Earthquakes and Volcanic Activity on Islands: History and Contemporary Perspectives from the Azores PDF
Preview Earthquakes and Volcanic Activity on Islands: History and Contemporary Perspectives from the Azores
Earthquakes and Volcanic Activity on Islands This volume examines the impact of and responses to historic earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in the Azores. Study is placed in the contexts of: the history and geography of this fascinating archipelago; progress being made in predicting future events and policies of disaster risk reduction. This is the only volume to consider the earthquake and volcanic histories of the Azores across the whole archipelago and is based, not only on contem- porary published research, but also on the detailed study of archival source materials. The authors seek to show how extreme environmental events, as expressed through eruptions, earthquakes and related processes operating in the past may be considered using both complementary scientific and social scientific perspectives in order to reveal the ways in which Azorean society has been shaped by both an isolated location in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean and the ever present threat of environmental uncertainty. Chapter 2, which analyses in depth the geology and tectonics of the islands is of more specialist interest, but technical terms are fully explained so as to widen the accessibility of this material. Figure 0.1 Furnas. Photo by Rúben Cabral. The audience for this volume includes all those who are interested in the geology, geography, history and hazard responses in the Azores. It is written, not just for the educated general reader, but for the specialist earth scientist and hazard researcher. David Chester is a graduate of the universities of Durham and Aberdeen and for many years he has carried out research on disasters, particularly those produced by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. He is currently Professor Emeritus at Liverpool Hope University and a Senior Fellow at the University of Liverpool. Angus Duncan has a degree in Geology from Durham University and a PhD in Volcanic Geology from University College London. He has worked on volcanoes in Southern Italy and then the Azores for over 45 years. He retired as Professor in Volcanology from the University of Bedfordshire in 2013 and subsequently was an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Liverpool. Rui Coutinho graduated in Geology from the University of Coimbra, ob- tained his MSc in Applied and Economic Geology from the University of Lisbon and holds a PhD in Geology specialising in volcanology from the University of the Azores. He is an Assistant Professor in the University of the Azores and a member of the Institute for Research in Volcanology and Risk Assessment (IVAR). Nicolau Wallenstein has a degree in Geology from the University of Oporto and a PhD in Geology, specialising in volcanology, from the Uni- versity of the Azores. He is currently an Assistant Professor in the University of the Azores, coordinates the MSc course in Volcanology and Geological Risks and is a member of the Institute for Research in Volcanology and Risk Assessment (IVAR). Routledge Studies in Hazards, Disaster Risk and Climate Change Series Editor: Ilan Kelman, Reader in Risk, Resilience and Global Health at the Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction (IRDR) and the Institute for Global Health (IGH), University College London (UCL) This series provides a forum for original and vibrant research. It offers con- tributions from each of these communities as well as innovative titles that examine the links between hazards, disasters and climate change, to bring these schools of thought closer together. This series promotes interdiscipli- nary scholarly work that is empirically and theoretically informed, with titles reflecting the wealth of research being undertaken in these diverse and ex- citing fields. Crisis and Emergency Management in the Arctic Navigating Complex Environments Edited by Natalia Andreassen and Odd Jarl Borch Disaster Deaths Trends, Causes and Determinants Bimal Kanti Paul Disasters and Life in Anticipation of Slow Calamity Perspectives from the Colombian Andes Reidar Staupe-Delgado The Invention of Disaster Power and Knowledge in Discourses on Hazard and Vulnerability JC Gaillard Earthquakes and Volcanic Activity on Islands History and Contemporary Perspectives from the Azores David Chester, Angus Duncan, Rui Coutinho and Nicolau Wallenstein For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge. com/Routledge-Studies-in-Hazards-Disaster-Risk-and-Climate-Change/ book-series/HDC Earthquakes and Volcanic Activity on Islands History and Contemporary Perspectives from the Azores David Chester, Angus Duncan, Rui Coutinho and Nicolau Wallenstein First published 2022 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2022 David Chester, Angus Duncan, Rui Coutinho and Nicolau Wallenstein The right of David Chester, Angus Duncan, Rui Coutinho and Nicolau Wallenstein to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-367-13678-9 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-13964-7 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-02800-7 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9780429028007 Typeset in Bembo by codeMantra Contents List of figures ix List of tables xv Preface xvii 1 The Azores and the Azoreans 1 2 The tectonic and geological background 31 3 Historical eruptions and earthquakes 60 4 Evaluation and prediction of hazards 136 5 Coping with disasters in the Azores 168 6 Conclusion: developing policies of disaster risk reduction 221 Index 251 Figures 0.1 Furnas. Photo by Rúben Cabral i 1.1 Azores: General location map 2 1.2 Potential natural vegetation (PNV) on São Miguel, Terceira and Faial. Based on Elias et al. 2016, Phytocoenolgia 46 (2), Figure 3, p. 117, Copyright permission Professor Rui Elias. Additional information from: Tutin 1953; Dias 1996 and field and air-photo research by the authors. The PNV was a concept developed by Reinhold Tüxen (1956), to describe the expected state of mature vegetation in the absence of human intervention 7 1.3 Land use of São Miguel, Terceira and Faial. Simplified from information in Anon 2007 and the field observations by the authors 14 2.1 Azores: tectonic setting adapted from Carmo et al. 2015, Figure 6.1, p. 66. Copyright permission Geological Society of London, with additions and amendments 31 2.2 Volcanoes of São Miguel and the location of historic eruptions. This figure was published in Guest et al. 1999, Figure 1, p. 2, Copyright p ermission Elsevier, with additions and amendments 39 2.3 Location map: São Jorge. This figure was published in Wallenstein et al. 2018, Figure 1, p. 166, Copyright permission Elsevier 47 2.4 Location map: Terceira. This figure was published in Zanon and Pimentel 2015, Figure 1, p. 796, Copyright Mineralogical Society of America. Additions and amendments from Gertisser et al. 2010, Figure 1c, p. 135 and other sources 48 3.1 Location of historical eruptions. Based on various sources 62 3.2 Location of the epicentres of destructive historical earthquakes. Based on information from Gaspar et al. 2015, Figure 4.3, p. 37. Copyright permission G eological Society of London 70
The list of books you might like
