Dynamics of Communication: New Ways and New Actors PDF
Preview Dynamics of Communication: New Ways and New Actors
DYNAMICS OF COMMUNICATION: NEW WAYS AND NEW ACTORS Withthesupportof SwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation(SDC)-Embassy ofSwitzerlandinZagreb UNESCO MinistryofScience,EducationandSportsoftheRepublicofCroatia MinistryofCultureoftheRepublicofCroatia MinistryofForeignAffairsandEuropeanIntegrationoftheRepublicofCroatia CityofZagreb,CityOfficeforEducation,CultureandSports Dynamics of Communication: New Ways and New Actors Edited by Biserka Cvjetièanin InstituteforInternationalRelations Zagreb,2006 CulturelinkJointPublicationsSeriesNo10 Serieseditor BiserkaCvjetièanin Languageeditor CharlotteHuntly EvaineLeCalvé-Ivièeviæ MilivojTeleæan Printedandboundby M.G.T.d.o.o. Zagreb Publisher InstituteforInternationalRelations Lj.F.Vukotinoviæa2 10000Zagreb,Croatia ©InstituteforInternationalRelations CIP/katalogizacijaupublikaciji Nacionalnaisveuèilišnaknji(cid:1)nica,Zagreb UDK C o n t e n t s Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 TheEndofGlobalization? RedefinedRoleofStatesandNationalCultures. RegionalizationandDecentralization.Trans-borderCooperation NadaŠvob-Ðokiæ NewBordersandtheBorderlessCultures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 KirillRazlogov TheSpectreofGlobalizationandMultipleIdentities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 MatkoMeštroviæ TheBenefitsofGlobalization?Misconceptionsand/orMisunderstandings . . 21 GuillermoGutiérrez Fronterasdelaglobalización . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 VjeranKatunariæ NationState,Culture,Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Jean-PierreSaez Lalonguemarchedeladécentralisation despolitiquesculturellesenEurope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 SanjinDragojeviæ OfCulturalDecentralizationinSoutheasternEurope DoWeEverChangeandDoWeWishtoChangeatAll? . . . . . . . . . . . 65 RezaNajafbagy DevelopmentandChange,andtheRoleoftheState:TheCaseofIran . . . . 73 NewActorsandCulturalPolicies NewPublicPolicies/CulturalPolicies:DevelopingPartnerships withCivilSocietyandthePrivateSector.Mobility ColinMercer CulturalPolicyBeyondandBelowtheNationState:NewForms ofSubnationalandTransnationalCulturalIdentityandCitizenship . . . . . . 83 RaymondWeber Mondialisation/Globalisationetnouveauxrôles pourlespolitiquesculturelles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 I MilenaDragièeviæŠešiæ SharedPolicies:TheFutureofCulturalDevelopment NewModelsofPartnershipBetweenthePublic,PrivateandCivilSectors . .103 DorotaIlczuk SearchingforNewWaysofCulturalPolicyImplementation ProposaloftheOrganizationalandFinancialChanges intheFieldofCultureinPoland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 AnaWortman CrisissocialypolíticasculturalesenlaArgentina Espaciosdelasociedadcivil,generadoresdeproyectosculturales. . . . . . .115 JenniferWilliams TheHybridWorker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 SarahGardner DialogueorDiplomacy?PublicPolicyandInternational ArtistMobilityProgrammes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 SergeBernier Partenariatentrel’Étatetlasociétécivile.L’exemple del’ObservatoiredelacultureetdescommunicationsduQuébec . . . . . . .145 ChulamaneeChartsuwan ASEF’sDialogueonPolicyandCulture:TheRole ofCivilSocietyinAsiaandEurope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151 Karl-ErikNorrman AStrongerRoleforArtistsinCivilSocietyandPublicDiscourse. . . . . . .155 CulturalDiversity ThePathofMulticulturalism/Interculturalism.MediatedCultures andNewTechnologies.NewCulturalIdentities (cid:1)arkoPaiæ MulticulturalismandBeyond:TheNewPoliticsofIdentity . . . . . . . . . .161 JoostSmiers TheNeedforaGlobalCulturalMovement StrategiesinFavourofCulturalDiversity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 ChristopheGermann “CulturalTreatment”and“Most-Favoured-Culture”toPromoteCultural Diversityvis-à-visInternationalTradeRegulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 KrunoMartinac AnyBodyThere?VirtualDiaspora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 DubravkoŠkiljan Lemulticulturalismeenquestion–unevuelinguistique . . . . . . . . . . . .203 II KonradGunesch CosmopolitanIdentityCombinedwithMultilingualAbility foraNewDimensionandDynamicsofIndividualIntercultural CompetenceandCommunication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213 SimaoSouindoula IdentitéBantuetdiversitéculturelle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 AbdelillahBenarafa Ladiversitéculturelled’unpointdevueislamique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231 GaoXian HarmonywithDiversity:OrientationofWorld DevelopmentandtheCaseofChina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 DiegoGradis Lespeuplesautochtones:desujetsàacteursdelasolidarité, deladiversitéculturelleetdelaglobalisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 RistoTaneski MulticulturalDiversity:TheCaseofMacedonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 YolandaOnghena NewCommunication,NewInterpretations AChallengeforInterculturalUnderstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 MarkDubrulle DevelopingDemocracyThroughCulturalDiversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 BenjamínFernándezBogado Laangustiademocrática:unarespuestadesdelacultura . . . . . . . . . . . .271 NewWaysofCommunicationandCooperation InternetandCulturalNetworks:DiversityofCulturalCommunication. ImpactofVirtualCommunicationonCultures.DigitalCulture CeesJ.Hamelink CommunicatingforGlobalInterculturality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279 KeyanTomaselliandPaulRodda CulturesofControlandDispersion NewMediaandGlobalInformationNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285 VeraTurkoviæ InternationalCommunicationandCooperationThroughVisualArt . . . . . .295 AleksandraUzelac CulturalNetworksinVirtualSphere-BetweenInfrastructure andCommunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305 Jean-PierreDeru Lesréseauxculturels:outilsefficacesdecoopération oudégâtsinterculturelscollatéraux? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319 III CorinaSuteu The“TinkelinkEffect”:CulturalNetworks,BetweenEncounter andConnectioninEurope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321 BiserkaCvjetièanin Dessociétésmulticulturellesauxsociétésinterculturelles: lerôledesréseaux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327 AggreyBrown TheInternet,CulturalNetworksandDiversity ofCulturalCommunication:TheCaseoftheCaribbean . . . . . . . . . . . .333 HenryCheruiyotChangwony InternetConnectivityinAfricanMuseums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339 TamaraLapteva RussianStateLibrary,anActiveComponent oftheInformationandCulturalCommunication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345 JenniferJennings IgnoringtheBleeps:DigitalArtMusicinIreland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349 VinkoPeneziæandKrešimirRogina TheoryandDesignintheDigitalAge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355 CulturalChangeandCulturalNetworks’sProjects: InternationalCulturalCooperation YudhishthirRajIsar TheWorldCulturesYearbookProject:NewApproaches toBuildinganEvidenceBaseforPolicy-Making. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361 MátéKovács CulturalChangeandNetworksinAfrica TheExperienceoftheObservatoryofCulturalPoliciesinAfrica . . . . . . .371 DianeDodd ConnectCP-TheInternational“Who’sWho” ofCulturalPolicy,PlanningandResearch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381 WillyFaché TheFutureofNationalCulturalCentresAbroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387 FrédériqueEhrmann,SilviaCazacu Lesréseaux:«Entrecequin’estplusetcequin’estpasencore». . . . . . . .395 ErikaBlock TheWalkingProject:DesireLines,Walking andMappingacrossContinents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399 Appendix ListofAuthors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409 IV Introduction The ten-year period between the First World Culturelink Conference held in June 1995 and the Second World Culturelink Conference held in June 2005, was characterizedbyevermorerapidandimportantchangesintroducedbyanddeveloped throughtheglobalizationprocessesinthefieldofculture.Thesechanges,influenced especiallybythedevelopmentofnewinformationandcommunicationtechnologies, affect the very ways of communication. New ways and new actors of global communicationaswellasnewpossibilitiesofnetworkingandtheroleofnetworksin promotinginterculturaldialogueinthe21stcenturyareexaminedinthisbookwhich presentsthecontributionsof50expertsfromEurope,Asia,Africa,theAmericasand Australia,representingdifferentinternationalandnationalassociations,universities, culturalinstitutions,andotherorganizations. We live in societies which are, or are increasingly becoming multicultural. The challenge of multiculturalism/interculturalism requires growing efforts in internationalculturalcommunication/cooperationandinterculturalcompetence.This concerns especially new tasks and roles of cultural policies in the processes of decentralizationandregionalizationofculturaldevelopmentandculturallife.Asthe roleofthenationalstatediminishes,localauthoritiesandprofessionalorganizations takeovernewtasksandfunctionsinculturalpoliciesandculturaldevelopment.Itis necessarytostartdevelopingculturalpoliciesassharedpolicies,implyingstateand privatesectors,andcivilsociety.Thisdialogueandpartnershipamongthepublicand theprivatesectorandcivilsocietyintheprocessofreshapingpublicculturalpolicies isneededinordertoestablishflexibleandopenapproachestocooperation. Wealsoliveinatimeinwhichthespreadofinformationisfasterthantheanalysis of its cultural and social impact. Digital cultures, spreading from technological backgrounds, concentrate on communication as the strategic input of cultural development.Theyproducenewchanges:digitalculturesareculturesofusers,andat the same time, they produce different digitalized art forms. Cultural policies, however, do not fully recognize these new digital forms and the newly emerging trends they set. Parallelling the acknowledgment of new actors in the processes of culturaldevelopment,newtypesandareasofartisticandculturalcreativityshouldbe betterintegratedintoculturalpolicies. 1 DynamicsofCommunication:NewWaysandNewActors Part one and two of this volume are dedicated to globalization processes, their consequencesandtheredefinedrolesofallactorsinvolvedintheculturalfield(the role of the state, of local communities, professional organizations, etc.). Cultural policies and developing partnerships with civil society and the private sector are analyzed.Thetopicsofpartthreecompriseculturaldiversity-especiallywithaview toUnesco’sConventionontheProtectionandPromotionoftheDiversityofCultural Expressions - the path of multiculturalism/interculturalism and new cultural identities.Partfourisdevotedtothenewwaysofcommunicationandcooperation,to cultural networks and digital culture, and the uneven global spread of digitization, whilepartfivedescribessomerelevantculturalnetworks’projectsinthemaking. Thisbookidentifiesthenewtasksandchangingrolesofculturalpoliciesrelatedto culturaldiversityandthenewlyemergingdigitalcultures,andcallsattentiontothe impressivephenomenonofnewwaysandnewactorsincommunication-allofwhich announcesarestructuringoftheglobalculturalspace.Theinterconnectionofcultural diversity,interculturalcommunicationanddigitalcultureexpressesnewapproaches toandprospectsforculturaldevelopmentandinternationalculturalcooperation. The First World Culturelink Conference resulted in intensified international researchactivitiesinthefieldofculturalpoliciesandledtotheperceptionofadistinct ‘Zagreb school of cultural policy research’. May the Second World Culturelink Conference and this book, with its wealth of contributions from a large number of experts,resultinintensifiedinternationalresearchintotheinterconnectednessofthe threemostimportantphenomenaoftoday’sworld-culturaldiversity,intercultural communicationanddigitalculture-andcontributetothecreationofwhatwehave termedunmondemeilleur. TheEditor 2
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