Dynamical systems and irreversibility: Proc. XXI Solvay congress in physics

378 Pages·2002·1.82 MB·English

by  Ioannis Antoniou

DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
AND IRREVERSIBILITY
ASPECIALVOLUMEOFADVANCESINCHEMICALPHYSICS
VOLUME122
EDITORIAL BOARD
BRUCE J. BERNE, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York,
New York, U.S.A.
KURT BINDER, Institut fu¨r Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universita¨t Mainz, Mainz,
Germany
A. WELFORD CASTLEMAN, JR., Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
DAVID CHANDLER, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley,
California, U.S.A.
M. S. CHILD, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford,
U.K.
WILLIAM T. COFFEY, Department of Microelectronics and Electrical Engineering,
Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
F. FLEMING CRIM, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin, U.S.A.
ERNEST R. DAVIDSON, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington,
Indiana, U.S.A.
GRAHAM R. FLEMING, Department of Chemistry, The University of California,
Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
KARL F. FREED, The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago,
Illinois, U.S.A.
PIERRE GASPARD, Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems,
Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
ERIC J. HELLER, Department of Chemistry, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
ROBINM.HOCHSTRASSER, DepartmentofChemistry,TheUniversityofPennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
R.KOSLOFF, TheFritzHaberResearchCenterforMolecularDynamicsandDepart-
ment of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem,
Israel
RUDOLPHA.MARCUS, DepartmentofChemistry,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,
Pasadena, California, U.S.A.
G. NICOLIS, Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Universite´
Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
THOMAS P. RUSSELL, Department of Polymer Science, University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Massachusetts
DONALD G. TRUHLAR, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A.
JOHN D. WEEKS, Institute for Physical Science and Technology and Department
of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, U.S.A.
PETERG.WOLYNES, DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,
California, U.S.A.
DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
AND IRREVERSIBILITY:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
XXI SOLVAY CONFERENCE
ON PHYSICS
ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS
VOLUME 122
Edited by
IOANNIS ANTONIOU
InternationalSolvayInstitutesforPhysicsandChemistry,Brussels,Belgium
Series Editors
I. PRIGOGINE STUARTA. RICE
CenterforStudiesinStatisticalMechanics DepartmentofChemistry
andComplexSystems and
TheUniversityofTexas TheJamesFranckInstitute
Austin,Texas TheUniversityofChicago
and Chicago,Illinois
InternationalSolvayInstitutes
Universite´ LibredeBruxelles
Brussels,Belgium
ANINTERSCIENCEPUBLICATION
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
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CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 122
L. ACCARDI, Centro Vito Volterra, Polymathematics, Facolta di Economia,
UniversitadegliStudidiRomaTorVergata,Rome,Italy
Y. AIZAWA, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineer-
ing, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
I. ANTONIOU, International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry, Free
UniversityofBrussels,Brussels,Belgium;andTheoretischeNatuurkunde,
Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
F. T. ARECCHI, Department of Physics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;
and National Institute of Applied Optics (INOA), Florence, Italy
R. BALESCU, Department of Physical Statistics–Plasma, Free University of
Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
A. BOHM, Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
LUIS J. BOYA, Center for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, The
UniversityofTexas,Austin,Texas,U.S.A.Permanentaddress:Department
of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza,
Zaragoza, Spain
PIERRE GASPARD, Center for Nonlinear Phenomena andComplexSystems, Free
University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
KARL GUSTAFSON, Department of Mathematics, University of Colorado,
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.; and International Solvay Institutes for Physics
and Chemistry, University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
HIROSHI H. HASEGAWA, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ibaraki
University, Mito, Japan; and Center for Statistical Mechanics, University
of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
KUNIHIKO KANEKO, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, College of Arts
and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
E. KARPOV, Center for Studies in Statistical Mechanics and Complex Systems,
University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.; and International Solvay
InstitutesforPhysicsandChemistry,FreeUniversityofBrussels,Brussels,
Belgium
S. V. KOZYREV, Centro Vito Volterra, Polymathematics, Facolta di Economia,
Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
v
vi contributors to volume 122
MIKIO NAMIKI, Department of Physics, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
G.ORDONEZ, CenterforStudiesinStatisticalMechanicsandComplexSystems,
University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.; and International Solvay
InstitutesforPhysicsandChemistry,FreeUniversityofBrussels,Brussels,
Belgium
T.PETROSKY, CenterforStudiesinStatisticalMechanicsandComplexSystems,
University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.; International Solvay Institutes
forPhysicsandChemistry,FreeUniversityofBrussels,Brussels,Belgium;
and Theoretical Physics Department, University of Vrije, Brussels,
Belgium
I.PRIGOGINE, CenterforStudiesinStatisticalMechanicsandComplexSystems,
The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.; and International Solvay
InstitutesforPhysicsandChemistry,FreeUniversityofBrussels,Brussels,
Belgium
Z. SUCHANECKI, International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry, Free
University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Theoretische Natuurkunde,
Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; and Institute of Mathe-
matics, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
E. C. G. SUDARSHAN, Center for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, The
University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
P. SZE´PFALUSY, Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eo¨tvo¨s University,
Budapest, Hungary; and Research Institute for Solid State Physics and
Optics, Budapest, Hungary
S. TASAKI, Department of Physics, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan;and
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto, Japan. Present address:
Department of Applied Physics and Advanced Institute for Complex
Systems, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
H. WALTHER, Sektion Physik der Universita¨t Mu¨nchen and Max Planck Institut
fu¨r Quantenoptik, Garching, Federal Republic of Germany
ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD OF THE
INTERNATIONAL SOLVAY INSTITUTES
FOR PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
J. SOLVAY President of the Administrative Board
F. BINGEN Vice-President of the Administrative Board
I. PRIGOGINE Director of the Solvay Institutes
I. ANTONIOU Deputy Director of the Solvay Institutes
F. LAMBERT Secretary of the Administrative Board
A. BELLEMANS Secretary of the Scientific Committee of Chemistry
M. HENNEAUX Secretary of the Scientific Committee of Physics
D. JANSSEN
A. JAUMOTTE
G. NICOLIS
J. M. PIRET
J. REISSE
R. LEFEVER
vii

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE FOR PHYSICS OF
THE INTERNATIONAL SOLVAY INSTITUTES
FOR PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
A. ABRAGAM Professeur Honoraire au Colle`ge de France, Paris,
France
P. W. ANDERSON Department of Physics, Princeton University,
Princeton, NJ, U.S.A.
F. T. ARECCHI Directeur, Istituto Nazionale de Ottica Applicata,
Florence, Italy
M. HENNEAUX De´partement de Physique, Universite´ Libre de
Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
I. M. KHALATNIKOFF Russian Academy of Sciences, Landau Institute of
Theoretical Physics, Moscow, Russia
Y. NE’EMAN Sackler Institute for Advanced Study, Tel-Aviv
University, Tel Aviv, Israel
D. PHILLIPS 35, Addisland Court, Holland Villas Road, London,
England
R. Z. SAGDEEV East West Place Science Center, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD, U.S.A.
G. SETTI European Southern Laboratory, Munich,
Germany
G. t’HOOFT Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University,
Utrecht, Netherlands
S. C. TONWAR Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bombay,
India
H. WALTHER Max-Planck-Institute fu¨r Quantenoptik, Mu¨nich,
Germany
V. F. WEISSKOPF Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.
ix