Earth on the Edge: Science for a Sustainable Planet: Proceedings of the IAG General Assembly, Melbourne, Australia, June 28 - July 2, 2011 PDF
Preview Earth on the Edge: Science for a Sustainable Planet: Proceedings of the IAG General Assembly, Melbourne, Australia, June 28 - July 2, 2011
International Association of Geodesy Symposia 139 Chris Rizos Pascal Willis Editors Earth on the Edge: Science for a Sustainable Planet Proceedings of the IAG General Assembly, Melbourne, Australia, June 28 July 2, 2011 – International Association of Geodesy Symposia ChrisRizos,SeriesEditor PascalWillis,AssistantSeriesEditor Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/1345 International Association of Geodesy Symposia ChrisRizos,SeriesEditor PascalWillis,AssistantSeriesEditor Symposium101:GlobalandRegionalGeodynamics Symposium102:GlobalPositioningSystem:AnOverview Symposium103:Gravity,Gradiometry,andGravimetry Symposium104:SeaSurfaceTopographyandtheGeoid Symposium105:EarthRotationandCoordinateReferenceFrames Symposium106:DeterminationoftheGeoid:PresentandFuture Symposium107:KinematicSystemsinGeodesy,Surveying,andRemoteSensing Symposium108:ApplicationofGeodesytoEngineering Symposium109:PermanentSatelliteTrackingNetworksforGeodesyandGeodynamics Symposium110:FromMarstoGreenland:ChartingGravitywithSpaceandAirborneInstruments Symposium111:RecentGeodeticandGravimetricResearchinLatinAmerica Symposium112:GeodesyandPhysicsoftheEarth:GeodeticContributionstoGeodynamics Symposium113:GravityandGeoid Symposium114:GeodeticTheoryToday Symposium115:GPSTrendsinPreciseTerrestrial,Airborne,andSpaceborneApplications Symposium116:GlobalGravityFieldandItsTemporalVariations Symposium117:Gravity,GeoidandMarineGeodesy Symposium118:AdvancesinPositioningandReferenceFrames Symposium119:GeodesyontheMove Symposium120:TowardsanIntegratedGlobalGeodeticObservationSystem(IGGOS) Symposium121:GeodesyBeyond2000:TheChallengesoftheFirstDecade Symposium122:IVHotine-MarussiSymposiumonMathematicalGeodesy Symposium123:Gravity,GeoidandGeodynamics2000 Symposium124:VerticalReferenceSystems Symposium125:VistasforGeodesyintheNewMillennium Symposium126:SatelliteAltimetryforGeodesy,GeophysicsandOceanography Symposium127:VHotineMarussiSymposiumonMathematicalGeodesy Symposium128:AWindowontheFutureofGeodesy Symposium129:Gravity,GeoidandSpaceMissions Symposium130:DynamicPlanet-MonitoringandUnderstanding... Symposium131:GeodeticDeformationMonitoring:FromGeophysicaltoEngineeringRoles Symposium132:VIHotine-MarussiSymposiumonTheoreticalandComputationalGeodesy Symposium133:ObservingourChangingEarth Symposium134:GeodeticReferenceFrames Symposium135:Gravity,GeoidandEarthObservation Symposium136:GeodesyforPlanetEarth Symposium137:VIIHotine-MarussiSymposiumonMathematicalGeodesy Symposium138:ReferenceFramesforApplicationsinGeosciences Earth on the Edge: Science for a Sustainable Planet Proceedings of the IAG General Assembly, Melbourne, Australia, June 28 - July 2, 2011 Edited by Chris Rizos Pascal Willis 123 VolumeEditors SeriesEditor ChrisRizos ChrisRizos SchoolofSurveying SchoolofSurveying UniversityofNewSouthWales UniversityofNewSouthWales Sydney Sydney Australia Australia PascalWillis AssistantSeriesEditor Institutnationaldel’Information PascalWillis GeographiqueetForestiere Institutnationaldel’Information DirectionTechnique GeographiqueetForestiere Saint-Mande DirectionTechnique France Saint-Mande France ISSN0939-9585 ISBN978-3-642-37221-6 ISBN978-3-642-37222-3(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013956350 ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterial suppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythe purchaserofthework.Duplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsofthe CopyrightLawofthePublisher’slocation,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfrom Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violationsare liabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnot imply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsand regulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication,neither theauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmay bemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface AttheXXVGeneralAssemblyoftheInternationalUnionofGeodesyandGeophysics(IUGG), held from June 27 to July 8, 2011 in Melbourne, Australia, the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) also had its quadrennial General Assembly. The IAG co-organised and contributedtoseveralUnionSymposia,aswellastoJointSymposiawithotherAssociations. It also organisedseven symposia of its own, one dedicated to each of the four commissions and three dedicated to specific scientific issues. This volume contains the proceedingsof 13 symposia,whicharelistedbelowwiththenameoftheirassociateeditor(s): SymposiumJG01:SpaceGeodesy-basedAtmosphericRemoteSensingasaSynergisticLink betweenGeodesyandMeteorology Editors:MarceloSantos,JensWickert SymposiumJG02:ApplicationofGeodeticTechniquesinCryosphericStudies Editor:ReinhardDietrich,MattKing SymposiumJG03:HistoryofGeosciencesfromTerrestrialtoSpaceborneObservations Editor:JozsefAdàm SymposiumJG04:StructureandDeformationofPlateInteriors Editor:JohnDawson SymposiumJG05:IntegratedEarthObservingSystems Editor:MarkusRothacher SymposiumJG06:TectonicGeodesyandEarthquakes Editor:JeffFreymueller SymposiumG01:ReferenceFramesfromRegionaltoGlobalScales Editor:ZuheirAltamimi,AthanasiosDermanis,JoaoAgriaTorres SymposiumG02:MonitoringandModellingofMassDistributionandMassDisplacementsby GeodeticMethods Editors:YoichiFukuda,NicoSneeuw,FrankLemoine,RichardGross,HerbertWilmes SymposiumG03:MonitoringandModellingEarthRotation Editors:RichardGross,HaraldSchuh,OlegTitov SymposiumG04:MultisensorSystemsforEngineeringGeodesy Editors:DorotaGrejner-Brzezinska,HanjörgKutterer SymposiumG05:GeodeticImagingTechniques Editor:SandraVerhagen,XiaoliDing SymposiumG06:TowardsaUnifiedWorldHeightSystem Editors:JohannesIhde,LauraSanchez SymposiumG07:HighPrecisionGNSS Editors:UrsHugentobler,MikaelLilje,RuthNeilan The goal of Modern Geodesy is to monitor changes in a range of physical processes in the solid Earth, the atmosphere and the oceans in order to improve our understanding of this fragile, precious and stressed planet. This is an ambitious goal, but one that all geodesists can have confidence that we are making significant progress in addressing. The range of papers presented at the IAG General Assembly is testament to the ingenu- ity and hard work of scientists and engineers engaged in geodetic studies and in opera- tional geodesy. Although contributions to the so-called three pillars of geodesy—geometry, v vi Preface Earth rotation and gravity field—are clearly evident, increasingly the authors of the papers are documentingthe contributionsof ModernGeodesy to science and society in the context ofservicesandintegratedobservingsystems.Onenotesthatgeodesyisapplyingstate-of-the- art technologies (primarily, though not exclusively space-based) and methodologies to what amountsto“EarthObservation”,thatisthemonitoringinspaceandtimeofavarietyofEarth process parameters that have geometric, gravimetric or Earth rotation signatures. However, while Modern Geodesy is making enormous contributions to the geosciences as an Earth Observation science, geodesy continues to demonstrate its relevance to society in general, throughthe provisionof fundamentalreferenceframes,Earthobservingsystems andprecise positioningcapabilities. The 2011 General Assembly attracted 370 geodesists from 44 countries. There were 264 oral presentations and 217 posters made at the seven IAG Symposia and six Joint IAG Symposia. Approximately 25 % of those contributions were submitted as full papers for peerreviewandinclusionin theseproceedings.The80acceptedpapersarecontainedinthis volume. ThereareseveralcolleagueswhocontributedtothesuccessoftheIAGGeneralAssembly and should be acknowledgedhere. I am gratefulto HermannDrewes, the Secretary General oftheIAG,whocoordinatedtogetherwiththeIUGGandIAGExecutiveCommitteesandthe LocalOrganisingCommitteethevenueselection,aswellastheschedulingandorganisationof thesymposiawhichIAGledorcontributedto.MichaelSideris,thepastPresidentoftheIAG, oversawtheplanningoftheIAGGeneralAssembly.Thesymposiaconvenersandco-conveners fromtheIAGCommissions,Services,GGOSandtheInter-commissionCommitteeonTheory listed onthepreviouspagearegratefullyacknowledgedfortheselectionandorganisationof thescientificcontentofthesymposia. Pascal Willis, the IAG Symposium Series Associate Editor, guided the reviews of the submitted papers, communicated with the symposium editors and the paper reviewers, and finally acceptedthe papersthatcomprisethisvolume.I am personallyindebtedto him,for I couldnothaveputthisvolumetogetherwithouthisinvaluableassistanceandtenacity. For the first time the completereview process(papersubmission,review andacceptance) wascarriedoutelectronicallyusingthe newsubmissionwebsite createdbySpringer:http:// www.editorialmanager.com/iags. Last,butdefinitivelynotleast,Iwishtosincerelythankalltheparticipatingscientistsofall ages, and those who made oral and poster presentations, who came to Melbourneand made ourGeneralAssemblyanunqualifiedsuccess. Sydney,NSW,Australia ChrisRizos 19January2013 Contents PartI JG01:SpaceGeodesy-BasedAtmosphericRemoteSensingasaSynergistic LinkBetweenGeodesyandMeteorology Generation and Assessment of VMF1-Type Grids Using North-American NumericalWeatherModels ................................................ 3 LandonUrquhart,MarceloC.Santos,FelipeG.Nievinski,andJohannesBöhm DORIS Tropospheric Estimation at IGN: Current Strategies, GPS IntercomparisonsandPerspectives ......................................... 11 PascalWillis,OlivierBock,andYoazE.Bar-Sever TheAustralianSpaceResearchProgramProject:PlatformTechnologiesforSpace AtmosphereandClimate:ProgressandPreliminaryResults .................. 19 K.Zhang,J.Sang,C.S.Wang,J.C.Bennett,B.Carter,R.Norman,andS.Wu SimulatingGPSRadioOccultationUsing3-DRayTracing ..................... 27 R.Norman, J.LeMarshall, K.Zhang, C.S.Wang, B.A.Carter, Y.Li, andS.Gordon NearRealTimeEstimationofIntegratedWaterVapourfromGNSSObservations inHungary .............................................................. 31 Sz.Rózsa,A.Kenyeres,T.Weidinger,andA.Z.Gyöngyösi Determining the 4D Dynamics of Wet RefractivityUsing GPS Tomography intheAustralianRegion .................................................. 41 TobyManning,WitoldRohm,KefeiZhang,FabianHurter,andCarlWang ComparingGPSRadioOccultationObservationswithRadiosondeMeasurements intheAustralianRegion .................................................. 51 R.Norman,J.LeMarshall,K.Zhang,C.S.Wang,B.A.Carter,W.Rohm,T.Manning, S.Gordon,andY.Li Zenith Wet Delay Retrieval Using Two Different Techniques for the South AmericanRegionandTheirComparison ................................... 59 A.Calori,G.Colosimo,M.Crespi,F.Azpilicueta,M.Gende,C.Brunini,andM.V. Mackern Uncertainty Considerations for the Comparison of Water Vapour Derived fromRadiosondesandGNSS .............................................. 65 Sz.Rózsa vii viii Contents PartII JG02:ApplicationofGeodeticTechniquesinCryosphericStudies Mean Dynamic Ocean Topography in the Southern Ocean from GRACE andGOCEandMulti-missionAltimeterData ............................... 81 AlbertaAlbertella,RomanSavcenko,TijanaJanjic´,ReinerRummel,WolfgangBosch, andJensSchröter A Closed-LoopSimulationonRegionalModelling of GravityChangesfrom GRACE ................................................................. 89 KatrinBentelandChristianGerlach Estimationof PGRInduced Absolute GravityChangesat GreenlandGNET Stations ................................................................. 97 EmilNielsen,GabrielStrykowski,ReneForsberg,andFinnBoMadsen PartIII JG04:StructureandDeformationofPlateInteriors New Finite-Element Modelling of Subduction Processes in the Andes Using RealisticGeometries ...................................................... 105 StefanieZeumann, RekhaSharma, RenéGassmöller, ThomasJahr, andGerhardJentzsch PumpingInducedPorePressureChangesinTiltMeasurementsNearaFaultZone inMizunami,Japan ....................................................... 113 MatthiasQueitsch,GerhardJentzsch,AdelheidWeise,HiroshiIshii,andYashuiro Asai PartIV JG05:IntegratedEarthObservingSystems FutureandDevelopmentoftheEuropeanCombinedGeodeticNetworkECGN ... 121 MarkkuPoutanen,JohannesIhde,CarineBruyninx,OlivierFrancis,UllaKallio, AmbrusKenyeres,GunterLiebsch,JaakkoMäkinen,SteveShipman,JaroslavSimek, SimonWilliams,andHerbertWilmes Geocenter Coordinates from GNSS and Combined GNSS-SLR Solutions UsingSatelliteCo-locations ................................................ 129 DanielaThaller,KrzysztofSos´nica,RolfDach,AdrianJäggi,GerhardBeutler,Maria Mareyen,andBerndRichter AnalysisoftheSeaLevelChangeinNewZealand.............................. 135 R.TenzerandV.Gladkikh High Precision Deformation Monitoring at the Geodynamic Observatory Moxa/Thuringia,Germany ................................................ 141 PeterSchindler,ThomasJahr,GerhardJentzsch,andNinaKukowski PartV JG06:TectonicGeodesyandEarthquakes A Geodetic Study of the Otago Fault System of the South Island ofNewZealand ............................................................ 151 P.Denys,R.Norris,C.Pearson,andM.Denham TowardsanIntegratedModeloftheInterseismicVelocityFieldAlongtheWestern MarginofNorthAmerica ................................................. 159 C.F.Pearson,R.S.Snay,andR.McCaffrey Contents ix Land Subsidence, GroundwaterExtraction,andFlooding inBandung Basin (Indonesia) .............................................................. 167 IrwanGumilar,H.Z.Abidin,H.Andreas,T.P.Sidiq,M.Gamal,andY.Fukuda PlateBoundaryDeformationFollowingtheDecember26,2004Andaman–Sumatra EarthquakeRevealedbyGPSObservationsandSeismicMomentTensors ...... 175 SanjayK.Prajapati,P.S.Sunil,andC.D.Reddy PartVI G01:ReferenceFramesfromRegionaltoGlobalScales TheConstructionofICRF2andItsImpactontheTerrestrialReferenceFrame ... 185 D.Gordon,K.LeBail,C.Ma,D.MacMillan,S.Bolotin,andJ.Gipson EUREF’s Contribution to National, European and Global Geodetic Infrastructures ........................................................... 189 J.Ihde,H.Habrich,M.Sacher,W.Söhne,Z.Altamimi,E.Brockmann,C.Bruyninx, A.Caporali,J.Dousa,R.Fernandes,H.Hornik,A.Kenyeres,M.Lidberg,J.Mäkinen, M.Poutanen,G.Stangl,J.A.Torres,andC.Völksen ExternalEvaluationoftheTerrestrialReferenceFrame:ReportoftheTaskForce oftheIAGSub-commission1.2 ............................................ 197 X.Collilieux,Z.Altamimi,D.F.Argus,C.Boucher,A.Dermanis,B.J.Haines, T.A.Herring,C.W.Kreemer,F.G.Lemoine,C.Ma,D.S.MacMillan,J.Mäkinen, L.Métivier,J.Ries,F.N.Teferle,andX.Wu AtmosphericEffectsonVLBI-DerivedTerrestrialandCelestialReference Frames ................................................................... 203 HanaKrásná(néeSpicakova),JohannesBöhm,LuciaPlank,TobiasNilsson, andHaraldSchuh ModellingDeformationinaKinematicDatum ................................ 209 ChrisCrook ConsistentAdjustmentofCombinedTerrestrialandCelestialReference Frames ................................................................... 215 M.Seitz,P.Steigenberger,andT.Artz OntheAlternativeApproachestoITRFFormulation .......................... 223 AthanasiosDermanis Spatiotemporal Signal and Noise Analysis of GPS Position Time Series ofthePermanentStationsinChina ......................................... 231 YunzhongShenandWeiweiLi GPSCGLONASSCORSProcessing:TheAsian-PacificAPREFCase ........... 239 A.Nardo,L.Huisman,andP.J.G.Teunissen DirectVLBIObservationsofGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystemSignals ......... 247 V.Tornatore,R.Haas,S.Casey,D.Duev,S.Pogrebenko,andG.MoleraCalvés FirstGeodeticResultsfromtheAuScopeVLBINetwork ....................... 253 O.Titov,J.M.Dickey,J.E.J.Lovell,andP.M.McCulloch RealisationofaGeodeticDatumUsingaGriddedAbsoluteDeformationModel (ADM) .................................................................. 259 R.Stanaway,C.Roberts,andG.Blick
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