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InternationalJournalofOdonatology Vol.14,No.4,December2011,305–311 Dysphaea haomiao sp. nov. from China andVietnam (Odonata: Euphaeidae) MattiHämäläinen* NetherlandsCentreforBiodiversityNaturalis,POBox9517,2300RA,Leiden,theNetherlands (Received31October2011;finalversionreceived1November2011) Dysphaea haomiao sp. nov. (holotype ♂, China, Guizhou, Libo County, Xiaoqikong Scenic Area, ZhangjiangRiver,alt.c.450m,7May2007)isdescribedandillustratedforbothsexes.Themaledif- fersfromitsclosestcongeners,DysphaeabasitinctaandD.gloriosa,bytheblackish,completelyopaque colorationofitswings. Keywords: Odonata;Euphaeidae;Dysphaea;newspecies;China;Guizhou;Vietnam Introduction Dysphaea Selys is a small genus of oriental damselflies with half a dozen recognized species. RecentlyDrHaomiaoZhangpresentedtomeseveralinterestingspecimensofDysphaeaforstudy, whichhehadcollectedattheZhangjiangRiverinLiboCountyinthesouthernpartofGuizhou Province.Themalespecimenshaveblackish,completelyopaquewings,whichareproportionally broaderthanthepartlyhyalinewingsofD.basitinctaMartin,1904,asthemaleshadearlierbeen treated(Zhang,2010,2011).Thefemalespecimens,collectedatthesamestreamin2010,differ fromthefemaleofD.basitinctainmanydetailsofcolourpattern.Thisfact,aswellastheabsence of‘typicallycoloured’D.basitinctaatthesite,ledbothHaomiaoZhangandmetoconcludethat thespecimensrepresentadistinctnewspecies,ratherthanacolourformofD.basitincta. Dysphaeahaomiaosp.nov. (Figures1,2,4–5) Specimensexamined Holotype (cid:2). China, Guizhou, Libo County, Xiaoqikong Scenic Area, Zhangjiang River, alt. c.450m[25◦15(cid:3)N,107◦44(cid:3)E],7May2007,ZhangHaomiaoleg.DepositedatRMNH(Leiden, theNetherlands). *Email:matti.hamalainen@helsinki.fi ISSN1388-7890print/ISSN2159-6719online ©2011WorldwideDragonflyAssociation http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2011.638618 http://www.tandfonline.com 306 M.Hämäläinen Figure 1. Dysphaeahaomiaosp.nov.,habitusoftheholotypemale. Figures 2–3. (2)WingsofDysphaeahaomiaosp.nov.,paratypemale,collectedon7July2010.(3)WingsofDysphaea basitinctamalefromVietnam,HoaBinhprovince,CoLuang,11June2008,M.Hämäläinenleg. Paratypes(allZhangHaomiaoleg.). 1(cid:2),samelocalityanddateasholotype;8(cid:2),3(cid:3),same localityasholotype,9Juneand6–7July2010. Other specimens. 3 (cid:2),Vietnam, Cao Bang province, Pac Nga, Trung Khanh, 30 May 2009, PhanQuocToanleg. Etymology ThenewspeciesisnamedafterDrHaomiaoZhang,anenthusiasticandgiftedodonatologist,in recognition of his achievements in the study of Chinese dragonflies and in appreciation of his fruitfulcollaborationwiththeauthorandgenerosityinsharingspecimensandinformation.The specificepithethaomiaoisanouninapposition(inthenominativecase). Diagnosis ADysphaeaspecieswithmalewingsblackandopaquethroughout. Dysphaeahaomiaosp.nov.fromChinaandVietnam 307 Figures 4–9. (4–5)Dysphaeahaomiaosp.nov.,paratypefemale,collectedon6July2010.(6–7)Dysphaeabasitincta, femalefromHainan,YinggelingReserve,NankaiRiver,1–4May2011,ZhangHaomiaoleg.(8–9)Dysphaeagloriosa, femalefromHainan,YinggelingReserve,NankaiRiver,1–4May2011,ZhangHaomiaoleg. Descriptionofmaleholotype(Figures1–2) Head. Labium, labrum, base of mandibles and clypeus shining black, frons and vertex matt blackwithalargelyobscuredyellowishbandacrossfrons. Thorax. Mattblack,withobscureyellowishbrownmarkingsasfollows:roundspotonmiddle lobe of prothorax; synthorax with narrow stripe on mesepimeron above the first lateral suture extending3/4lengthofsuturefromthebase;veryobscureyellowbandonmetepisternumabove 308 M.Hämäläinen runningalongmuchofsecondlateralsutureandcontinuingontoposteriorpartofmetinfraepister- numandmetacoxa;metepimeronwithbroaddullyellowbandalongposteriormarginandsmall dorsalyellowspotanteriorly,thetwopatchesalmostconnectedtoformanincompleteloopdelin- eatingthedorsalmarginofthemetepimeron;paleyellowspotsposteriorlyinmesinfraepisternum andcoxae.Legsotherwiseblack. Wings. Whollyopaqueblack,slightlylessdarkenedinapicalfourth(Figure2).Venationtypical ofthegenus.Forewingswith34–35antenodalsinthefirstrow;hindwingscorrespondinglywith 27–28 antenodals. Quadrangle with 3 crossveins in forewing, 2–3 in hind wing. Cubital space with3crossveinsinforewingand3-4inhindwing.Pterostigmalong,covering8–9underlying cells. Abdomen. Mattblack,withnarrow,palehalfringsdorsallyatapexofS3–8,interruptedbyblack middorsally.Obscure,paledotsposteriorlyonsidesofS1–2andnarrowstripeofthesamecolour onS3.Appendagesoftypicalshapeforgenus;entirelyblack. Penis. ThestructureresemblesthatillustratedforD.basitinctabyWilsonandReels(2003,p. 251,figure24). Measurements(mm). Forewing38,hindwing36,abdomen39. Variationinparatypemales Inteneralspecimensthepalemarkingsonthesynthoraxaremoredistinctandbroaderandthere isalsoanarrowstripealongthehumeralsuture.Inoldspecimensthefronsisentirelyblackand themarkingsonthepro-andsynthoraxturnreddishbrownandarereducedorpartlyabsent.In somespecimensthereisalsoayellowlateralstripeonS4–5.Thenumberofantenodalsvariesto someextent.Thenumberofcrossveinsvariesfrom2to4inthequadrangleandfrom2to4in thecubitalspace. Measurements(mm). Forewing39–41,hindwing36.5–38.5,abdomen40–42. Descriptionoffemale(Figures4–5) Head. Labiumblack,laterallobesyellowwithblackhooks.Centreoflabrumbroadlyyellow, withlong,narrowblackindentationposteriorly.Baseofmandibleslargelyyellow.Clypeusblack. Frons with broad transverse yellow band connected to yellow area of genae.Vertex matt black (Figure4). Thorax. Prothorax black with rounded large yellow spots on either side of dorsum of middle lobe.Synthoraxmattblack,withbroadyellowbandsandpatchesasinFigures4–5.Yellowarea onmesepisternumcompletelyencirclingblackareainupperhalf.Yellowstripeonmesepimeron above first lateral suture extending 3/4 length of suture from the base, as in male. This stripe centrallycontiguouswithbroadyellowbandonmetepisternum.Metepimeronwithbroadyellow band. Pale spot ventrally on mesinfraepisternum. Legs black with yellowish outer streaks on middleandhindfemora. Wings. Hyalinewithstrongbrownishtintthroughout.Venationasinmale.Forewingswith29–33 antenodalsinfirstrow;hindwingswith25–29.Quadranglewith2–3crossveinsinforewing,2–3 Dysphaeahaomiaosp.nov.fromChinaandVietnam 309 inhindwing.Cubitalspacewith3–5crossveinsinforewingand3–5inhindwing.Pterostigma long,covering9–12underlyingcells. Abdomen. Matt black, with yellow markings as follows. Broad, anteriorly incised triangle on side of S1. Lateral bands or streaks on S2–7, broadest on S2–3 and narrowing towards apical segments.OnS2–5bandoccupiesalmostwholesegmentexceptposteriorsegmentalrings,and projects to form dorsal tooth at its posterior margin; on S4–7 pale area also projecting dor- sally to form tooth at base of segment; on S6–7 band does not reach apex of segment. Tiny lateral dots are present basally and apically on S8. Distinct, triangular or square lateral spot present at apical part of S9. Ventral edge of segments S1–9 very narrowly pale. Appendages black. Measurements(mm). Thereisaconsiderablevariationintheproportionallengthsofwingsand abdomeninthethreefemalespecimensavailable,theratiohindwing/abdomenrangingfrom1.01 to1.10.Thereforethemeasurementsaregivenseparatelyforeachspecimen. (1, specimen in Figure 5): forewing 38, hind wing 36, abdomen 35.5; (2) forewing 40, hind wing38,abdomen34.5;(3)forewing37,hindwing36,abdomen33. Habitatandnotesonbiology Thetypelocalityofthisspecies,theZhangjiangRiver,isabout30mwide,shallow(about30– 100cmdeep)andslowflowing.Itsbanksarewellvegetated.D.haomiaoisveryabundantonthe river.AccordingtoobservationsbyHaomiaoZhang,malesareactiveduringthedaytime,holding theirterritoriesneartheriver’sedge.Mostofthetimetheyperchonthetipsofemergentplants oronlargeboulders.Sometimeswhenflyingtheyspendlongperiodsglidinglikeanisopterans withwingsheldoutspread.Duringterritorialcontestsmalesflyveryrapidlyandonoccasionthey alsofightwiththemalesofanothereuphaeidspecies,EuphaeasuperbaKimmins,1936,which isalsoplentifulontheriver.Femalesusuallyremainintreesnotfarfromthewaterwherethey often perch very high. When a female arrives at the river, males soon spot it and give chase; copulationtakesplaceperchingonaplant.Thenthepairwillflyintandemforalongtimetofind a suitable place for oviposition. D. haomiao has been recorded on the wing from early May to lateJuly. Other calopterygoid damselflies on the same stream include the chlorocyphids Indocypha katharina (Needham, 1930) and Heliocypha perforata (Percheron, 1835) and the calopterygid Neurobasischinensis(Linnaeus,1758)(Zhang,2010,2011). Distribution China(GuizhouandGuangxi)andVietnam(CaoBangandQuangBinh). Discussion Althoughnotavailableforthisstudy,Iamstronglyinclinedtothinkthattheblackwingedmale specimensfromGuangxi,identifiedasD.basitincta[1(cid:2),Nonggang,23May1998;1(cid:2),Mulun, 20 July 1998] byWilson and Reels (2003) also belong to D. haomiao. The colour pattern and shapeofwingstheyillustratesupportthisconjecture.InadditionitislikelythatD.haomiaooccurs alsoinQuangBinhprovinceincentralVietnam.Ihaveseenfieldphotosofmaleindividualsof 310 M.Hämäläinen ablackwingedDysphaeaspeciesphotographedatPhongNha-KeBangnationalparkbyPhilip Steinhoffon6July2011and24July2011.Nospecimenswerecollectedthere. ThreespeciesofthegenusDysphaeaarenowknownfromChinaandIndochina:D.basitincta, D. gloriosa Fraser, 1938 and D. haomiao. Dysphaea basitincta is known to occur in Hainan and Guangxi in China and in northern Vietnam, where it has been recorded from Ninh Binh, Hoa Binh, Lang Son and Bac Can provinces. D. gloriosa has a wider distribution; it is known from central and northern Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and southern and northern Vietnam. In China it is known to occur in Hainan andYunnan. It has also been reported from the northern Cachar Hills inAssam byAsahina (1985) and from East Khasi Hills in Meghalaya byTerzani andCarletti(1998).D.gloriosaundoubtedlyoccursalsoinBurma,althoughnorecordsareyet available. Distinguishingcharacters Males of these three Dysphaea species are easy to separate by the colour pattern of the wings. ThewingsofD.gloriosahaveagoldenambertint,whichissomewhatlessintenseintheapical third;thetipsofbothwingsareslightlydarkened.InD.basitinctathebaseandapexisblackand opaqueinbothwings,theintermediateareabeinghyaline(Figure3).InD.haomiaothewingsare opaqueblackthroughout(Figure2).InD.haomiaomalesthewingsareproportionallyslightly broaderthaninD.basitincta. Females are more difficult to separate. In D. haomiao the wings are proportionally slightly broaderandmoreroundedattheapexthaninD.basitinctaorD.gloriosa.Thematurefemales ofD.basitinctaandD.haomiaodifferinmanypointsofcolourpattern(cf.Figures4–7).InD. haomiaothebroadyellowantehumeralandhumeralbandsonthemesepisternumarecombined and form a complete loop encircling a black area in the apical part (Figure 4); in D. basitincta the antehumeral and humeral (narrower) bands on the mesepisternum are completely separate, the antehumeral band being broader (Figure 6). In D. haomiao the lateral bands on the sides ofsynthoraxarebroad(Figure5);whereasinD.basitinctatheyellowbandsonthesideofthe synthoraxareseparateorbroadlyinvaginatedwithblack(Figure7).InD.basitinctathelegsare black,butinD.haomiaothereareconspicuousexterioryellowstreaksonmidandhindfemora. The wing tips of D. basitincta are darkened, whereas in D. haomiao they are uniformly tinted. UnlikeD.haomiao,inD.basitinctatheloweredgesoftheabdominaltergaonS1–6bearyellowish streaks. ThecolourpatternofD.gloriosafemalesissomewhatmorevariable.Inall(mature)specimens studiedthepalebandsonthemesepisternum(Figure8)formacompleteloop(asinD.haomiao). Thesizeoftheencircledblackareaisvariableandthereappearstobesomevariation(perhaps partly age dependent) in the form of the pale bands on the side of the synthorax. Since only a smallnumberoffemalespecimenswereavailableforstudy,nodefiniteconclusionscanbedrawn from this variation. However, in D. gloriosa specimens from western and northern Thailand and from Hainan (Figure 9) the bands on the metepisternum and metepimeron are broad with relativelyslightblackintrusions,resemblingtheconditionfoundinD.haomiao.Inaspecimen from southernVietnam, illustrated byAsahina (1985, p. 30, figure 33), these bands have more extensiveblackmarkings,andinavailablespecimensfromChantaburiinsouth-eastThailandand CambodiathesebandsarequitesimilartoD.basitincta(cf.Figure7).InD.gloriosathemiddle andhindfemoraalsohaveyellowstreaks.InD.gloriosatheloweredgeoftheabdominalterga onS1–6bearyellowishstreaks,absentinD.haomiao.Thedifferencesintheproportionallengths ofwingsandabdomen(asevidentinFigures5,7,9)arenotdiagnostic.Considerableindividual variationinthehindwing/abdomenlengthratioisknownatleastinfemalesofD.haomiaoand D.gloriosa. Dysphaeahaomiaosp.nov.fromChinaandVietnam 311 Acknowledgements HaomiaoZhangprovidedthespecimensofD.haomiaoandmostofthephotographsforthisstudy.AlbertOrrmadeuseful commentsonanearlydraftofthemanuscript,withfurtherhelpfulsuggestionsinaformalreview.Ausefulreviewwas alsoprovidedbyGrahamReels.DoManhCuongandPhanQuocToanfacilitatedthestudyofVietnamesespecimensof D.haomiao.PhilipSteinhoffsentphotosofblackishwingedDysphaeamalestakeninCentralVietnamforidentification. OlegKosterinsentphotographsofafemalespecimenofD.gloriosafromCambodia.SamiKarjalainentookthephotos forFigures2–3andhelpedwithPhotoshop®enhancementoftheotherfigures.Iamgratefultoallfortheirassistance. References Asahina,S.(1985).AlistoftheOdonatarecordedfromThailand.PartXI.Euphaeidae,ChôChô,8(12),18–38. Terzani,F.,&Carletti,B.(1998).Protostictadamacornuspec.nov.andotherodonaterecordsfromnortheasternIndia (Zygoptera:Platystictidae),Odonatologica,27,479–485. Wilson, K.D.P., & Reels, G.T. (2003). Odonata of Guangxi ZhuangAutonomous Region, China, Part I: Zygoptera, Odonatologica,32,237–279. Zhang,H-m.(2010).ThesuperfamilyCalopterygoideainSouthChina:taxonomyanddistribution.Progressreportfor 2009surveys,IDFReport,NewsletteroftheInternationalDragonflyFund,26,1–36. Zhang,H-m.(2011).KarstforestOdonatafromSouthernGuizhou,China.IDFReport,NewsletteroftheInternational DragonflyFund,37,1–35.