Early Buddhist Monachism 600 B.C. - 100 B.C.

205 Pages·1924·10.288 MB·English

by  Sukumar Dutt

EARLY
BUDDHISTM ONACHISM
600B .C.1 00B .C.
-
BY
SUKUMARD UTTM,. A,B .L,
801lletlmPe, ofesosfEo nrg lILSlht lfla/uRrillp,o Gno l/eGgaBlc,u f:tO,;
erljJilMlemlona. ! PNeW lnll/If, 1919al,l JcZu bIBleeaea aPrNoBh'
Wlllller,1 9l1olJft, h UeII WST"oeyfC alcutta.
LONDON
KEGANP AUL, TRENOHT,B UBNER& 00.L,T D.
NEW YOBK: PE.. D UTTON& 00.
1924
TRUBNER·S
ORIENTAL SERIES
TRUBNER'S ORIENTAL SERIES
RE-ISSUE AT A U)/IFOR\PR!I CE
DtmyS vod,'l ,gkr eenc lol�g, .lt
ALBERUNI India.A n Accounto f the RelIgioPnlul.o sophy,
LiteratureG,e ographyC,h ronology.A stronomyC,u stomsL,a ws,
and Astrologvo fI nd,aa,b outA D 1030B y Dr EDWARDC
SACBJ!.V
ARNOLD (SIET ) IndiaPno etrayn dI ndiaInd yll.C.on taIning
..T he Indian Song of Songs",f romt he SansJ.nt of the Glta.
Govlndao fJ avarleva T.vob ooksf rom" The Iha.d ofI ndIa"
(Mahabharat'a ).P.r overbla\lV ,sdom,f"r om the Sblokas of
the Hltopadesaan. do therO nental Poems
BARTH (Dr A ) The Rehl'loaso f ladia.A uthorized
Translatiobny Rev J \VOOD
BIGANDET (BP ) Life orL egeado fG audallla,t heB uddha
oft heB armeseI "lthA nnotatlontsh,eW ays toN elbban,a nd
Noticeo n theP hongyteso r Burmese Monks
BEAL (Prof S) Lifeo f Hluea-T.gi.a nBv the Shamans
Hwm 1..1a ndY E ..·..T sv'IG Wiht a PrefaC'ceo ntmrunagn Account
oft heW orks ofI -Tsmg
BEAL (ProfS J Si-Yu-KiB:u ddJusRtec ordso f the \Vestem
World. Translatferdo mt heC hIDesoef H IuenT-Slang
COWELL (Prof E B) SarvaD arsaaa-Samgrahao;r ,
ReView of the DIfferentS ystemso f HlIldu Plulosophy By
MADHAVA ACH R..Y A Translabyt Perdo fE B COWELL,M A,
a.ndP rof A E GOUGH.\:.\ I
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Age; fromA cceSSIoonf QueenV ,ctOritao Commencemento f
TwentietCehn tury
EDKINS (Dr J) Chia•e• Buddhis:m A Volumeo fS ketches,
Hlstoncal and Cntlcal New and ReVIsedE dItion
HAUG (Dr M)E nay. otnh eS acredL anguage,W ritings,
aadR eligiooaft heP arsis.
ROCKHILL (W W) Tbe Lifeo ft heB uddhaa ad theE arly
Hi.toroyf hi.O rder.D en.. e d from Tibetanw orks1 0 the
Bkah-hgyur and Bstan-hgyurF ollowebdy nobceosnt hee arly
lustoryo fT ibeta nd Khoten
WEBER (Dr A) Historoyf I ndiaLai teratllrTer.an slatbeyd
JOHN Jl.1ANNM, A, and THEODORE ZACHARIAI:,Ph D Fourth
Edl..l OfXl
New volumesu aiformw itha hove
BOULTING (Dr W) Four PilgrimsH:l uen-TSlangS,ae wulf,
MohammEd Ibn Abd AllahL,u dovlcoV arthema. oBfo logna
O'LEARY (DrD e L )A rabiTcb oughtaa di tsp laciea R istory.
O'LEARY (Dr.D e L) ShortH istoroyf t heF aumidK halifate.
Othero lll�'mt oe jso llo<lJ
LONDON:
UGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO •• LTD.
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TO
TIlE SAOREDM EMORY OF TIlE INSPIRER
OF
TIllSH UMIJLE AND INSIGNIFIO.A.WNOTR K,
AOHARYYA.
RAMENDRA SUNDAR TRIVEDIM,. A.,
Whose
Wkoz., II!W/18B II ..lBn t dedlcllttioton h .BllC red
camB0 1I nd,alnB amt.ng andr eIBa.reh,
The author
dBdtcll tetsh leo ZlowpmIlgg es
Withh um,"tg1/r,a HturdeBv,e reancnde ,pr a.yerf or
Hw (h,la.tD epartSeoud l.
PREFACE
ms
T worwka su ndertaaknedcn o mpleItne1 d9 16 willIe
I wass eIVIDg asa. ProfesastoR rI poCno lleIgne
Calcuttunad ert hel atlea mentPerdm clpal Ramendra
SundarT rIveads Ic,h oolafnr om eanr eputweho,s mee mory
hJ.s
isc herisbhyeh dun dredosf pupllsc,o lleaguaensd,
admirearloslv eBre ngal
Itw asP rmClpTanlv edlh'asb Itto s uggeosftt,e Inn
a quitcea sumaalnn ers,u beJctfso orn ginraels eatroct hh e
youngeprr ofesosfot rhsec ollefgoerw, h omh eb oraen
almopsatt erlnoavle I.w asp nvllegteodb eo neo ft hem,
andI na casucaoln versaotnIedo any P nnClpTanlv edi
expressed rteogm ree tth anto I ndIahna dt hougfihttt o
investIgtahtehe i stoorfyB uddhIsmto nksa ndH mdu
Sannyasolfsa nCleInntd iaal,t hoIutgI hSto thetmh aItn dIa
owelsa rgaelltylh aItSm ostv aluaabnldee ndunnIIIgh er
culturaanlds pmtuhafle .It ooukp t hes uggesetaIgOenr ly,
thougnho tI ni tesn tlIety-willchb emw doeuelbdde yond
my power-ansde tt ow orko n thee arlipeesrtI Oodf
Buddlustm onasthIIcs torFyo.rt heh Istoorfty il lpse nod
abundanmta teriaarlefs o undI na nciePnath li terature,
onlIyfI ti ss tudIaendds crutinIzeIdnt hec orrheicstt oncal
perspectJ.vAes.I p rogreW&Istethdh weo rkI,u setdo s how
thte ype-wrpIatgteetsnoP rmclpTarli vewdhiIc,hh ew ould
returtno m ea ftepre rusWaIlthi hs c haractebreinsitgInCa nt
smile. PrlllClpTarlI vehdIIm self pohststeklsneso ewdl edge
ofth e subJeacntd c onfessileldms a bllittoyh elmpe with
critJ.ClSm ors uggestJ.aonnda, d Vlsemde to senIdt to the
UniversoiftC ya lcuttaas a prize-thtehsaitis m partIal
criticismmi ghbte o btainaenddth e mentao fth e work
j I advice
truly udged.a ctedo nh is ands enitt a nony­
mouslyf otrh Gerif fithM emonaPlr ifzeoO rr igmRaels earch
1919
m andh appentoe ds corthee prize.
x PREFACE
Veryb oltdh eoriheasv eb eens tarteidnt his worka nd
I should fhealvetext remedltyffi denttoC Ommttth emto
pubhcathlaOdIn n otb eerne assurbeydt hek nowledtghea t
thew orkh adb eeenx ammebdy a competesncth olar.
I had sodmIeffi culmt gye ttmPga hb ookms Calcutta,
ag ood maonfwy m chh ave bperemnt eadn dp ubhshbeyd
theP ah TeSxOtC letIy h.a vteo t hantkh el atlea mented
PrmClpal SCahtalnSdhVr tad yabhuosfaS na nskrtt College,
Calcuttaan,d my esteemefdr ienBda bu Gopaldas
Choudhury of wShhoeh rapsau sru,p ployfP Oohb ookins
rus prlvahtber arfyo,rh elpimneg il l gettmhgo lodf m y
materials.
I cannoetx pectth ec rltICwaolr lodf s cholarsrup and
learrutnogb e" t om y faulath st tbllei nadn dto my V1l1;ues
very kIndB"e.s tdeIsn,d iarne sear1Sc ha progressive
departmoefkn nto wlemd gweh lCnho o nec anp retetnodb e
abltoe s ayt hel aswto rd.P erhasposm ef utusrceh olwallrl
maket her esultosfm y researcthheess t arting-pfoomrt
furthaedrv anmc et hes ubJewchte nm y ownw orkw ilble
regaradesod nl ya l and-mtahrakItS l eftb ehind. Bute very
rtght-mmsdcehdo lsahro udled voutwllyS fho rs ucah c on­
summatlOonf m sw orks,p eCIamll tyh ev asatn df mrtful
fielodf I ndtaRne search.
8UXUMAR DUTT.
BARISAL
NOTE
.Allp assagoefsP ah Ufo theb ody0 1t heb ooka rBa ccompa,wuietdh
the�Ern ghsthl a nslat20Mnoss to ft lleam1e byr ecoglualluetdh ontfe8
hkeR hysD av�dOsl,d enbeMlagx, M aller, andK ern A lew0 1t hme
are7 II�nAel pla ssagoefSs a nslaelrOi1� a tns tlleTated accordtt'1lotg he
Systme ofT ranslltelaaptp�roonv ebdy the Intematu mal OnBnta�
Ooogresosfl 89,/" raendc71 0111Ulndebdy t heO O'U11A:IoZ0 1t heR oyalA Matw
SocloeIotnyO cotbe, r1896T.h eS anslerttp assag"10e st heb ody0 1t he
bookh avea lsob eent ranslatEexdc epat lewp assag0e1s V edsc
Sanskrdo,f w lllIc hla,v eg went hel Ianalat0s1on Gr.i ffith and
GangiiniiJthh iJ"I a m solerleys ponslloobrtl hee stBr (mslatlons.
B. D.
CONTENTS
OlUPTBB l'AGlII
INTRODUCTION 1
LIST OFB OOKSC ONSULTED. 11
I. THE LAws OFTHE VINAYAPITAKAAND THEIR
mTEJU>RETATION 15
•
II.THE PRIMITIVE PARmRAJAKAS:A THEORY OF
THEIR ORIGIN 39
.APPENDIX 71
•
III.THE SANGHAND A THE PATIMOKKHA:
DEVELOPMENOTFTH E LATTER 75
IV. THE PATIMOKKRA ASA R ITUAL 99
•
V. Tm: GROWTH OFTHE BUDDHISTC mNOBIUM . 110
VI.T HE INTERNAL POLITY OF A BUDDHIST
SANGHA 137
VII.C O:mroNAL LIFE ATAN AVAsA 177
•
INTRODUCTION
Itis noyte tti mtoe dl late onth eim portanocfthe e
subjoeftc htpe r estehnetIs ni s anIcnideihnaItns tory.
Thhiset oroyfa nCIIenndItiSs a t InI ltlhm ea kmgIt is
ye"t ina tempovraagruye onfoe ustslm aes,o ft hIngs
half-asnedep nr ocehsaslefs- r"e.Ya elttIh Zaees ds ertIOn
may bec onfidmeandttelh yaa tst, h weh ole eocfo nomy
anciIenndti aannc dlu IlfItumeSro eri en timraetaehblzyye d
us, theI mporptlaaoncfBte u ddlumsotn astIinIC WItIll S m
appWeiatrInh c reacslIenagr Inteessx st.er rentlaIalOi nst,s
influenocnSe OsC Iaetlt ayri gtceso, n trItbocu utlItOurnsa l
hIstory-atllh etsoep airyCeeSI t tn h der eamoltfah nedo ry.
Buddhimsotn astiitcshieasblsmef e link,ae lo lt hheIrs toriC
mstItutthlreOe nssou,fla t g radpuraolc cehsasn,g mg
undperre sosfIur tseso cioelnoVIrgoInCmaaelnn Idtt ossw n
innerp rInCoifep vloel uBtuldOdnh.mi osnta WsteII nC
Indaispa i cttuousr Iendt hree coorftd hCseh Intersaev el­
leIrfSsa drdI erfreonmtt hmeo nahisett IhCaI trS e flected
In theV� nayapttaTkah.em onastme trhICeehm se se
accohuanvdtees v elano eptwey dp seo moeft heamrf ea r­
famceedn torfle esa rnImtig Is.n t hiS plaarotfttt heerIr
histotrhywa eta ctufaeltelhlyeI Imrp oralnamHdnu ceen ce
in &D.CIeInntdia hine .W eo bserthveme o nastgeartIheesr ­
ing intoth emsetlhvreei sac nhvd a rmIteedll ehIcetuo afl
thep erIodT.h em onastaetAmr aIresa vaNtia,l anda.,
OdantaVpIkruramasIlaii.,, anJda gatdalhak seao p pear
B