Early Modern Catholicism: An Anthology of Primary Sources

537 Pages·2007·5.44 MB·English

by  Robert S. Miola

Early Modern Catholicism makes available in modern spelling and punctuation
substantial Catholic contributions to literature, history, political thought, devotion,
andtheologyinthesixteenthandearlyseventeenthcenturies.Ratherthanperpetuate
theusualstereotypesandmisinformation,itprovidesafreshlookatCatholicwriting
longsuppressed,marginalized,andignored.Theanthologygivesbackvoicestothose
silencedbyprejudice,exile,persecution,ormartyrdomwhileattentiontoactualtexts
challenges conventional beliefs about the period.
Theanthologyisdividedintoeightsectionsentitledcontroversies,lives and
deaths, poetry, instructions and devotions, drama, histories, fic-
tion, and documents, and includes seventeen black and white illustrations from a
varietyofEarlyModernsources.Amongsttheselectionsaretextswhichilluminatethe
roleofwomeninrecusantcommunityandintheChurch;therichtraditionsofprayer
andmysticism;thetheologyandpoliticsofmartyrdom;theemergenceoftheCatholic
Baroque in literature andart; andthe polemicalbattles foughtwithin the Church and
againstitsenemies.EarlyModernCatholicismalsoprovidesacontextthatredefinesthe
establishedcanonsofEarlyModernEngland,includingsuchfiguresasEdmundSpenser,
JohnDonne,JohnMilton,WilliamShakespeare,andBenJonson.
1. Durante Alberti, ‘The Martyrs Picture’, 1583. The Blessed Trinity is depicted with two martyrs, St
ThomasofCanterbury(1118–70)ontheleftandStEdmundofEastAnglia(849–69)ontheright.Christ’s
bloodfallsontheBritishIslesanderuptsinflame.ThetextistheCollegemotto,Ignemvenimitterein
terram(Ihavecometobringfiretotheearth)(Luke12:49).Thepaintingformsthecentrepieceforthe
martyrfrescoesmemorializedinJohannesBaptistadeCavalleriis’EcclesiaeAnglicanaeTrophaea(1584).
SeminarianstodaystillsingtheTeDeumaroundthepaintingtohonourEnglishmartyrs.
E A R LY M O D E R N
C AT H O L I C I S M
An Anthology of Primary Sources
robert s. miola
1
3
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I record permission to reprint texts and illustrations in the Textual Notes.
Thanks first go to Thomas M. McCoog, SJ, who shared with me the resources of the
Jesuit archives on Farm Street as well as his rich knowledge of the period; and to David
Bevington, who read drafts with shrewd judgement for general concept as well as a sharp
eyefordetail.Iamgratefultomanyotherfriendsandcolleagueswhohavereadselections
or discussed the project with me over the years: Arthur Marotti, Peter Milward, SJ, Paul
Voss, R. V. Young, Gerard Kilroy, Donna B. Hamilton, Dennis Taylor, Alison Shell, and
Phebe Jensen. John W. O’Malley, SJ, Vincent Carey, D. R. Woolf, F. J. Levy, and H. R.
Woudhuysenansweredqueriesandmadehelpfulsuggestions.HeatherWolfeandLaetitia
Yeandle gave expert assistance with manuscript readings; Frank Romer carefully checked
mytranslationsofMarianaandBellarmine.GenRaffertytransformedearlymoderntexts
into modern typefaces. I am also grateful to my teachers (especially John Olin and Paul
Memmo at Fordham University) and to my students.
The project could not have come to fruition without institutional support, especially
from Loyola College of Maryland, its Gerard Manley Hopkins Chair of English, sabba-
ticals,summer grants,andlibrary,including atimely investment indigitaldatabasessuch
as Early English Books Online. I am also indebted to the Knott Foundation and the
Catholic Studies Program at Loyola (Paul Bagley) for funding a semester’s leave. The
National Endowment for the Humanities and the Folger Shakespeare Library also sup-
ported research through grants. Iam grateful to libraries andtheir staffs, again the Folger
Shakespeare Library (Gail Kern Paster, Richard Kuhta, and Betsy Walsh), The New York
Public Library, the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, the Venerable English College, Rome
(SisterMary Joseph), the Bodleian at Oxford,and the British Library. Other institutions,
associations, and gracious individuals provided opportunities to speak and collegial
forums: the Lancaster Shakespeare Conference (Richard Dutton), Wheaton College
(Beatrice Batson), St Peter’s College (James Loughran, SJ), Cornell University (Carol
Kaske), the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa (Gary Taylor), the University of Massa-
chusettsatAmherst(ArthurKinney),theCentrodiAltiStudidiSanBruno,Segni(Sister
Maria del Fiat), the International Shakespeare Conference in Stratford (Peter Holland),
vi acknowledgements
theRecusantSociety,TheRenaissanceSocietyofAmerica,theShakespeareAssociationof
America, and Villa Le Balze, Florence (Michael Collins and Georgetown University).
Steven Miola gave expert technical help with the illustrations. Diligent student assistants
worked well over the years: Rachel Miola, Kate Barker, Ashley St Thomas, and John
Wixted.
Thepersonaldebtsarebeyondtelling,especiallythosetomydaughtersathome,Rose,
Karen, and Michele, and my son Daniel. If it were appropriate to dedicate an anthology,
this one would belong to Timothy S. Healy, SJ, whose edition of Donne’s Ignatius his
Conclave first started me thinking about these issues; the memory of his voice, laughing
and growling, has been a constant companion. I hope this book is worthy of him and its
many benefactors.
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations xi
introduction 1
controversies
Desiderius Erasmus, On the New Testament, 1516 41
On Free Will, 1524 46
Thomas More, A Dialogue Concerning Heresies, 1529 49
Edmund Plowden, ATreatise on Mary, Queen of Scots, 1566 55
Nicholas Sander, ATreatise of the Images of Christ and of his Saints, 1566 58
Edmund Campion, A Letter to the Privy Council, 1580 63
The Tower Debates, 1581 67
Alban Langdale, Reasons why Catholics may go to Church, 1580 71
William Allen, ATrue, Sincere, and Modest Defence of English Catholics, 1584 75
A Declaration of the Sentence and Deposition of Elizabeth, 1588 77
Henry Garnet, Of Indulgences or Pardons, 1592–6 81
ATreatise of Equivocation, c.1598 86
Juan de Mariana, On the King and the Education of the King, 1599 87
Robert Bellarmine, On the Authority of the Pope against William Barclay, 1610 91
Jane Owen, An Antidote against Purgatory, 1634 96
lives and deaths
Augustine of Hippo (354–430) 106
Teresa of A´vila (1515–82) 114
Thomas More (c.1477–1535) 121
Edmund Campion (1540–81) 130
viii contents
Margaret Clitherow (1556?–86) 137
William Weston (1550–1615) 145
Alexander Rawlins (1555?–95) and Henry Walpole (1558–95) 150
Toby Matthew (1577–1655) 154
Mary Ward(1585–1645) 160
poetry
A Lament and Some Ballads 172
Chidiock Tichborne (1558?–86) 180
Francis Tregian (1548–1608) 181
Thomas Pounde (1538–1613) 184
Henry Constable (1562–1613) 187
Robert Southwell (1561–95) 192
Anthony Copley (1567–1609?) 204
Richard Verstegan (1548–1636) 210
William Alabaster (1567–1640) 212
Toby Matthew (1577–1665) 216
John Donne (1572–1631) 216
Ben Jonson (1572–1637) 227
John Beaumont (1584–1627) 237
William Habington (1605–54) 246
Gertrude More (1604–33) 250
Richard Crashaw (1612–49) 254
instructions and devotions
Prayers and Hymns, eleventh to sixteenth centuries 271
Robert, Prior of Shrewsbury, The Life of Saint Winifred, 1130 282
Thomas a` Kempis, The Imitation of Christ, 1420–7 285
Ignatius Loyola, The Spiritual Exercises, 1521–2 289
Consolations (John Fisher, Thomas More, Robert Southwell), 1534, 1588 296
Meditations (Luis de Granada, John Bucke), 1582, 1589 302
Roger Martin, Memories of Long Melford, c.1590 309
William Byrd, Gradualia, 1605 312
contents ix
Francis de Sales, AnIntroductionto a Devout Life, 1613 313
Henry Hawkins, Partheneia Sacra, 1633 317
Augustine Baker, Sancta Sophia, 1657 324
drama
(Dates record composition or first performance.)
John Heywood, The Pardonerand the Friar, c.1530 330
Jane Lumley, Iphigeneia at Aulis, c.1555 337
Jacob Bidermann, Cenodoxus, 1602 344
William Shakespeare, Hamlet, 1599–1601 352
Measure for Measure, 1603–4 356
Pericles, 1606–8 359
Henry VIII, 1613 362
Ben Jonson, Sejanus, 1603–4 364
The Alchemist, 1610 369
Philip Massinger, The Renegado, 1624 375
James Shirley, St Patrick for Ireland, 1639–40 381
histories
Venerable Bede, The History of the Church of England, tr. Thomas Stapleton, 1565 391
Nicholas Sander, Rise and Growth of the Anglican Schism, 1585 399
Bartolome´ de Las Casas, The Spanish Colony, 1583 408
Robert Persons, ATreatise of Three Conversions of England, 1603–4 413
Richard Verstegan, A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence in Antiquities, 1605 422
Philip O’Sullivan-Beare, The History of Catholic Ireland, 1621 430
Elizabeth Cary, The Life, Reign, and Death of Edward II, 1627 437
fiction
Desiderius Erasmus, Colloquies, 1518 444
Anthony Copley, Wits, Fits, and Fancies, 1595 452
Thomas Lodge, Wit’s Misery, 1596 455
Prosopopeia: The Tears of Mary, 1596 459
Robert Chambers, Palestina, 1600 461