Early Life History and Recruitment in Fish Populations PDF
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Early Life History and Recruitment in Fish Populations CHAPMAN & HALL FISH AND FISHERIES SERIES Amongst the fishes, a remarkably wide range of fascinating biological adaptations to diverse habitats has evolved. Moreover, fisheries are of considerable importance in providing human food and economic benefits. Rational exploitation and management of our global stocks of fishes must rely upon a detailed and precise insight of the interaction of fish biology with human activities. The Chapman & Hall Fish and Fisheries Series aims to present authorita tive and timely reviews which focus on important and specific aspects of the biology, ecology, taxonomy, physiology, behaviour, management and conservation of fish and fisheries. Each volume will cover a wide but unified field with themes in both pure and applied fish biology. Although volumes will outline and put in perspective current research frontiers, the intention is to provide a synthesis accessible and useful to both experts and non-specialists alike. Consequently, most volumes will be of interest to a broad spectrum of research workers in biology, zoology, ecology and physiology, with an additional aim of the books encompassing themes accessible to non-specialist readers, ranging from undergraduates and postgraduates to those with an interest in industrial and commercial aspects of fish and fisheries. Applied topics will embrace synopses of fishery issues which will appeal to a wide audience of fishery scientists, aquaculturists, economists, geogra phers and managers in the fishing industry. The series will also contain practical guides to fishery and analysis methods and global reviews of parti cular types of fisheries. Books already published and forthcoming are listed below. The Publisher and Series Editor would be glad to discuss ideas for new volumes in the series. Available titles l. Ecology of Teleost Fishes 4. Early Life History of Fish Robert J. Wootton An energetics approach 2. Cichlid Fishes Ewa Kamler Behaviour, ecology and 5. Fisheries Acoustics evolution David N. MacLennan and Edited by Miles A. Keenlyside E. John Simmonds 3. Cyprinid Fishes 6. Fish Chemoreception Systematics, biology and Edited by Toshiaki J. Hara exploitation 7. Behaviour of Teleost Fishes Edited by Ian J. Winfield and Second edition Joseph S. Nelson Edited by Tony J. Pitcher 8. Genetics and Fish Breeding 18. The Impact of Species Changes Colin R. Purdom in African Lakes 9. Fish Ecophysiology Edited by Tony J. Pitcher J. Cliff Rankin and and Paul B. Hart Frank B. Jensen 19. Pike 10. Fish Swimming Biology and exploitation John J. Videler Edited by John F. Craig 11. On the Dynamics of Exploited 20. Reef Fisheries Fish Populations Edited by Nicholas V.C. Polunin Raymond J.H. Beverton and Callum M. Roberts and Sidney J. Holt 21. Early Life History and (Facsimile reprint) Recruitment in Fish 12. Sea Bass Populations Graham D. Pickett and Michael Edited by R. Christopher G. Pawson Chambers and Edward 13. Fish Bioenergetics A. Trippel Malcolm Jobling 22. Fish and Fisheries of Tropical 14. On the Sex of Fish and Gender Estuaries of Scientists Stephen J.M. Blaber Daniel Pauly 15. Hake Fisheries, products and markets Forthcoming titles Edited by Ju rgen Alheit and Tony J. Pitcher Fisheries Ecology 16. Environmental Biology of Second edition Fishes Edited by T.J. Pitcher and P.J. Hart Malcolm Jobling 17. Electric Fishes History and behavior Peter Moller JOIN US ON THE INTERNET VIA WWW, GOPHER, FTP OR EMAIL: WWW: http://www.thomson.com GOPHER: gopher.thomson.com A service of IdJp® FTP: ftp.thomson.com EMAIL: [email protected] Early Life History and Recruitment in Fish Populations Edited by R. Christopher Chambers National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory Highlands, New Jersey USA and Edward A. Trippel Fisheries and Oceans Canada St Andrews Biological Station St Andrews, New Brunswick Canada CHAPMAN & HALL London· Weinheim . New York· Tokyo· Melbourne· Madras Published by Chapman & HaIl, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SEI 8HN Chapman & HaIl, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN. UK Chapman & HaIl GmbH. PappelaIlee 3. 69469 Weinhelm. Germany Chapman & HaIl USA. 115 Fifth Avenue. New York. NY 10003. USA Chapman & HaIl Japan. ITP Japan. Kyowa Building. 3F. 2-2-1 Hirakawacho. Chiyoda-ku. Tokyo 102. Japan Chapman & HaIl Australia. 102 Dodds Street. South Melbourne. Victoria 3205. Australia Chapman & HaIl India. R. Seshadri. 32 Second Main Road. CIT East. Madras 600 035. India First edition 1997 © 1997 Chapman & Hall Softcover reprint oft he hardcover 1s t edition 1997 Typeset in 10/12 Photina by Acorn Bookwork. Salisbury. Wiltshire ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7144-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1439-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1439-1 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study. or criticism or review. as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act. 1988. this publication may not be reproduced. stored. or transmitted. in any form or by any means. without the prior permission in writing of the publishers. or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK. or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation. express or Implied. with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissious that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-83671 @Printed on permanent acid-free text paper. manufactured in accordance with ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 and ANSIjNISO Z39.48-1984 (Permanence of Paper). Contents List of contributors xv Series foreword xix Tony J. Pitche.r Introduction: the early life history of fishes and its role in recruitment processes xxi Edward A. Trippel and R. Christopher Chambers Literature cited xxx Selected key literature xxxi 1 Prologue. Recruitment in fish populations: the paradigm shift generated by ICES Committee A 1 Michael Sinclair 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The naming of ICES Committee A 2 1. 3 The scope of work undertaken by Committee A 6 1.4 The groundfish egg and larval studies of Committee A 11 1.5 Hjort's new paradigm 14 1.6 Summary of importance of early life history studies on the paradigm shift 18 1.7 Influence of Hjort on recruitment studies between 1914 and 1930 18 1.8 The Canadian Fisheries Expedition 22 1. 9 Conclusions 23 Acknowledgements 25 References 25 Part One Parent-Progeny Relationships 29 2 Effects of adult age and size structure on reproductive output in marine fishes 31 Edward A. Trippel. Olav S. Kjesbu and Per Solemial 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Changes in demographic structure of fish populations 32 viii Contents 2.3 Effects of changes in demographic structure on reproductive output 38 2.4 Relevance to survival in early life and recruitment theory 47 2.5 Stock-recruitment relationships and their application 51 2.6 Areas of future research 52 Acknowledgements 55 References 55 3 Environmental influences on egg and propagule sizes in marine fishes 63 R. Christopher Chambers 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 Egg size as an indicator of fitness 65 3.3 Data sources, quality and structure 66 3.4 Sources of variation in egg size 69 3.5 Suggested further research on egg and propagule size variation 90 3.6 Conclusions 94 Acknowledgements 95 References 95 4 Regulation of energy acquisition and allocation to respiration, growth and reproduction: simulation model and example using rainbow trout 103 Webster Van Winkle, Brian J. Shuter, Brady D. Holcomb, Henriette 1. Jager, Jeffrey A. Tyler and Shree Y. Whitaker 4.1 Introduction 103 4.2 Conceptual framework 104 4.3 Description of bioenergetics model III 4.4 Example simulation for rainbow trout 123 4.5 Discussion 128 Acknowledgements 131 References 131 5 Life history responses to environmental variability in early life l39 Jeffrey A. Hutchings 5.1 Introduction l3 9 5.2 Variable juvenile mortality and offspring size 141 5.3 Variable juvenile growth rate and age at maturity 149 5.4 Future considerations 158 Acknowledgements 163 References 163 Contents ix Part Two Selective Processes in the Early Life History 169 6 Patterns and consequences of selective processes in teleost early life histories 173 Edward D. Houde 6.1 Introduction 173 6.2 Size-based ecosystem theory and early life dynamics 174 6.3 Stage-specific survival 177 6.4 Dynamic processes 180 6.5 Foraging 182 6.6 Predation 184 6.7 Recruitment implications 187 6.8 Future directions 191 Acknowledgements 193 References 193 7 The use of field studies to investigate selective processes in fish early life history 197 Thomas J. Miller 7.1 Introduction 197 7.2 Operation of selection 200 7.3 Approaches to measuring selection 203 7.4 Assumptions required in quantifying selection 207 7.5 Comparison of model and empirical data 209 7.6 Conclusions and directions for future researh 218 Acknowledgements 220 References 220 8 Ontogeny, growth and the recruitment process 225 Lee A. Fuiman and Dennis M. Higgs 8.1 Introduction 225 8.2 Developmental processes 227 8.3 Empirical partitioning of developmental effects 230 8.4 Ecological consequences of development 231 8.5 Quantification of size and ontogenetic state 238 8.6 Uncoupling of ontogeny and growth 242 8.7 Areas for future research 244 8.8 Summary 244 Acknowledgements 245 References 245 x Contents 9 Ontogeny of cannibalism in larval and juvenile fishes with special emphasis on Atlantic cod 251 Arild Folkvord 9.1 Introduction 251 9.2 Ontogeny of coeval cannibalism 253 9.3 Cannibalism as a selective process 259 9.4 Importance of cannibalism in the field 264 9.5 Perspectives 269 Acknowledgements 273 References 273 10 Size-selective predation on juvenile North Sea flatfish and possible implications for recruitment 279 Henk W. Van der Veer, Tim Ellis, John M. Miller, Lei! Pihl and Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp 10.1 Introduction 279 10.2 Size-selective predation and recruitment 280 10.3 Field data 281 lOA Discussion 294 Acknowledgements 300 References 301 11 Natural selection and the evolution of growth rate in the early life history: what are the trade-offs? 305 David O. Conover and Eric T. Schultz 11.1 Introduction 305 11.2 Selective processes and local adaptation 306 11.3 Using local adaptation to test theory 312 11.4 Balancing selection on growth rate: what are the trade-offs? 318 11.5 Testing for physiological trade-offs with growth rate 324 11.6 Conclusions and suggestions for future research 325 Acknowledgements 326 References 327 12 Predation on juvenile fishes: dynamic interactions between size-structured predators and prey 333 James A. Rice, Larry B. Crowder and Elizabeth A. Marschall 12.1 Dynamics of predator-prey interactions during early life history 333 12.2 Insights and evidence from empirical studies 335
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