Dynamics of Crowd-Minds: Patterns of Irrationality in Emotions, Beliefs And Actions (World Scientific Series on Nonlinear Science, Series A)

264 Pages·2005·13.42 MB·English

by  Andrew Adamatzky

DVNHMICS OFCRQWD-MINDS
PATTERNS OF IRRHTIONRLITV IN
[NOTIONS. BELIEFS AND flCTIONS
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DVNHMICS OF CROUD-MINDS
PRTTERNS OF IRHRTIQNHLITV IN
EMOTIONS. BELIEFS flND ACTIONS
Andrew Adamatzky
university of the west of England, Bristol, UK
\jjp World Scientific
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DYNAMICS OF CROWD-MINDS
Copyright © 2005 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
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Preface
Mental dynamics of a large mass of believing emotional entities, crowd-
minds, acting at the edge of, or sometimes far beyond, rationality, was
a subject of psychological studies in the last hundred years. As early as
1895 a similarity between crowds and spatially distributed physical systems
was implicitly brought up by Gustave Le Bon, who was a friend of Henri
Poincare, and thus might have got a physical influence on his social theo-
ries [Le Bon (1994)]. However, phenomena of collective irrationality have
never been studied from physics, mathematics and computer-science points
of view. In the book we try to fill the gap, and thus develop and study
computational and automaton models of a crowd-mind.
What is a crowd-mind? The crowd-mind emerges when formation of a
crowd causes fusion of individual minds into one collective mind. In the
crowd-mind "derationalized by passion, deactualized by memory, ideas and
purposes are reborn as irrational beliefs and symbols" [Moscovici (1985)].
Members of a crowd lose their individuality. The deindividuation results in
emotional, impulsive and irrational behavior, self-catalytic activities, mem-
ory impairment, perceptual distortion and hyper-responsiveness to local
neighbors; ultimately, this leads to "distortion of traditional forms and
structures" [Zimbardo (1969)]. As Everett Dean Martin wrote in 1920
"... the crowd-mind is a phenomenon which should best be classed with
dreams, delusions, and the various forms of automatic behavior" [Martin
(1920)].
Rephrasing Ortega y Gasset, we can say that the crowd-mind does "not
care to give reasons or even to be right", and this brings forward a key
feature of the crowd-mind — the right not to be reasonable: "the reason of
unreason" [Ortega y Gasset (1985)]. Serge Moscovici indicates three notable
vii
viii Dynamics of Crowd-Minds
symptoms of losing personality in favor of crowd mentality: decrease of
intellectual component, increase of emotional component and disregard for
personal profit [Moscovici (1985)].
A collective delusion emerges when thought disorder interacts with dis-
turbances of affect [Winters and Neale (1983)]. The delusion may be seen
as a symptom of mental disorder or at least collective divergence from
the norm [Moscovici (1985)]. Collective behavior of crowd-minds is highly
non-linear because of mutual actions between delusive thinking, emotional
contagion and also "collective movements and collective outburst" [Smelser
(1962)]. In the book we study the non-linearity of crowd-minds using cellu-
lar automata, algebraic structures, artificial-chemistry paradigms and mo-
bile automata on lattices.
Andrew Adamatzky
February 2005
Contents
Preface vii
1. Crowding Minds 1
1.1 Non-linear psychology and sociodynamics 1
1.2 Crowds 4
1.3 Quasi-chemistry and cellular automata 8
1.4 Dual interpretation 13
1.5 Emotions, beliefs and actions 13
2. Patterns of Affect 23
2.1 Artificial chemistry of emotions 23
2.2 Happiness and sadness 25
2.3 Anger, fear and happiness 28
2.4 Happiness, anger, confusion and fear 32
2.5 Happiness, anger, confusion and sadness 35
2.6 Emotional abuse therapy 41
2.7 Affectons 48
2.7.1 Affectons in random environment 54
2.7.2 Reflecting singletons 57
2.7.3 Coupled affectons 58
2.7.3.1 Deterministic dynamic 58
2.7.3.2 Probabilistic dynamic 60
2.7.3.3 Unreachable emotional states 60
2.7.3.4 Longest transitions 62
2.8 Wicked feelings 62
ix