmperia　lPalac　ewere 　carried　out　by　the　National
Scienc　eMuseu皿 　Tokyo　during　the　period　sfrom　1996　to　l999．　We　were 　given　a　chance 　to　study 　earth −
，
womls 　in　this　project．　Our　survey 　resulted 　in　an 　earthwonn 　collecting 　being　composed 　of　583　specimens
from　22　stations 　in　the　grounds　of　the　lmperial　Palace（Fig．1）．　Seventeen　species ，　including　fbur　new 　spe −
cies　of　the　genus　Pゐ躍 謡叨4　and 　three　indeterminabl　sepecies　wcre 　recognized 　in　total　and 　assigned 　to
four　genera　in　three　fhmilie（sMegascolecida，　eLumbricidae　and 　Moniligastrid）a．e
　　　We 　would 　lik　eto　express 　our　cordial　thanks　to　the　staff　members 　of　the　Garden　Division
，
Management 　Department　Imperia　lHousehold　Agency　fbr　their　cooperation 　in　undertaking 　the　present
， ，
・
SU 「vey
　　　The　bulk　of　the　collection ，　including　type　specimens ，　has　been　deposited　in　the　National　Science
Museum Tokyo．
，　
　　　Family　Megascolecida　eRosa，1891
　　　　Genus 劭 eretima 　Kinberg，1867
1．　劭 eretima 　agrestis （Goto ＆ Hatai 1899）
，
　　　　［Japanes　ena皿e：Hatake−mimizu ］
Perichae　taagrestis　Goto＆ Hatai，1899，　p．17，且g．7；Yamaguchi，1930，　p．5互，　fig．3．
Phere伽 a　ag厂estis：Michaelse，n1900，　p．313 ；Yamaguchi ，1962a，　p．25，　fig．10．
、4ηり〜nthas ロgre5”∫：Beddard，1900，　p．637、
ハfateri’5a　examined ，　Sts．4（12　specimens ），14（1），15（4）．
Externa’charaeters ．　Length　of　body　90−180　mm ，　width 　5．0−7，0　mm ，　with 　80−110　segments ．　Brown
1　｝S成e蹊ik高e　Hi等ig学h　校Sc　ho武o蔵l，3野−1市0−吉13祥　K寺ic北hi町jo3−−jki1iPtta1m3achi，　Musashino−shi，180−0001　Japan
　E−mail ：ika＠msh ．bigleb．ene ．jp
2）Department　of　Biology，　Nihon 　University　School　of　Medicine
　　日本大学医学部生物学教室
3）National　Scienc　eMuseum ，　Tokyo
　国立科学博物館
一
NNI工I工-EElleoetcrotniroonic　 LLiibrbarryary 　Service
NNaatitoinaolnScaieln ceSMcusieuemnce Museum
180 KetaroIshizukaF,umio Shishikur&a MinoruImajima

dorsall yT.hree pair sof spermathecal pores situated in furrows 6/718 .Genita lmarkings absent. External
markings of brown colored patch presen tventrally on segments VI-VIII .Male pores simp]e, superflcial
on segrnent XVIII, but rarely found , Female pore sjngle, mid-ventrally on segment XIV. Firs tdorsal
pore beginnin gin furrow 12f13 or 11112 .Clitellu mineludin gsegrnents XIV-XVI.
interna lcharaeters, Manicate intestin acaleca each with 7-9 diverticu laor,iginating in segment
XXVII, Genita lglands absent, Three pairs ofsperrnathecae on segrnents VIII-IX; ampulla consisting of
shovel-shaped pouch and duct ;diverticuli cmoinsisting of sausage-shaped pouch and duct,
Distrthuti onJ.apan (Kyush uS,hikoku, Honshu, Hokkaido), Korea.
2. Pheretima tu)kii Ishizuka, 1999
[Japane nsamee: Aoki-mimizu]
Pheretima aokii Ishizuka ,1999a, pp, 36-38, figs ,9-18,
Z
17

/.7a pt
N6
10Q
fi
/
Fig .1 . Map of the Imperial Palace, showing the collecting stations.
NII-Electronic Library Service
NNaatitoinaolnScaieln ceSMcusieuemnce Museum
EarthwoTmsfromtheImperialPalaoeT,okyo 181

Material sexamined, Sts ,3(3) ,4(11), 5(2) ,7(1) ,IO(1) ,11(1) ,12(7) ,15(3) ,16(6).
External charaeters, Length ofbody 60-12S mm, width 3.5--6 ,mm5, with 70-10S segments. Reddish
brown dorsall y.Two pair sof spermathecal pores situated in furrows 6/718 .Genital markings in two
larg eclusters, each consisting of several to a dozen piece sof genita lpapilla eon segrnent XVIII, Male
Female XIV, Firstdorsal beginninginfurTow
pores absent, pore single, mid-ventrally on segment pDre
12/13. Clitellu mincludin gsegrnents XIV-XVI.
Ihternal charaeters, Manicate intestina lcaeca each with 5-6 diverticula ,originating in segment
XXVII. Genita lglands consisting ofcapsulogenous glands .Two pairs ofspermathecae in segrnents VII-
VIII ;ampulla censisting of shovel-shaped pouch and duct ,frequentl ypoorly developed or lacking;
diverticulum
absent,
Distributi onJ,apan (Shikok uH,onshu: Tokyo), Korea.
3. Pheretima edoensis sp. nov,
[Japane nsamee: Edo-mimizu]
(Fig2s-.8)

1lfaterials Holetype(NSMT-An337) 2 (NSMT-An338):From
examined. and paratypes soil under
a mixed fores tof evergreen and deciduous trees, the Irnperial Palace, Tokyo, St. 2l, 22-VII-1996, cell,
by M. Imajima and K. Ishizuka, Other specimens examined: 15 exs, collected with the type series; 4 exs,
St .21, 2Cl-VIII-199 62;5 exs. St. 21, 18-IX-1997 ,the Imperia lPalace ,Tokyo.
Descriptio nH.blot)lp eL:ength ofbody 78 mm, width 3,1 mm, with 102 segments. Paratypes L:ength
of body SO-80 mm, width 2.6-3 .mm4, with 95-11O segments, Pinkis bhrown dorsall lyi,gh wthitish brown
ventrally.
External characters: Three pair sof sperrnathecal pore situated in furrows 6/718/ 9i,n ventro-lateral
sides, separated by a distanc eof ca, 113 body circumference, Genita lmarkings paired ,large circular to
oval sucker-shape; postclitel lmeadiran to line of male pores, presetal on segments XVIII-XIX (Fig s7.,
8) .Male pores simple, on medium-sized porophores, superficial on segment XVIII (Fig s7., 8), separated
by a distanc eof ca. 1/3 body circumference. Female pore single, mid-ventrally on segment XIV, First
dorsa lpore beginning in furrow 1lf12 .Seta lnumber 30-36 in segment VII, 36-42 in segment XX,
Ihternal characters: Simple intestin acaleca, paired, originating in segment XVII (Fi g9,) ,extending
anteriorly for 4-5 segrnents. Intesti nbeeginnin gfrom segrnent XIV, Genital gland paire dg,landular
rnasses, in segments XVIII-XIX (Fig .5) .Septa absent in furrows 8/9/10 ,slightly thickened in 51617/8,
slightly thickened and muscular in 10tllt12113f 1T4h,ree pair sof spermathecae in segrnents VI-IX (Figs.
4, 6); ampulla censisting of shovel-shaped pouch and short thick duct; d,iverticulu cmonsisting of circular
to oval pouch and long narrow duct, Seminal vesicles extending to dorsa llin eon segrnents XI-XII (Fig.
3) .Prostat eaxtending to segments XVII-XX (Fi g5,) ,associated with male pores.
Etymology ,The specific name refers to the old place name ofTokyo.
Remarks. Pheretima edoensis resembles P. micronaria (Got o& Hatai,1898 )i,n the feature sof the
intestin acaleca and genita lmarkings, However, it is distinguishab flreom the latte rin that: (1 )the
spermathecal pores number four pairs (vs t.hree pairs )and C2)t hdieverticulu ims presen t(v sl,acking).
Distributi oKnn.own only from the type locality,
NII-Electronic Library Service
NNaatitoinaolnScaieln ceSMcusieuemnce Museum
182
Kotaro Ishizuka, Fumio Shishikur &a Minoru Imajima
2.t.wo.:::,3s-;4ft.
4
'J･
',-･･..t3.'.t.;..L,･'.V.･.;..L･･:i:IX---- ]･ .t .. ttyt" -''r1.Sl.zJ"r/:' --'-

tt
i--..t. ---"
lta:=-'''-.:;s･t
:-.tVtts.t...'rt4..L.,"..-.....-l.t-t'-+r,:i=-t'
i'-t;tN.-t.--.n.--,.-.,.-.v--t.-"+/..-1-=-.-."-t.t":.':'a
'ls'.:vt....,'"`""''"v
4.tt-t---t-
:.."t,-l.-H.-..t-..;tttlt+LW
.-..H.,:e
gT:-･ty"l;-.-.-v-.--.',,.-IF
-'
",t-v-l--"-t---i-''ttIsf'
Sh:::...-....,,....,h:"a'
t----t-----.
,-J,,Ftt'
t,':=h."a
:li-Lc:t..t'".t--t.'f.ets
;i-ii-{･-)-L------.
''-""'t/.
-.-t;.S.'
ttt:Jttt'ei'..-:k.-,..
-"-:tst'
tt---i----''
,H.
1--:V"+.:---t.---------""'t:
''
:r,,r-.--.....--.i--.'/t -=t.L';t.ttttt
Vt.t･-t---･--+------ 7
rL.-ttt"..t -t-.la.;;)t.-
.ii"t.v+'
.-･.f.-.'gl.,,f,l;"'"iNttt',
}seii/Iif;-ftt1':' '''.1
tt
.
-･.....:--r-..,.H"'t.ttltl･:fs't`
"'i---......--..-'.t.tJt--rtt'N'lm,･-･
,,tl'rise-ii,?ll/iii:f-.-itf.
{';iilil'ii'71i'lli:2ii.r.:.-'.'i"l,I'l"(.if:r'
] g l : s a--- b c
FigS2 ,,eg';,V::`,'e:l"','X',Ai,,ig,'/,'i,,SzslZ91i/i/:'x1k1,,"V/k',,lei,'` n/,',',em""3t,,'i,:pifgi'..,ki"gi,t'fg,i 'Y,k):'le'W'･:,x/,l,dW,,,l;t,ii,,
,,},:,'t., .,. .l.rti .
. .:
4. IV5eretima heteropo d(aGoto & Hatai, 1898)
[Japane snaeme: Henjsei-mimizu]
Perichaeta heteropodo Goto & Hatai ,1898, p. 69,
Pheretim aheteropod eM:ichaelsen, 1900, p. 315;Ohfuchi, 1937 ,p. 42, figs ,4-7.
ls eXaMtned StS ･2(2), 3(8) ,4(8), 6(2) ,lo(1) ,11(s) ,12(1) ,13(2),14(10),15(33),16(6), 17(2),
Is(3)ltle[gt(e7r)il
NII-Electronic Library Service
NNaatitoinaolnScaieln ceSMcusieuemnce Museum
EarthwormsfromtheImperialPalace,Tokyo 183

External characters. Length of body 90-230 mm, width 3.5-6. 0mm, with 95-150 segments. Dull
greenish brown grey dorsall y.Four pairs of spermathecal pores situated in furrows 51617t81 9G.enital
markings paired ,circular sucker-shaped; preclitella rslightly median to line of spermathecal pores,
preseta lon segments VII-IX, variable in number and situation. Male pores simple, superficial on seg-
ment XVIII. Female pore single, mid-ventrally on segment XIV. Firs tdorsa lpore beginning in furrow
11112 .Clitellu mincludin gsegments XIV-XVI.
interna lcharacters. Simple intestin acaleca paired ,originating on segment XXVII. Genita lglands
paired, glandula rmasses, on segments VII-IX. Four pair sof spermathecae on segments VI-IX; ampulla
consisting of shovel-shaped sac and duct; diverticulu cmensisting of globula rshaped pouch and duct,
Distributio Jna.pan (Kyush uS,hikoku H,onshu), Korea.
5, Pheretima hupeiensi (sMichaelse n18,95)
[Japan enasmee: Kuso-mimizu]
Perichaeta hupeiensi sMichaelsen, 189S, p. 35, figs .11 ,12.
Pheretima hupeiens iMsi:chaelse n1,9eO ,p. 273; Chen, 1931 ,p, 122; Chen, 1933, p, 251, fig .19.
Amynthas ht")eiens Btesd:dard ,1900, p. 646 ; Easton, 1981, p. 53.
Material sexamined. St, 16(4),
1ixterna leharacters. Length of body 70-120 mm, width 3.0-3. 4mm, with 110-140 segments.
Greenish brown dorsally, Three pair sof spermathecal pere, situated in furrows 617t8/ 9.Genital mark-
ings paired ,larg ecircular to oval sucker-shape; postclitel ltao rlin eof male pores, pre- and postsetal on
segrnents XVII and XIX. Male pores simple, on medium-sized porophores, superficial on segment XVIII,
Female pore single, mid-ventrally on segment XIV. First dorsa lpore beginning in furrow 11/12.
Ihternal characters. Simple intesti ncaaelca paired ,originating in segment XVII. Genita lglands
paired ,glandula rmasses, on segments XVII and XIX. Three pair sof spermathecae on segments VII-IX;
ampulla consisting of convoluted tube pouch and duct ;diverticul cuonmsisting of long convoluted tube
and duct.
Distributi onJ.apan (Okinaw aK,yushu, Shikoku ,Honshu, Hokkaide), China, Korea,
6. Pheretima irragular (isGet e& Hatai, 1898)
[Japan enasmee: Fukisoku-mimizu]
Perichaeta irregular iGsoto & Hatai, 1899, p. 13.
Pheretima irregulari sO:hfuchi ,1938a, p. 1, figs .1-16 ; Ohfuchi, 1939, p. 81, figs .1-4; Kobayashi, 1938, p. 110;
Yamaguchi, 1962b, p, 17,
Material sexamined. Sts .3(1) ,4(6), 5(3) ,6(2), 11(1), 12(2) ,15(1) ,16(1), 20(1).
Iixterna clharacters. Length ofbody 60-150 mm, width 5.0-7.0 mm, with 90-110 segments. Brown
dorsall y.Two pairs of spermathecal pores situated in furrows 6t7t8 ,Genita lmarkings paired, small pa-
pilla eshape, preseta lon segrnents VI-VIII, closely associated with sperrnathecal pores, postseta oln seg-
ments VI-VII, slightly median to lin eof spermathecal pores and occasionally lackin g; postclitel lianr
setal lin eon segrnent XVIII, Male pores simple, superficial on segment XVIII. Fernal epore single, mid-
ventrally on segment XIV. Firs tdorsa lpore beginning in furrow 12113 .C]itellu mincludin gsegments
XIV-XVI.
internai charaeters, Manicate intestin aclaeca each with 4-6 diverticu laor,iginating in segment
NII-Electronic Library Service
NNaatitoinaolnScaieln ceSMcusieuemnce Museum
184 Kotaro Ishizuka,Fumio Shishikur&a Minoru Imajima

XXVII, Genital glands consisting of capsulogenous glands .Two pair sof spermathecae on segments
VII-VIII ;ampulla consisting of shovel-shaped pouch and duct; diverticulu cronnsisting of guinea pepper-
duct,
shape pouch and
DistributioJna.pan(Kyushu, Shikoku,Honshu, Hokkaido),

7. Pheretimui (Beddar1d8,92)
,nasatakae
[Japane nsaeme: Futatsuboshi-mimizu]
Perichaeta masatakae Beddard, 1892, p. 761.
Pheretim amasatakae: Michaelse n,1900 ,p. 282; Ohfuchi ,1938b ,p. 62, fig s6., 7.
AmynthcLs ,nasatakae: Beddard ,1900 ,p, 632.
Material sexamined. St ,16 (9).
External characters. Length of body 190-260 mm, width 5.5-6. 8mm, with 110-120 segrnents.
Brown dorsall yT,wo pairs ofspermathecal pores situated in furrow s7/8/9 .Genita mlarkings paired ,cir-
cular sucker-shape; preclitel lcalorsely associated with spermathecal pores p,ostset oanl segments VII-IX;
postclitella rclosely associated with male pores ,preseta lon segrnent XVIII, Male pores simple, on rne-
dium-sized porophores ,superficial on segment XVIII, Female pore single, mid-ventrally on segrnent
XIV. Firs tdorsa lpore beginning in furrow 12113 ,Clitellu mincludin gsegments XIV-XVI.
interna lcharacters. Serrat eintestin acaleca, paired ,originating in segrnent XXVII. Genital glands
consisting ofcapsulogenous glands .Two pairs of spermathecae on segrnents VIII-IX. Ampulla consist-
ing of shovel-shaped pouch and short duct ; diverticulu mconsisting ef convoluted tube and duct,
Distribution .Japan (Okinaw aK,yushu, Shikeku, Honshu: Kinki, Chubu and Kanto DistTicts),
China,Korea.

8. Pheretima magascotldl'oides (Goto & Hatai ,1899)
[Japan enasmee: Norakura-mimizu ]
Perichaeta megczseolidioides Goto & Hatai ,1899, p. 21, fig .16,
Phergtima megascolidioides: Michaelse n1,900 ,p, 283 ; Ohfuchi ,1938c, p. 178 ; Song & Paik ,1971 ,p. 193 ,figs,
lr8.
Amynthas megascolidioides: Beddard, 1900 ,p. 622. ;Easton ,1981 ,p. 54.
Materiat sexamined. Sts .6(7) ,16 (2),
Externat characters. Length of body 150-250 mm, width 8.0-9, Omm, with 115-130 segments,
Brown dorsall y,Five pairs of spermathecal pore, situated in furrow s4/S/6171819 .Genital markings
paired ,circular sucker-shape; postcliteila irn lin ewith male pores, postsetal on segrnents XVII-XX. Male
pores simple, superficial on segment XIX. Female pore single, midventrally on segment XIV. Firs tdor-
sal pore beginning in furrow 1or13 .Clitell uimncludin gsegments XIV-XVI.
interna leharacters. Multipl eintestin acaleca paired ,originating in segment XXVII. Genita gllands
larg ep,aired, glandular masses. Five pairs of spermathecae on segments V-IX; ampulla consisting of
shovel-shaped sac and thick duct; diverticulu mconsisting of duct and convoluted tube.
Distrthutio nJ.apan (Kyush uS,hikoku, Honshu), Korea,
NII-Electronic Library Service
NNaatitoinaolnScaieln ceSMcusieuemnce Museum
EarthwormsfromtheImperialPalace,Tokyo 185

9. Pheretima ntgenl sap. nov,
[Japanese Kuroboku-rnimiz]u
name:
(Fig s1,0-16)
Mdteriats examined, Holotype (NSMT-An 339) :From soil under a grass yplace of evergreen and de-
ciduous trees t,he Imperial Palace ,Tokyo, St. 22, 22-VII-1996 ,coll, by K. Ishizuka.
Description .Holotype: Length of body 137 mm, width 6.4mm, with 136 segrnents. Dark brown dor-
sally, yellowis hgray ventrally,
,.rw
-t
-･,'･ALF,10 11 12
P}l.a ' 'tsjt/.."t.

.i l･z: -, .. I:i;t.
'hst .--.
tItt'.'..t. ･.-t.It, ':/. .,tt1t'-i,:-/:v.･ '/ ...I Lt/,tl L t/,'".xt;/ :L 'I.. ..'l[. 'ttti. 'i1.-,t･ -'"'i;i-
:i . : .-"ttt' tt' t.tttttt: .t -t:rrg, '/.. tl: i,'..t:'l. .t,it i t t.t.,t ' ttt/'t.tp't/tt'.t7l.:t]tt1t:,t.- ･#,, Ji -' . - i V '* '-.s -. i- 'lC '".['it '. S'x'S'

' '.",-.-･･lt" i .7',
r.. . - --,. g/'ff,'t:';1'.l':.iNSrs.
"silt'
.....:
:
t-:..'
t'tg"'･t,1',.t,･-ttLI!'Spt
-d･F:.L･.---,........
-t--･,
- .... ...
ll･:!lgll･-･-･=･?t
i;, ･･.･
;//,..,.m. . 2:....///''1
,J ''-s- . ･･･,,il･..-i

.t+)...,-...-.
･.u
-s,gts.:,:.i-//,
l.Sy ,.t.' 1.L..ih'x.. e'･i-"+. -,,-----.･.
t' '""' ' ,.tuv 16
tL. .. - : :r /'''"trt:･i:l://-t1.i5 ,
tL-Lh.-..u --' Ln tt'tf' t.t/ttttttttttrt.tt,tt.tttttt"tFtt"t./t.t//t.
.-･-･-7,,1,rt: /l,.gi.il;'L.i-i-1.･'--:"-?'･'-i･i'th･

/-'r'S"' t.ttipt
i
/r･ t . ' ?lt lt.tk. )l;d･i--'･･,..X/ktas･-"i
I/i:i'I''t

;'i
i'
ge t ･･::/ -･- t ttttttt/!ttt'l.rttLl.'t'tptat..a-t
J.ll....1/1:.f,:--.i: -L･:..LJ.,
tw=i-.--,-i･,]･b-;fttl,l.Ll
. vf--b...
I ,.i, i....I...,-;.,i#; .'"L'...'.t'sl,c
Figs.10-1 6,Pherettna nigella sp. nov, Holotype, NSMT-AN-339, 10 .Anterio rbody, venrral view.
1 1 , Testes and seminal vesicles, dorsal view. 12. Spermathecae and genita lglands (glandu lmaassres).
13. Prostate gland with a duct and genita lglands (glandu lmaasrses). 14. Intestina lcaecum.
15. Segrnents XVI-XVIII, latera lview. 16 .Male pores and genita lmarkings on segrnents XVII-
XVIII ,(Sca lbears-a: 1 mm for 10, b: 1 mm for 11-14, c: 1 mm for 15,16 )
NII-Electronic Library Service
NNaatitoinaolnScaieln ceSMcusieuemnce Museum
186 KQtaro IshizukaF,umio Shishikura& Minoru Imajirna

lixtern aclharacters: Four pair sof spermathecal pores situated in furrows 516/7/8 /i9n ventro-lateral
sides, separated by a distanc eofca, l13 bedy circumference. Genital markings (Fig.1 0pa)ired, circular
sucker-shaped; preclitel lslairghtly median to lin eof spermathecal pores, presetal on segment VIII, closely
associated with spermathecal pores ,postseta oln segments VI-VIII ;postclitel iian rlin ewith male peres,
postseta oln segment XVII (Fig s15, ,16) ,Male pores simple, superficial on segrnent XVIII (Fig s1.5, 16),
separated by a distanc eof ca. 1/3 body circumference. Female pore single, mid-ventrally on segment
XIV. Firs tdorsa lpore beginning sin furrow 12113, Clitellu mincludin gsegments XIV-XVI. Seta lnum-
ber 34 in segrnent VII, 43 in segment XX,
interna clharacters: Serrat eintestin caaelca, paired, originating in segment XXVII (Fi gI.4) ,extend-
ing anterierly for 4 segrnents, Intestine beginnin gfrom segment XV. Genita lgland spaired ,glandular
masses (duc tpsresent )o,n segments VI-IX and XVIII (Fi g1.2) .Septa absent in furrows 8/9110 ,very
thickened and muscular in furrows 5/6/7/ a8nd IO/11/12/131 14F.our pairs ofspermathecae on segments
VI-IX (Fi g1.2) ;ampulla consisting ofshovel-shaped sac and duct ;diverticulu ambsent. Seminal vesicles,
extending on segments XI-XII (Fi g1 ,1) ,Prostata e,xtending in segments XVII-XIX (Fi gI.3) ,ducts cor-
responding to male pores,
Etymology. The specific name i sderive dfrom the Latin nigellus meaning blackis hwhich refers to the
darkbrown dorsum.

Remarks. Pheretima nigella resembles P. divergen (sMichael s1e8n92,) ,in the feature osf the intesti-
nal caeca and genital markings, However, P. nigella is distinguishab] efrom the Iatte rin that: (1 )the
diverticulu ims absent (vs ,present) and (2 )the genital rnarkings are present at the preseta oln segment
VIII (v so.n segrnents V-VIII).
Distrthution .Known only from the type ]ocality.
10. [JIaVkeretima oete Ishizuka ,2000
panese name: Hachinoji-mimizu ]
Pheretima octo Ishizuka, 2000, pp, 31-32 ,figs,81-89,
.Material sexaminea Sts, 4(2), 6(4), 11(6) ,12(4), 13(1) ,15(4) ,16(3) ,18(2) ,19(2) ,20(3) ,21(7).
Externa lcharacters, Length ofbody 70-iOO mm, width 3,O-4. 0mm, with 80-110 segments. Brown
dorsall y.Four pairs of spermathecal pore situated in furrows 5161718/ 9G,enita lmarkings paired, circular
sucker-shape; postclitel lparreseta lon segment XVII, in contact with the male pores in 8-shape .Male
pores on sucker-shape porophores ,superficial on segrnent XVIII, Female pore single, mid-ventrally on
segrnent XIV. Firs tdorsa lpore beginnin gin furrow 12/13,
internal eharacters. Simple intestina lcaeca paired ,originating in segment XVII, Genita lglands
paired ,glandula rmasses, on segrnent XVIII, Four pair sof spermathecae in segrnents VI-IX; ampulla
consisting of shovcl-shaped pouch and short, stout duct ;diverticulu ambsent,
DistrthutioJna,pan(Tokyo).

11 , Pheretimaparvul asp. nov,
[Japan enasmee: Chicchi-mimizu]
(Fig1s7.-24)

Materiat sexamineal Holotype (NSMT-An 340) and 2 paratype s(NSMT-An 341) :From soil under
a mixed fores tof evergreen and deciduous trees ,The Imperia lPalace ,Tokyo, St .16 ,22-VII-l996 ,coll.
NII-Electronic Library Service
NNaatitoinaolnScaieln ceSMcusieuemnce Museum
EarthwormsfromtheImperiaPlalaceT,okyo I87

'series;
by M. Imajirn aand K. Ishizuka .Other specimens examined: 14 exs, collected with the type 7 exs,
St. 16, 23-VII-1996; 23 exs. Sts ,11 ,16, 20-VIII-1996 ;21 exs, St .16 ,23-VII-1997 ,the Imperia lPalaoe,
Tokyo.
Descripti onH.olotype :Length of body 46 mm, width 2.2 mrn, wjth 96 segments. Paratypes: Length
of body 45-62 rnm, width 2.2-2. 5mm, with 95-98 segments, Brown dorsaily ,ligh tbrown ventrally.
Externa lcharacters: Two pair sof spermathecal pores situated in furrow s6t7t8 in ventro-lateral sides,
and occasionally absent, variable in number, separated by a distanc eof ca. 1/3 bedy circurnference.
17,,."a-,.-,
18 19
v'--t.tb--tt'''-'-t-tt"'t
.n''t'".L-t-tt/tt
1''t""'''''':t
tttJVtt,tt./..--..tt..4t--.---.t.tt.t-/t
/-±-.-t.-.--t.-t-tt.-t'//di
',S't.,..e.,':;.'
'ttttttttt.tt-tt--..'.'r..t.
tt -t
tt,.t,,1.t.,.t..tt-t-t/tttth,t...tttt.ttAt;:t
t-tt--.
.,:t,L....,,t.:.-,...NL-
,/t.it:ttt-t-t-tt/tstt/t'/''tt't'/"rtt
.h '..
ti'=t-."dt'tt
..t'T:"','/"''''''':i:'t'/t,tt
t-.-ttt--
l.:""''''''""ts)i,.1
1'/-'.t･･L'-'-s'･-･t･,-'g..･
,--t',-'..--'....,,t.tL.,.'ll 20
t
t'l-ilt4"tt-ttt-'-/tttttt./Ttttr.t;
't"'t"'''
/tl,...-...1.!,,r"-,..t:/-",-t
:tt-t-.----L.t.･---.-,tttttt 21
Stv.tkNt..-::-,:H---.t
L./.',,.........･.nt:
..t:rErpi.:trtttttt{t//.- =T 't{t .t.i:trt-;.'/,l' 1:･t ':I -t.I/t.'tl l '' 't," lt- ''- rE '"'v/'..:･'::t "'.'.LL"]-.'''>'e's:/rlpttili,,.
': -:/ g-i'{II)t･ t-
. L, -;,,,..t't".'t't;..tit;'t.'.,s'.;,......
t r . .t Tttt ". r :,. ;f,i･
'''t`-...:'t.-.t'ttt,-,tt,.,,/."-.,-,-/.
t.,t st -. t.-t t, -. -. t... -- . ,t . . / .l
,L.,;r't:'C:':"J,'l..i;:'i@'.,.tlt.,tl.:

"t/tt.tt,ttttt/ttt.t.,-.t,..s:..=.J..,,,./.'
g
24

d
c
Figs .17-24. Pheretima parvula sp, nov. Holotype ,NSMT-AN-340 (17-2 3P)ar,atyp e,NSMT-AN-341
(24 )1,7 ,Anterio rbody, ventra[ view, 18. Spermathecae, 19. Prostateduc t2,0 .Semina lvesicles and
ovary, dersa lview, 21-23, Male pores on segment XVIII. 22. Segment XVIJI ,latera lview. 24.
Intesti ncaaelcum. (Sca lbaers-a: 1 mm for 18, b: 1 mm for 19 ,20 ,23, c: 1 mm for 21, 22, 24, d:
1 mm fbr 17)
NII-Electronic Library Service
NNaatitoinaolnScaieln ceSMcusieuemnce Museum
188 KotaroIshizuka,Fumio Shishikura& Minoru Imajima

Genita Smarkings absent (Fi g1.7), Male pores small, simple, on medium-sized porophores ,superficial on
segment XVIII (Fig s21.,22,23 )a,nd occasionally in one side separated by a distanc eof ca, lt3 body cir-
cumference or absent. Female pore single, mid-ventrally on segment XIV, Firs tdorsa lpore beginning
in furrow 12f13. Clitellum including segments XIV-XVI. Setal number SO-S8 in segment VII, 60-66 in
segment XX.
interna clharacters: Simple intesti cnaaecla paired ,eriginating in segrnent XXVII (Fig 2,4) ,extending
anteriorly for 4-5 segrnents. Intestin ebeginnin gfrom segrnent XIV. Genita lglan dabssent, Septa absent
in furrow s819tlO ,slightly delica itne furrow s5f617f a8nd 10/1lf12/13114 .Twe pairs of spermathecae in
segments VII-VIII (Fi g1.8) ,ampulla consisting ofcircular to oval pouch and duct ,but duct occpsionally
absent; diverticulu ambsent. Seminal vesicles very smal1, extending to dorsa llin eon segrnents XI-XII
(Fig .20) .Prostat aduct on segment XVIII (Fig ,19) ,corresponding to male pore, and o¢casionally ab-
sent,
Etymology .The specific name is derive dfrom Latin and means the small size of the body.
Remarks, Pheretimaparvul aresembles P. oyuensis Ohfuchi, 1937 ,in the feature softhe intestin caaleca
and genital markings, However, it is distinguishab flreom the latte irn having two pairs of spermathecal
pores (vs t,hree pairs).
Distributi onK,nown only from the type locality.
12. Pheretinm schmardne (Hors t18,83)
[Japane nsarene: Kikuchi-mimizu]
ILdegascole sxchmardue Horst, t883, p, 194,
Perichaeta schmardoe: Michaelse n1,892, p, 235,
Pheretima schmardae: Michaelse n1,900 ,p, 302; Chen, 1931, p, 125, fig s3., 4,
Amynthas schmarclae: Beddard, 1900 ,p. 619.
Metaphire schmartiae: Easton, 1981 ,p, 53,
M/aterial sexamined, Sts .2(1) ,3(1) ,4(15) ,5(5) ,7(1) ,10(3) ,11(1),
External characters. Length of body 40-1 10 mm, width 3.0-5, Omm, with 50-100 segrnents. Reddish
brown dorsal lwiyth ligh tgreenish grey setae line t,herefor ed,orsa lsurfaoe showing a banded appearanoe
and often giv oeff glos slight .Two pair sof spermathecal pores situated in furrows 7/8/9 .Genita lmark-
ings absent. Male pores simple, superficial on segrnent XVIII, within copulatory pouches .Female pore
single, mid-ventrally on segment XIV. Firs tdorsa lpore beginnin gin furro w12113 ,Clitellu mincluding
segments XIV-XVI.
interna lcharacters. Manicate intestin acaleca each with 4-6 diverticu loar,iginating in segment
XXVII, Genita lgland sabsent, Two pair sof spermathecae in segments VIII-IX; ampulla censisting of
shovel-shaped pouch and duct ;diverticulu cmensisting ofconvoluted tube and duct,
Distriblltio n,Japan (Okinaw aK,yushu, Shikoku, Honshu: Kinki ,Chubu and Kanto Districts),
China,Taiwan.

13. Pheretima setosa sp, nov,
[Japane nsarene: Sakurafuto-mimizu]
(Fig s2,5-33 ,Table 1)
Materia lexsamined, Holotype (NSMT-An 342 )and 3 paratypes (NSMT-An 343) :From soil under
NII-Electronic Library Service